RU2347113C1 - Water supply well - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention concerns water supply and can be used in regions and areas experiencing energy shortages. The water supply well includes an underground aquiferous zone, through which a well is drilled, water-lifting string, gas hood with outlet connected to the water-lifting string, upper end of which is close to the well head and connected to the water consumer's reservoir, feeding pipeline with connected to it dart valve and remotely controlled dart valve. The outlet interval has a "dry" volume. Dynamic level in the outlet interval is located below the discharge line pipe edge. Connection between the feeding line and outlet interval is located above the pressure valve inlet. The "dry" volume of the outlet interval is connected via a hose to the atmosphere at the well head. The gas hood is fitted with a tray with liquid, for example, with water, the tray is floating on the water plane pumped in the tray, and with a fixed perforated cartridge with a substance, for example, calcium, which can come into contact and react with the water in the tray to release gas.

EFFECT: use of the water supply well in wider geological conditions, particularly in conditions, which require no fractured (connection) zones, which extend from the "dry" volume of the outlet interval up to day surface.

Description

The claimed invention relates to the field of water supply, in particular the use of kinetic energy of a water flow moving under its own gravity to lift water from a well, and can be used for water supply to water supply systems of energy-deficient territories remote from open water bodies, including isolated agricultural consumers seasonal stay, such as fire fighting, wild-pickers, military outposts, etc., in areas where There are conditions necessary for its work.

Known water-air lifts (airlift) used in water supply for lifting water from deep wells (D.S. Tsiklauri. "Hydraulics, agricultural water supply and hydraulic power plants." M. Publishing House of Letters, construction. 1970, - p. 46- 80 [1]). Airlift includes air and water lift pipes, nozzle, receiving tank, compressor and receiver. Airlifts are characterized by a simple design that does not have moving parts, ease of manufacture, and the possibility of long-term operation without complicated maintenance.

The disadvantage of such a water lift is the need to use electric energy to drive the compressor, its low efficiency.

Known energy-saving water-lifting installation using the principle of a hydraulic ram (Kuzmin AE Water lifts and hydraulic motors with an energy-saving drive. Publishing house of the ISU, Irkutsk, 2000 [2]).

The principle of operation is based on a change in pressure in the feed pipe as a result of a sharp change in the fluid velocity (water hammer). The hydraulic ram type lift comprises a feed tank, a feed pipe, a shock valve, a discharge valve, an air cap, and a pressure pipe. Water, pouring from the feed tank through the feed pipe through the neck of the shock valve, flows into the flow channel. When a certain speed is reached under the action of a high-speed pressure, the shock valve closes sharply, cutting off the flow of water. At the dead end of the feed pipe, pressure rises sharply (water hammer occurs), under the influence of which the discharge valve opens and water enters the air cap, compresses the air and then into the pressure pipe. After closing the discharge valve (under the influence of weight), the pressure decreases in the dead end of the feed pipe with the formation of a vacuum (reflection cycle). The shock valve opens and the cycle repeats. Such a water-lifting installation can raise water to a height of up to 300 m (AE Kuzmin, Water-lifts and hydraulic motors with an energy-saving drive. Publishing House of Irkutsk State University, Irkutsk, 2000, [2], p. 35), while the deeper the installation is located in the well , the smaller the proportion of well production "pushed" to the surface. It is energy efficient, does not require any external energy supply for its work. Its disadvantage is that it only raises water from a water stream flowing along the surface of the day, and does not allow water to be lifted from an underground aquifer through a borehole drilled up to it.

Closest to the proposed water supply well is a “Well Hydraulic Ram Installation” (RF patent for utility model No. 5504, F04F 7/02. Application No. 2005113525/22, filed May 3, 2005, Aut. A. D. Eliseev, S. F. Eliseeva, published July 27, 2006, Bull. No. 21 [3]), adopted as a prototype.

A downhole hydraulic ram installation, including an underground aquifer, drilled by a well in communication with it, equipped and mastered for water supply, a well drilled to an absorption zone, a water lifting pipe string installed in the well, a gas cap, the outlet of which is connected to a water lifting pipe string, the upper end of which is located at the wellhead and connected to the reservoir of the water consumer, the feedwater conduit is an annular channel formed by the walls of the borehole or casing and a lifting column constant pipes, communicating with them percussion valve, nourishing water conduit is connected by a delivery valve with a gas cap, and by withdrawing the bleed lines and the shock valve is connected to the discharging interval wells remotely controllable percussion valve installed in the well.

