CN110608005B - Gas lift reverse circulation drilling system and automatic control method - Google Patents
Gas lift reverse circulation drilling system and automatic control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110608005B CN110608005B CN201910958979.6A CN201910958979A CN110608005B CN 110608005 B CN110608005 B CN 110608005B CN 201910958979 A CN201910958979 A CN 201910958979A CN 110608005 B CN110608005 B CN 110608005B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
- E21B21/06—Arrangements for treating drilling fluids outside the borehole
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
- E21B21/08—Controlling or monitoring pressure or flow of drilling fluid, e.g. automatic filling of boreholes, automatic control of bottom pressure
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
- E21B21/10—Valve arrangements in drilling-fluid circulation systems
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
- E21B21/10—Valve arrangements in drilling-fluid circulation systems
- E21B21/106—Valve arrangements outside the borehole, e.g. kelly valves
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
- E21B21/16—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor using gaseous fluids
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/10—Geothermal energy
Abstract
The invention discloses a gas lift reverse circulation drilling system and an automatic control method. The well drilling tool comprises a drill bit, a downhole electromagnetic PWD, a drill collar, a lower single-wall drill rod, a gas-water mixer, a double-wall drill rod, an air injection valve and an upper single-wall drill rod. The gas injection and drilling fluid injection pipelines are provided with automatic throttle valves, pressure gauges, flow meters and automatic pressure relief valves. The automatic control system comprises a signal receiver, a computer, a display, a PLC controller and a parameter input module, and in the gas lift reverse circulation drilling process, the automatic control system monitors the bottom hole pressure in real time, adjusts the gas injection quantity parameter and the drilling fluid injection parameter, and realizes automatic and accurate control of the bottom hole pressure. The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: matching with conventional wellhead well control equipment, and reducing well control risks; and the bottom hole pressure is accurately controlled, so that lost circulation and overflow are prevented.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas drilling, in particular to a gas lift reverse circulation drilling system and an automatic control method.
Background
In the drilling process, due to the reasons of unknown underground pressure system, complex geological conditions and the like, lost circulation sometimes occurs, serious even lost circulation occurs, thereby causing underground complex conditions such as overflow, sticking, well wall collapse and the like, and the environment can be polluted while a large amount of economic losses are caused. The leakage prevention and control drilling technologies are more, and the technologies comprise a gas drilling technology, a foam drilling technology, a clean water strong drilling technology, a mud cap drilling technology and the like, and have certain limitations: the gas drilling technology has the characteristics of high water yield and limited application in stratum easy to collapse; foam drilling fluid is difficult to recover in foam drilling technology, and environmental pollution is easy to cause; the clear water strong drilling and mud cap drilling technology is difficult to ensure that rock scraps generated by drilling are leaked into stratum completely, and the risk of jamming is high.
The gas lift reverse circulation drilling technology is a leak-proof and leak-proof drilling technology, has unique advantages in the aspect of treating serious lost circulation problems of low-pressure stratum of cracks and karst cave development, and has the main advantages that: a cycle can be established under the condition of no return; eliminating annular pressure consumption; the sand carrying efficiency is high. At present, the technology is applied to the drilling fields of water wells, geothermal wells, mines, gas emission wells and the like, but a wellhead is opened in the drilling process of the conventional gas lift reverse circulation drilling technology, a certain well control risk exists, the key construction parameters related to the technology are determined to stay in an engineering summarizing stage, the bottom hole pressure is controlled inaccurately, the well leakage and overflow risks exist in the construction process, and risk control measures are not available when the pressure is too high or a runner is blocked.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem of difficult drilling of a leakage stratum, and provides a gas lift reverse circulation drilling system and an automatic control method which are particularly suitable for the leakage stratum with cracks and karst cave development, and the problems of well leakage and overflow are reduced, and well control risks are reduced.