A downhole hydraulic ram installation allows you to raise water from an aquifer with a static level in the well below the position of the day surface (non-artesian well).

The disadvantage of a downhole hydraulic ram installation, adopted as a prototype, is the limited conditions for its use due to the fact that in the general case the “dry” volume of the outlet interval of the well does not communicate with the atmosphere, therefore, it can work only in conditions where the “dry” volume of the outlet interval of the well communicated through communicating cracks with the atmosphere, for example, in mountain conditions and if disturbed rocks are drilled by the well. But such conditions are rare.

Another disadvantage of the prototype is that to replenish the gas cap with gas during its operation, it provides a source of compressed air located on the surface and connected to the gas cap installed in the well. This complicates its design, makes it not suitable for work in remote areas, increases the complexity of operation.

The task of creating the claimed invention is to develop a technical solution - a water supply well, which allows it to be used in wider geological conditions, in particular in conditions that do not require the presence of disturbance zones (messages) extending to the day surface from the "dry" volume of the outlet interval of the well.

The task is achieved by the fact that the downhole hydraulic ram installation adopted for the prototype, including an underground aquifer drilled by a well in communication with it and equipped for water supply, the well is drilled to the absorption zone, a water lifting pipe string is installed in the well, a gas cap, the outlet of which is connected to the water lifting pipe string, the upper end of which is located at the wellhead and connected to the reservoir of the water consumer, the feedwater conduit is an annular channel formed by the walls a well or casing and a water pipe string, a shock valve connected to it, a feed conduit is connected by means of a discharge valve to a gas cap, and by means of a discharge line and a shock valve is connected to a discharge interval of the well, a remotely controlled shock valve is installed in the well, in the discharge interval the well has a “dry” volume, the dynamic level in the outlet interval of the well is located below the edge of the branch pipe of the discharge line, the message of the supply channel from the hole the interval of the well is located above the inlet of the injection valve, the “dry” volume of the outlet interval of the well is connected via a hose to the atmosphere at its mouth, and the gas cap is equipped with a cuvette with a liquid, for example, water made floating on the surface of the pumped water in it, in addition, gas the cap is equipped with a fixed motionless perforated cartridge with a substance, for example calcium, with the possibility of contacting and chemical interaction with water in a cuvette with gas evolution.

The inventive water supply well is equipped with a hose informing the “dry” volume of the outlet interval of the well with the atmosphere, which provides conditions for its operation in those cases where the “dry” volume of the outlet interval of the well has no communication with the atmosphere due to the zone of rock disturbance extending to it. This expands the conditions for its use.

The use of a gas cap of an autonomous design in the inventive water supply well as a gas generator gives it the quality of adaptability to work in remote areas, reduces the complexity and cost of its implementation. When using calcium calcium gas in a chemical gas generator, H ₂ O interacts with water and allows hydrogen H ₂ to be obtained as gas: (Ca + 2H ₂ O = Ca (OH) ₂ + H ₂ ), which, in contact with the pumped water and partially dissolving in it does not impair its quality and consumer properties.

Figure 1 shows a diagram of the inventive water supply wells, and figure 2 is a diagram of a gas cap.