The aim of the invention is achieved by the following technical scheme: a gas lift reverse circulation drilling system comprises a wellhead device, a return pipeline, an in-well drilling tool, a gas injection pipeline, a drilling fluid injection pipeline and an automatic control system;
the wellhead device comprises a drilling four-way valve arranged at the top of the wellhead, the top of the drilling four-way valve is sequentially provided with a lifting nipple, a flashboard blowout preventer and a rotary blowout preventer, an annular liquid level monitoring echo meter is arranged on a bypass valve on the right side of the rotary blowout preventer, a gas-water isolation pipe is arranged in the lifting nipple, the upper end part of the gas-water isolation pipe is turned outwards and fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the lifting nipple, and the lower end part of the gas-water isolation pipe penetrates through the drilling four-way valve and extends into a well;
the return pipeline comprises a top drive, a water hose, a vertical pipe, a sand discharge pipeline and a vibrating screen, wherein the water hose, the vertical pipe and the sand discharge pipeline are sequentially connected between a liquid outlet of the top drive and an inlet end of the vibrating screen;
the well drilling tool comprises a drill bit, an underground electromagnetic PWD, a drill collar, a lower single-wall drill rod, a gas-water mixer, a double-wall drill rod, an air injection valve and an upper single-wall drill rod which are arranged in the well and are sequentially connected from bottom to top, wherein the upper single-wall drill rod extends on a drill floor and is connected with a top drive;
the double-wall drill rod comprises an outer pipe and an inner pipe, and the inner pipe is axially arranged in the outer pipe;
the gas injection valve comprises a gas injection valve inner pipe, a gas injection valve outer pipe and a partition plate A, wherein the partition plate A is welded in the gas injection valve outer pipe, a through hole A is formed in the center of the partition plate A, the gas injection valve inner pipe is welded in the through hole A, the upper end part of the gas injection valve inner pipe extends upwards and is in threaded connection with the lower end part of an upper single-wall drill rod, the lower end part of the gas injection valve inner pipe is in threaded connection with the upper end part of the inner pipe, a plurality of side holes A positioned below the partition plate A are formed in the gas injection valve outer pipe, the gas injection valve outer pipe is in threaded connection with the upper end part of the outer pipe, and the gas injection valve moves in the range of a gas-water isolation pipe when working;
the gas-water mixer comprises a gas-water mixer inner pipe, a gas-water mixer outer pipe and a partition plate B, wherein the partition plate B is welded in the gas-water mixer outer pipe, a through hole B is formed in the center of the partition plate B, a gas-water mixer inner pipe is welded in the through hole B, a plurality of side holes B positioned above the partition plate B are formed in the gas-water mixer inner pipe, the upper end part of the gas-water mixer inner pipe extends upwards and is in threaded connection with the lower end part of the inner pipe, the lower end part of the gas-water mixer inner pipe extends downwards and is in threaded connection with the upper end part of a lower single-wall drill rod, the gas-water mixer outer pipe is in threaded connection with the lower end part of the outer pipe, and the gas-water mixer sinks below the annular liquid level when working;
the gas injection pipeline comprises an air compressor, a supercharger and a rotary blowout preventer, and an automatic throttle valve I, a pressure gauge I, a flowmeter I and an automatic pressure relief valve I are sequentially connected between a gas outlet of the supercharger and a bypass valve on the left side of the rotary blowout preventer;
the drilling fluid injection pipeline comprises a mud tank, a mud pump, a well killing manifold and a well drilling four-way joint, an automatic relief valve II, an automatic throttle valve II, a pressure gauge II and a flowmeter II are sequentially connected between the mud pump and the inlet end of the well killing manifold, and the mud pump is communicated with the mud tank through the pipeline;
the automatic control system comprises a signal receiver, a display, a parameter input module, a PLC controller and a computer, wherein the signal receiver, the display, the parameter input module and the PLC controller are respectively connected with the computer in a wired manner;
the signal receiver is connected with the underground electromagnetic PWD and the annular liquid level monitoring echo meter through radio signals, and the signal receiver is connected with the pressure gauge I, the flow meter I, the pressure gauge II and the flow meter II through wired electric signals;
the PLC is connected with the automatic throttle valve I, the automatic relief valve I, the automatic throttle valve II and the automatic relief valve II through wired electric signals.
The upper end of the gas injection valve and the lower end of the gas-water mixer are equal in diameter to the single-wall drill rod, and the lower end of the gas injection valve and the upper end of the gas-water mixer are equal in diameter to the double-wall drill rod.
Bypass valves are arranged on the left side and the right side of the rotary blowout preventer.
And the well killing manifold is connected with a flat valve at the left side of the drilling four-way valve.
The underground electromagnetic PWD and the annular liquid level monitoring echo meter have a radio signal transmitting function.
The signal receiver has wireless and wired signal receiving functions.