In figures 1 and 2, the following notation is introduced: 1 - casing string; 2 - underground aquifer; 3 - (shaped) discharge of the discharge line; 4 - perforation in the casing string; 5 - three-wire wire; 6 - dynamic water level in the casing of a larger diameter; 7 - shock valve with a rod - remotely controlled valve; 8 - emphasis; 9 - valve guide rods; 10 - outlet interval of the well; 11 - absorption zone; 12 - discharge valve; 13 - gas cap; 14 - perforated cartridge filled with a substance; 15 - a lifting column of pipes; 16 - valve of the water-lifting channel (to the reservoir of the water consumer); 17 - two-section, reversible electromagnetic solenoid, EMC; 18 - liquid; 19 - floating ring cuvette; 20 - the second remote-controlled valve; 21 - hose message "dry" volume of the outlet interval of the well with the atmosphere; 22 - “dry” volume of the outlet interval of the well; 23 - the edge of the outlet pipe branch; 24 - dynamic water level in the outlet interval of the well; 25 - threaded connection; 26 - radially oriented holes; h - water injection height; h ₁ - the pressure under which the ram works (the length of the nutrient interval); h ₂ - the position of the operating level during installation; Q - water flow rate in the nutrient range; q - water flow through the water-lifting pipeline; I - the first section (from the dynamic level in the annular channel to the entrance to the outlet of the discharge line) - the hydrodynamic section of the feeding ring channel; II - the second section is the hydrodynamic section in the interval of flow separation in the well; III.1 - the third section (one fraction of the flow) - the hydrodynamic section in the outlet of the discharge line with a shock valve installed in it, the outlet of which is connected with the "dry" outlet interval of the well, connected with the atmosphere; III.2 - the third section (the second share of the flow) - the hydrodynamic section of the well below the interval of separation of the flow to the "muffled" bottom of its part in contact with a stepped stop in the well; IV - the fourth section is the hydrodynamic section of the pressure line; V - the fifth section is the hydrodynamic section of the spout of water raised from the well into the reservoir.

A water-supplying well (Fig. 1) 1 drilled an aquifer 2 and a lower absorbing zone 11. In the interval of the aquifer, a pipe of a larger diameter with perforations 4 and a filter outside of the wire winding was installed. A smaller diameter pipe also has perforations. Water from the aquifer 2 through the filter and perforations 4 enters the annular channel formed by pipes of larger and smaller diameters, and through the perforations enters the well. With the blocked communication of the aquifer 2 with the well 1 (the second remote-controlled valve is in its lower position), the water level in the well (in a larger diameter casing) is set to a value corresponding to the static level of the aquifer, the same level in the filter tank.

On the lower ledge of the well, a hydroturning device assembly is installed, made by a separate assembly unit, including a shaped branch of a discharge line 3 connected to a glass, the bottom of which has openings. A remote controlled shock valve with a rod 7 is installed in the outlet of the discharge line 3 (its inlet). An electromagnetic solenoid EMC 17 is installed outside the discharge line so that its electromagnetic coil can interact with the rod of the shock valve 7. There are three stops 8 in the design of the ram unit to which the individual elements of the block are attached, in particular the glass, as well as the discharge of the discharge line 3. The elements of the riser 15 with the gas cap 13 are attached to them. In the lower block stop, a fitting has been installed, the lower end of which is connected to the “dry” volume of the outlet interval of the well, and its upper end is connected to the hose 21 to the atmosphere. On the lower emphasis of the block is installed a sealing gasket connected to it. When a block is placed in a well on its lower ledge, this gasket is used to seal the connection between the block and the well. By means of electrical connection 6 and a three-wire wire 5, a line for supplying electrical voltage to one or another EMC section is formed.

A second remotely controlled valve 20 is installed in the well, which in its lower position blocks the communication of the aquifer 2 with the volume of the well 1. To move it upward, a cable is attached to it. In the lower position, the valve is installed when the cable is loosened (from the wellhead) under the influence of the weight of the valve.

The lifting column 15 is made of drill pipes by connecting them using standard drilling equipment.

The gas cap 13 installed in the hydraulic ram unit is designed to produce the gas necessary for its operation. It contains a floating ring cuvette 19 with liquid 18. The cuvette floats in the pumped water, which is located in the gas cap. In the gas cap is mounted motionless cartridge 14 with a substance, such as calcium. During the chemical interaction of a substance in a cartridge (calcium) with a liquid in a cuvette (water), gas (hydrogen) is released, its pressure rises, its volume of a gas bubble increases, and water is displaced. The cuvette moves down, contact and interaction with the substance cease. Subsequently, the gas production cycle (as it dissolves in the pumped water) with the required volume is repeated.

The diverting well 10 has a “dry” volume 22, and the static (and dynamic during the operation of the well) water level in it 24 is located below the ledge.

(расход Q). Уровень воды в водоподъемной колонне труб 15 ниже уровня в кольцевом канале скважины на величину

Works water supply as follows. When the shock valve 7 is open in the annular channel of the well, a flow of water is established at a speed

(flow rate Q). The water level in the tubing string 15 is lower than the level in the annular channel of the well by

where ρ is the density of water, kg / m ² ;

ν is the water velocity in the annular channel of the well, m / s.