The automatic control method of the gas lift reverse circulation drilling system comprises the following steps:
s1, setting pressure release threshold values of an automatic pressure release valve I and an automatic pressure release valve II on a parameter input module of an automatic control system according to bearing capacity of wellhead equipment, a gas injection pipeline and a drilling fluid injection pipeline, and inputting stratum pore pressure, stratum collapse pressure, stratum leakage pressure and stratum fracture pressure on the parameter input module according to adjacent well data and prediction data;
s2, the specific steps of gas lift reverse circulation drilling are as follows:
s21, starting an air compressor and a slurry pump, driving an upper single-wall drill rod to rotate through a top drive, driving a double-wall drill rod to rotate through the upper single-wall drill rod, driving a lower single-wall drill rod, a drill collar and a drill bit to rotate through the double-wall drill rod, and drilling a stratum through the drill bit;
s22, the air compressor produces compressed gas, the compressed gas sequentially enters the rotary blowout preventer through the booster, the automatic throttle valve I, the pressure gauge I, the flowmeter I and the bypass valve, high-pressure gas sequentially enters the inner pipe through the side hole A, the annular space of the inner pipe of the gas injection valve and the outer pipe of the gas injection valve, the annular space of the double-wall drill pipe, the annular space of the inner pipe of the gas-water mixer and the outer pipe of the gas-water mixer and the side hole B under the air pressure, and the high-pressure gas lifts drilling fluid in the inner pipe towards the wellhead direction;
s23, pumping out the drilling fluid in the mud tank by a mud pump, sequentially entering the drilling four-way valve through an automatic throttle valve II, a pressure gauge II, a flowmeter II, a well killing manifold and a flat valve under the action of a pumping pressure, blocking the drilling fluid by a gas-water isolation pipe, falling to the bottom of the well along the annular space of a well wall and the gas-water isolation pipe and the annular space of the well wall and an outer pipe, and then sequentially entering the double-wall drill pipe inner pipe through a drill bit, a drill collar, a lower single-wall drill pipe and a through hole B under the pressure;
s24, sequentially passing the lifted drilling fluid through an inner pipe of the double-wall drill pipe, a through hole A, an upper single-wall drill pipe, a hose, a vertical pipe and a sand discharge pipeline, finally entering a vibrating screen, separating, and then entering a mud tank, thereby finally completing gas lift reverse circulation drilling;
s3, in the drilling process of the step S1, monitoring gas injection parameters and drilling fluid injection parameters in real time through a flowmeter I, a pressure gauge I, a flowmeter II and a pressure gauge II, monitoring the annular liquid level height in real time through an annular liquid level monitoring echo instrument, and monitoring the bottom hole pressure and drilling fluid flow drilling parameters in real time through a bottom hole electromagnetic MWD;
s4, in the drilling process of the step S1, calculating a bottom hole safety pressure window through a computer, judging whether the bottom hole pressure monitored by the PWD in real time is in the safety pressure window, if not, calculating new gas injection parameters and drilling fluid injection parameters, transmitting signals to a PLC, controlling an automatic throttle valve I and an automatic throttle valve II to regulate, changing gas injection quantity and drilling fluid discharge quantity, and keeping the bottom hole pressure within the safety pressure window range to prevent overflow and well leakage;
s5, in the drilling process of the step S1, the gas injection pressure and the drilling fluid injection pressure are monitored in real time through an automatic control system, and when the pressure exceeds a pressure release threshold value, the PLC controller controls the automatic pressure release valve I and the automatic pressure release valve II to release pressure, so that high-pressure-holding hazards caused by flow channel blockage are prevented;
s6, in the drilling process of the step S1, drilling parameters such as a bottom hole safety pressure window, an annular liquid level height, bottom hole pressure, gas injection parameters, drilling fluid injection parameters, automatic throttle opening, automatic pressure release valve opening and closing states and the like are synchronously displayed through an explicit device, and gas lift reverse circulation drilling dynamics are controlled in real time.
The invention has the following advantages:
1. the required equipment can be modified on the basis of the existing equipment, the site operation is simple, the process conversion is convenient, the gas lift reverse circulation principle is adopted for drilling, and the method is suitable for leakage stratum in which cracks and karst cave develop.
2. And gas is injected into the outer pipe of the double-wall drill pipe by rotating the blowout preventer and the gas injection valve, the single-wall drill pipe is used as a wellhead, and the wellhead well control equipment is completely matched with conventional wellhead well control equipment, so that well control risks are reduced.
3. In the drilling process, the underground electromagnetic PWD monitors the bottom hole pressure in real time, and the automatic control system adjusts the gas injection parameter and the drilling fluid injection parameter, so that the bottom hole pressure can be automatically and accurately controlled, and the occurrence of lost circulation and overflow is prevented.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an embodiment of an automatic control method for gas lift reverse circulation drilling of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the connection of an air injection valve, a double-walled drill pipe, and an air-water mixer;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of the flow of fluid within a borehole tool;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a structure of a separator;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the gas-water separation pipe;
in the figure, the four-way well, 2-lift nipple, 3-ram blowout preventer, 4-rotary blowout preventer, 5-top drive, 6-hose, 7-riser, 8-vibrating screen, 9-drill bit, 10-downhole electromagnetic PWD, 11-drill collar, 12-lower single-wall drill pipe, 13-gas-water mixer, 14-double-wall drill pipe, 15-gas injection valve, 16-upper single-wall drill pipe, 17-gas injection valve inner pipe, 18-gas injection valve outer pipe, 19-side hole A, 20-partition A, 21-inner pipe, 22-outer pipe, 23-gas-water mixer inner pipe, 24-side hole B, 25-gas-water mixer outer pipe, 26-partition B, 27-air compressor, 28-booster, 29-automatic throttle valve I, 30-pressure gauge I, 31-flow meter I, 32-automatic pressure relief valve I, 33-mud tank, 34-automatic pressure relief valve II, 35-automatic throttle valve II, 36-pressure gauge II, 37-flow meter II, 38-well manifold, 39-automatic control system, 40-computer, 41-controller, echo-43-compressor input to the sand pump, 45-pump, 48-air pump, bypass, and signal-controller, and the bypass valve.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, the scope of the invention not being limited to the following:
as shown in fig. 1-5, a gas lift reverse circulation drilling system comprises a wellhead, a return line, a borehole tool, a gas injection line, a drilling fluid injection line, and an automatic control system 39;
the well head device is including setting up in the well drilling cross 1 at well head top, and the top of well drilling cross 1 is provided with rise nipple joint 2, flashboard preventer 3 and rotatory preventer 4 in order, be provided with annular space liquid level monitoring echo appearance 48 on the bypass valve of rotatory preventer 4 right side, be provided with gas-water isolation pipe 45 in rising nipple joint 2, the upper end of gas-water isolation pipe 45 is turned up outwards and set firmly on the inner wall of rising nipple joint 2, and the lower tip of gas-water isolation pipe 45 runs through well drilling cross 1 and extends in the well 51.
The return pipeline comprises a top drive 5, a water hose 6, a vertical pipe 7, a sand discharge pipeline 49 and a vibrating screen 8, wherein the water hose 6, the vertical pipe 7 and the sand discharge pipeline 49 are sequentially connected between a liquid outlet of the top drive 5 and an inlet end of the vibrating screen 8; the well drilling tool comprises a drill bit 9, a downhole electromagnetic PWD10, a drill collar 11, a lower single-wall drill rod 12, a gas-water mixer 13, a double-wall drill rod 14, a gas injection valve 15 and an upper single-wall drill rod 16 which are arranged in a well 51 and are sequentially connected from bottom to top, wherein the upper single-wall drill rod 16 extends on a drill floor and is connected with a top drive 5.