, где h₁ - протяженность питательного интервала кольцевого канала и скважины, м; u - скорость звука в воде, м/c), давление повышается на величину р·u·ν. Это позволяет оценить, на какую величину h₂ может подняться уровень воды в водоподъемной колонне труб 15.When closing the shock valve 7 under the action of the high-speed pressure of water, a hydraulic shock occurs and the water pressure in the over-valve space rises sharply. If the shock valve 7 closes quickly (time to shut off is less

where h ₁ - the length of the nutrient interval of the annular channel and the well, m; u is the speed of sound in water, m / s), the pressure increases by p · u · ν. This allows you to evaluate how much h ₂ can rise in the water level in the water pipe string 15.

p · u · ν = p · g · h ₂ , whence

The water flow at the aquifer in the annular channel is added according to the following expression:

Q = Q ₁ + g

The flow rate Q · h _{1 is} used in the ram to lift the liquid along the water-lifting column of pipes 15 with a flow rate g to a height of h ₂ . Moreover, the power balance equation of the ram device has the following form:

Q · H = g · h ₂

The expression for determining the energy efficiency of the claimed water supply well has the following form:

The injection height h ₂ varies between 5-10 N with h ₁ = 1 ÷ 10 m. Therefore, in practical conditions, the highest injection height of the claimed water supply well can reach 100 m.

Its energy efficiency depends on the ratio h ₂ / h ₁ and is:

from η = 0.85 for h ₂ / h ₁ = 2,

to η = 0.45 ÷ 0.4 for h ₂ / h ₁ = 10.

Depending on the size of the well, the lifting pipe string and the ratio h ₂ / h _{1, the} feed of the ram unit varies from g = 0.07 · Q (for large h ₂ / h ₁ ) to g = 0.04 · Q (for small h ₂ / h ₁ ).

Opening the shock valve occurs at the time of the reflection stroke (the formation of vacuum in the supravalvulus).

In a specific example, for the implementation of the inventive water supply wells, well 1 was drilled with a main drilling diameter of 108 mm. During drilling, an underground aquifer 2 was drilled, the boundaries of which, determined by the method of downhole flow metering, are in the range 72.0-78.0 m. The flow rate of the aquifer is 0.11 m ³ / s, the static water level of the aquifer is H _c = 70 m.

After drilling the aquifer, the well is drilled further with the main drilling diameter to the absorption zone, which is in the range 125.0-127.0 m, and is represented by fractured rocks. As a result of drilling the absorption zone in the well, an overflow is established from the aquifer to the absorption zone with complete absorption of water. At the same time, the dynamic water level has a mark of 115 m. In the interval of the well above 115 m to the lower (second) step, there is (is) a non-continuous flow of water, this interval is called “dry”.

Subsequently, the water supply well is equipped according to the above description of its device, in particular, the working interval of the well in the interval H is drilled with a large diameter and a casing pipe 1 ⌀146 mm is installed in it, perforated in the interval of the absorption zone 4 and on which a filter is installed in the form of a wire winding. In the lower part, the casing of the main drilling diameter abuts against the first protrusion in the well. Below the first step, the well was drilled with a diameter of 127 mm. Moreover, the depth of its position is H = 100 m. In the interval of the well between the first and second steps, a block of the ram device is installed. It is made by a separate assembly unit and is lowered into the borehole on drill pipes fixed using a hydropatron, which is released after the block is installed on the second ledge. The sealing of the block at the contact with the outlet interval of the well is achieved by a gasket installed between the lower stop of the block 8 and the second ledge of the well. In the upper and middle stops 8 holes are made. With the lower stop connected to the lower part of the discharge pipe of the waste water 23 and the connection fitting of the “dry” volume of the outlet interval of the well with the atmosphere.

To start up the water supply well, a second remotely controlled valve 20 rises by means of a cable, which ensures the flow of water from the underground aquifer 2 to well 1, and after some time, a static level characteristic of the aquifer is established in the well.

To start the water-lifting unit of the water supply well, by applying voltage from the battery through the wire 5 to the EMC, the shock valve 7 opens.