The double-wall drill rod 14 comprises an outer pipe 22 and an inner pipe 21, wherein the inner pipe 21 is axially arranged in the outer pipe 22; the gas injection valve 15 comprises a gas injection valve inner pipe 17, a gas injection valve outer pipe 18 and a partition plate A20, the partition plate A20 is welded in the gas injection valve outer pipe 18, a through hole A is formed in the center of the partition plate A20, the gas injection valve inner pipe 17 is welded in the through hole A, the upper end part of the gas injection valve inner pipe 17 extends upwards and is in threaded connection with the lower end part of the upper single-wall drill pipe 16, the lower end part of the gas injection valve inner pipe 17 is in threaded connection with the upper end part of the inner pipe 21, a plurality of side holes A19 positioned below the partition plate A20 are formed in the gas injection valve outer pipe 18, the gas injection valve outer pipe 18 is in threaded connection with the upper end part of the outer pipe 22, and the gas injection valve 15 moves in the range of the gas-water isolation pipe 45 when working; the gas-water mixer 13 comprises a gas-water mixer inner pipe 23, a gas-water mixer outer pipe 25 and a partition plate B26, wherein the partition plate B26 is welded in the gas-water mixer outer pipe 25, a through hole B is formed in the center of the partition plate B26, the gas-water mixer inner pipe 23 is welded in the through hole B, a plurality of side holes B24 positioned above the partition plate B26 are formed in the gas-water mixer inner pipe 23, the upper end part of the gas-water mixer inner pipe 23 extends upwards and is in threaded connection with the lower end part of the inner pipe 21, the lower end part of the gas-water mixer inner pipe 23 extends downwards and is in threaded connection with the upper end part of the lower single-wall drill pipe 12, the gas-water mixer outer pipe 25 is in threaded connection with the lower end part of the outer pipe 22, and the gas-water mixer 13 sinks under the annular liquid level when working.
The gas injection pipeline comprises an air compressor 27, a supercharger 28 and a rotary blowout preventer 4, and an automatic throttle valve I29, a pressure gauge I30, a flowmeter I31 and an automatic pressure relief valve I32 are sequentially connected between a gas outlet of the supercharger 28 and a bypass valve on the left side of the rotary blowout preventer 4; the drilling fluid injection pipeline comprises a mud tank 33, a mud pump 46, a well killing manifold 38 and a drilling four-way valve 1, an automatic relief valve II34, an automatic throttle valve II35, a pressure gauge II36 and a flow meter II37 are sequentially connected between the mud pump 46 and the inlet end of the well killing manifold 38, and the mud pump 46 is communicated with the mud tank 33 through a pipeline.
The automatic control system 39 comprises a signal receiver 43, a display 40, a parameter input module 44, a PLC controller 42 and a computer 41, wherein the signal receiver 43, the display 40, the parameter input module 44 and the PLC controller 42 are respectively connected with the computer 41 in a wired mode.
The signal receiver 43 is connected with the underground electromagnetic PWD10 and the annular liquid level monitoring echo meter 48 through radio signals, and the signal receiver 43 is connected with the pressure gauge I30, the flow meter I31, the pressure gauge II36 and the flow meter II37 through wired electric signals; the PLC 42 is connected with the automatic throttle I29, the automatic pressure relief valve I32, the automatic throttle II35 and the automatic pressure relief valve II34 through wired electric signals. The upper end of the gas injection valve 15 and the lower end of the gas-water mixer 13 have the same diameter with the single-wall drill rod, and the lower end of the gas injection valve 15 and the upper end of the gas-water mixer 13 have the same diameter with the double-wall drill rod 14. Bypass valves are provided on both the left and right sides of the rotary blowout preventer 4. The well killing manifold 38 is connected to a plate valve on the left side of the drilling four-way 1. The downhole electromagnetic PWD10, the annulus fluid level monitoring echo meter 48 has a radio signal transmitting function. The signal receiver 43 has a wireless and wired signal receiving function.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the automatic control method of the gas lift reverse circulation drilling system comprises the following steps:
s1, setting pressure release thresholds of an automatic pressure release valve I32 and an automatic pressure release valve II34 on a parameter input module 44 of an automatic control system 39 according to the bearing capacity of wellhead equipment, a gas injection pipeline and a drilling fluid injection pipeline, and inputting stratum pore pressure, stratum collapse pressure, stratum leakage pressure and stratum fracture pressure on the parameter input module 44 according to adjacent well data and prediction data;
s2, the specific steps of gas lift reverse circulation drilling are as follows:
s21, starting an air compressor 27 and a slurry pump 46, driving an upper single-wall drill rod 16 to rotate through a top drive 5, driving a double-wall drill rod 14 to rotate through the upper single-wall drill rod 16, driving a lower single-wall drill rod 12, a drill collar 11 and a drill bit to rotate 9 through the double-wall drill rod 14, and drilling the drill bit 9 into a stratum;
s22, the air compressor 27 generates compressed gas, the compressed gas sequentially enters the rotary blowout preventer 4 through the booster 28, the automatic throttle valve I29, the pressure gauge I30, the flowmeter I31 and the bypass valve 47, high-pressure gas sequentially enters the inner pipe 23 through the side hole A19, the annular space of the inner pipe 17 of the air injection valve and the outer pipe 18 of the air injection valve, the annular space of the double-wall drill pipe 14, the annular space of the inner pipe 23 of the air-water mixer and the outer pipe 25 of the air-water mixer and the side hole B24 under air pressure, and the high-pressure gas lifts drilling fluid in the inner pipe 23 towards the wellhead direction as shown by a single arrow in FIG. 3;
s23, pumping out the drilling fluid in the mud tank 33 by a mud pump 46, sequentially entering the drilling four-way valve 1 through an automatic throttle valve II35, a pressure gauge II36, a flow meter II37, a well killing manifold 38 and a flat valve 50 under the pumping action, blocking the drilling fluid by a gas-water isolation pipe 45, falling to the bottom of the well along the annular space between the well wall and the gas-water isolation pipe 45 and the annular space between the well wall and the outer pipe 22, and then entering the double-wall drill pipe inner pipe 21 through a drill bit 9, a drill collar 11, a lower single-wall drill pipe 12 and a through hole B under the pressure, wherein the double-arrow in FIG. 3 shows the flowing direction of the drilling fluid, and the triple-arrow represents the flowing direction of the gas-liquid mixed fluid;
s24, the lifted drilling fluid sequentially passes through the double-wall drill pipe inner pipe 21, the through hole A, the upper single-wall drill pipe 16, the hose 6, the vertical pipe 7 and the sand discharge pipeline 49, finally enters the vibrating screen 8, enters the slurry tank 33 after being separated, and finally completes gas lift reverse circulation drilling, so that the injected drilling fluid is prevented from flowing into a gap or a karst cave, and further, the waste of the drilling fluid is avoided, and therefore, the reverse circulation drilling mode is particularly suitable for leaking stratum in which cracks and karst cave develop;
s3, in the drilling process of the step S2, monitoring gas injection parameters and drilling fluid injection parameters in real time through a flowmeter I31, a pressure gauge I30, a flowmeter II37 and a pressure gauge II36, monitoring the annular liquid level height in real time through an annular liquid level monitoring echo instrument 48, and monitoring drilling parameters such as bottom hole pressure, drilling fluid flow and the like through a bottom hole electromagnetic MWD 10;
s4, in the drilling process of the step S2, calculating a bottom hole safety pressure window through the computer 41, judging whether the bottom hole pressure monitored by the PWD10 in real time is in the safety pressure window, if not, calculating new gas injection parameters and drilling fluid injection parameters, transmitting signals to the PLC 42, controlling the automatic throttle valve I29 and the automatic throttle valve II35 to adjust, changing the gas injection quantity and the drilling fluid discharge quantity, keeping the bottom hole pressure in the safety pressure window range, and preventing overflow and lost circulation;
s5, in the drilling process of the step S2, the gas injection pressure and the drilling fluid injection pressure are monitored in real time through an automatic control system 39, and when the pressure exceeds a pressure release threshold value, the PLC controller 42 controls the automatic pressure release valve I32 and the automatic pressure release valve II34 to release pressure, so that high-pressure-holding hazards caused by flow channel blockage and the like are prevented;
s6, in the drilling process of the step S2, drilling parameters such as a bottom hole safety pressure window, an annular liquid level, bottom hole pressure, gas injection parameters, drilling fluid injection parameters, automatic throttle opening, automatic pressure release valve opening and closing states and the like are synchronously displayed through the display device 40, and the gas lift reverse circulation drilling dynamics are controlled in real time.