, где ρ - плотность воды, кг/м³, ν - скорость воды в кольцевом канале скважины, м/с. При закрывании ударного клапана 7 происходит гидравлический удар и давление воды в надклапанном пространстве резко повышается. Период нагнетания начинается с момента начала закрытия ударного клапана 7 (открытие нагнетательного клапана 12) и заканчивается его закрытием. В период такта нагнетания вода поступает в газовый колпак 13, сжимая находящийся в нем газ. Под действием сжатого газа вода из газового колпака поступает в водоподъемную колонну труб 15.When the shock valve 7 is open (start-up moment - forced opening, subsequently, during operation, automatically), a water flow is established in the annular channel of the well with a velocity ν, determined based on the flow rate of the well Q and the cross section of the annular channel. In this case, the water level in the water-lifting column of pipes 15 is lower than the level in the annular channel of the well by

where ρ is the density of water, kg / m ³ , ν is the water velocity in the annular channel of the well, m / s. When the shock valve 7 is closed, a hydraulic shock occurs and the water pressure in the supravalve space rises sharply. The discharge period begins from the moment the shock valve 7 closes (opening of the discharge valve 12) and closes. During the injection stroke, water enters the gas cap 13, compressing the gas contained therein. Under the action of compressed gas, water from the gas cap enters the water-lifting pipe string 15.

After closing the discharge valve 12 by the movement of the shock wave, a decrease in pressure in the supravalve space occurs with the formation of a vacuum (residual pressure) —the reflection cycle. By force from the difference between atmospheric and residual pressures and gravity, valve 7 is lowered. Water again begins to pour out through the shock valve with increasing speed and the valve closes under the pressure of the water and the process resumes.

After putting into operation, the dynamic water level in the well during operation of the water supply well was established at around 70.0 m (h ₂ = 70 m).

Given that h ₂ = 70 m, you can determine the value of h ₁ , which is determined by the following ratio: h ₁ = Hh ₂ or h ₁ = 100 m - 70 m = 30 m. Thus, the main structural elements of the water supply well are:

h ₁ = 30 m, h ₂ = 70 m, N = 100 m.

,At the same time, during the open state of valve 7, a flow of water is established in the annular channel of the well at a speed

,

where S _count - the area of the annular channel on the working interval of the well, m ² . When the shock valve 7 is closed under the influence of the high-speed pressure of water, a hydraulic shock occurs and the water pressure in the supravalve space rises and the liquid in the water lifting pipe string rises.

Based on the basic ratios of the operation of the hydraulic ram installation at

its energy efficiency at h ₂ / h ₁ = 2, η = 0.85. In this case, the feed can be determined from the ratio: g = 0.07 Q or g = 0.07 · 0.07 · 0.11 m ³ / s = 7.7 · 10 ^-3 m ³ / s. The indicated feed value is confirmed in practice.

In the proposed water supply well, electricity is required only to run it (from the battery), after which it works without any external energy sources. During its operation, the kinetic energy of the water flow is directly converted into useful work. Thus, the proposed installation is an energy-saving and environmentally friendly water-lift, it can be effectively used in energy-deficient areas by consumers remote from water bodies (taiga gifts - berries, mushrooms, nuts, etc .; hunters; border outposts; firemen; emergency response personnel; tourist facilities visits, etc.).

Claims (1)

Water well, including an underground aquifer. drilled by a well connected to it and equipped for water supply, the well was drilled to the absorption zone, a water lifting pipe string installed in the well, a gas cap, the outlet of which is connected to a water lifting pipe string, the upper end of which is located at the wellhead and connected to the water consumer’s reservoir, a feed conduit is an annular channel formed by the walls of the borehole or casing and a water pipe string, a shock valve connected to it, the feed pipe is connected by pressure valve with a gas cap, and by means of a discharge line and a shock valve connected to the outlet interval of the well, a remotely controlled shock valve installed in the well, characterized in that there is a "dry" volume in the outlet interval of the well, the dynamic level in the outlet interval of the well is located below the edge of the outlet branch pipe, the communication of the feed channel with the outlet interval of the well is located above the inlet of the discharge valve, the “dry” volume of the outlet interval the well is in communication with the atmosphere at its mouth, and the gas cap is equipped with a cuvette with a liquid, for example, water made floating on the surface of the pumped water in it, in addition, the gas cap is equipped with a fixed perforated cartridge with a substance, such as calcium, with the possibility of contacting and chemical interaction with water in the cell with evolution of gas.

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