The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, but is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and any person skilled in the art can make some changes or modifications to the equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention, but any simple modification, equivalent changes and modifications to the above-mentioned embodiments according to the technical substance of the present invention are still within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A gas lift reverse circulation drilling system, characterized in that: the well head device comprises a well head device, a return pipeline, a well drilling tool, a gas injection pipeline, a drilling fluid injection pipeline and an automatic control system (39);
the wellhead device comprises a drilling four-way valve (1) arranged at the top of the wellhead, a lifting nipple (2), a flashboard blowout preventer (3) and a rotary blowout preventer (4) are sequentially arranged at the top of the drilling four-way valve (1), an annular liquid level monitoring echo meter (48) is arranged on a bypass valve on the right side of the rotary blowout preventer (4), a gas-water isolation pipe (45) is arranged in the lifting nipple (2), the upper end part of the gas-water isolation pipe (45) is turned outwards and fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the lifting nipple (2), the lower end part of the gas-water isolation pipe (45) penetrates through the drilling four-way valve (1) and extends into a well (51), and bypass valves are arranged on the left side and the right side of the rotary blowout preventer (4);
the return pipeline comprises a top drive (5), a water hose (6), a vertical pipe (7), a sand discharge pipeline (49) and a vibrating screen (8), wherein the water hose (6), the vertical pipe (7) and the sand discharge pipeline (49) are sequentially connected between a liquid outlet of the top drive (5) and an inlet end of the vibrating screen (8);
the well drilling tool comprises a drill bit (9), a downhole electromagnetic PWD (10), a drill collar (11), a lower single-wall drill rod (12), a gas-water mixer (13), a double-wall drill rod (14), a gas injection valve (15) and an upper single-wall drill rod (16), wherein the drill bit (9), the downhole electromagnetic PWD (10), the drill collar, the lower single-wall drill rod (12), the gas-water mixer (13), the double-wall drill rod (14), the gas injection valve (15) and the upper single-wall drill rod (16) are arranged in a well (51) and sequentially connected from bottom to top, and the upper single-wall drill rod (16) extends on a drill floor and is connected with a top drive (5);
the double-wall drill rod (14) comprises an outer pipe (22) and an inner pipe (21), and the inner pipe (21) is axially arranged in the outer pipe (22);
the gas injection valve (15) comprises a gas injection valve inner pipe (17), a gas injection valve outer pipe (18) and a partition plate A (20), wherein the partition plate A (20) is welded in the gas injection valve outer pipe (18), a through hole A is formed in the center of the partition plate A (20), the gas injection valve inner pipe (17) is welded in the through hole A, the upper end part of the gas injection valve inner pipe (17) extends upwards and is in threaded connection with the lower end part of an upper single-wall drill rod (16), the lower end part of the gas injection valve inner pipe (17) is in threaded connection with the upper end part of the inner pipe (21), a plurality of side holes A (19) positioned below the partition plate A (20) are formed in the gas injection valve outer pipe (18), the gas injection valve outer pipe (18) is in threaded connection with the upper end part of the outer pipe (22), the gas injection valve (15) moves in the range of a gas-water isolation pipe (45), the upper end of the gas injection valve (15) and the lower end of the gas-water mixer (13) are equal in diameter with the single-wall drill rod, the lower end of the gas injection valve (15) and the upper end of the gas-water mixer (13) are equal in diameter with the double-wall (14) and the like;
the gas-water mixer (13) comprises a gas-water mixer inner pipe (23), a gas-water mixer outer pipe (25) and a partition plate B (26), wherein the partition plate B (26) is welded in the gas-water mixer outer pipe (25), a through hole B is formed in the center of the partition plate B (26), the gas-water mixer inner pipe (23) is welded in the through hole B, a plurality of side holes B (24) positioned above the partition plate B (26) are formed in the gas-water mixer inner pipe (23), the upper end part of the gas-water mixer inner pipe (23) extends upwards and is in threaded connection with the lower end part of the inner pipe (21), the lower end part of the gas-water mixer inner pipe (23) extends downwards and is in threaded connection with the upper end part of a lower single-wall drill rod (12), the gas-water mixer outer pipe (25) is in threaded connection with the lower end part of the outer pipe (22), and the gas-water mixer (13) sinks below the annular liquid level when in operation;
the gas injection pipeline comprises an air compressor (27), a supercharger (28) and a rotary blowout preventer (4), and an automatic throttle valve I (29), a pressure gauge I (30), a flowmeter I (31) and an automatic pressure relief valve I (32) are sequentially connected between a gas outlet of the supercharger (28) and a left bypass valve of the rotary blowout preventer (4);
the drilling fluid injection pipeline comprises a mud tank (33), a mud pump (46), a well killing manifold (38) and a well drilling four-way valve (1), an automatic pressure relief valve II (34), an automatic throttle valve II (35), a pressure gauge II (36) and a flow meter II (37) are sequentially connected between the mud pump (46) and the inlet end of the well killing manifold (38), and the mud pump (46) is communicated with the mud tank (33) through a pipeline;
the automatic control system (39) comprises a signal receiver (43), a display (40), a parameter input module (44), a PLC (programmable logic controller) 42 and a computer (41), wherein the signal receiver (43), the display (40), the parameter input module (44) and the PLC (42) are respectively connected with the computer (41) in a wired mode;
the signal receiver (43) is connected with the underground electromagnetic PWD (10) and the annular liquid level monitoring echo meter (48) through radio signals, and the signal receiver (43) is connected with the pressure meter I (30), the flow meter I (31), the pressure meter II (36) and the flow meter II (37) through wired electric signals;
the PLC controller (42) is connected with the automatic throttle valve I (29), the automatic pressure relief valve I (32), the automatic throttle valve II (35) and the automatic pressure relief valve II (34) through wired electric signals.
2. A gas lift reverse circulation drilling system according to claim 1, wherein: and the well killing manifold (38) is connected with a flat valve on the left side of the well drilling four-way valve (1).
3. A gas lift reverse circulation drilling system according to claim 1, wherein: the downhole electromagnetic PWD (10) and the annular liquid level monitoring echo meter (48) have a radio signal transmitting function.
4. A gas lift reverse circulation drilling system according to claim 1, wherein: the signal receiver (43) has a wireless and wired signal receiving function.
5. The automatic control method of the gas lift reverse circulation drilling system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the automatic control method is characterized by comprising the following steps: it comprises the following steps:
s1, setting pressure release thresholds of an automatic pressure release valve I (32) and an automatic pressure release valve II (34) on a parameter input module (44) of an automatic control system (39) according to bearing capacity of wellhead equipment, a gas injection pipeline and a drilling fluid injection pipeline, and inputting stratum pore pressure, stratum collapse pressure, stratum leakage pressure and stratum fracture pressure on the parameter input module (44) according to adjacent well data and prediction data;
s2, the specific steps of gas lift reverse circulation drilling are as follows:
s21, starting an air compressor (27) and a slurry pump (46), driving an upper single-wall drill rod (16) to rotate through a top drive (5), driving a double-wall drill rod (14) to rotate through the upper single-wall drill rod (16), and driving a lower single-wall drill rod (12), a drill collar (11) and a drill bit (9) to rotate through the double-wall drill rod (14), wherein the drill bit (9) drills into a stratum;
s22, the air compressor (27) generates compressed gas, the compressed gas sequentially enters the rotary blowout preventer (4) through the booster (28), the automatic throttle valve I (29), the pressure gauge I (30), the flowmeter I (31) and the bypass valve (47), high-pressure gas sequentially enters the inner pipe (21) through the annular space of the side hole A (19), the air injection valve inner pipe (17) and the air injection valve outer pipe (18), the annular space of the double-wall drill pipe (14), the annular space of the air-water mixer inner pipe (23) and the air-water mixer outer pipe (25) and the side hole B (24) under air pressure, and the high-pressure gas lifts drilling fluid in the inner pipe (21) towards the wellhead direction;
s23, pumping out drilling fluid in a mud tank (33) by a mud pump (46), sequentially entering the drilling four-way valve (1) through an automatic throttle valve II (35), a pressure gauge II (36), a flowmeter II (37), a well killing manifold (38) and a flat valve (50) under the action of a pumping pressure, blocking the drilling fluid by a gas-water isolation pipe (45), falling to the bottom of the well along the annular space between a well wall and the gas-water isolation pipe (45) and the annular space between the well wall and an outer pipe (22), and then entering the double-wall drill pipe inner pipe (21) through a drill bit (9), a drill collar (11), a lower single-wall drill pipe (12) and a through hole B in sequence under the pressure;
s24, the lifted drilling fluid sequentially passes through the double-wall drill pipe inner pipe (21), the through hole A, the upper single-wall drill pipe (16), the water hose (6), the vertical pipe (7) and the sand discharge pipeline (49), finally enters the vibrating screen (8), enters the slurry tank (33) after being separated, and finally completes gas lift reverse circulation drilling;
s3, in the drilling process of the step S2, monitoring gas injection parameters and drilling fluid injection parameters in real time through a flowmeter I (31), a pressure gauge I (30), a flowmeter II (37) and a pressure gauge II (36), monitoring the annular liquid level height in real time through an annular liquid level monitoring echo instrument (48), and monitoring the bottom hole pressure and drilling fluid flow drilling parameters in real time through a bottom hole electromagnetic MWD (10);
s4, in the drilling process of the step S2, calculating a bottom hole safety pressure window through a computer (41), judging whether bottom hole pressure monitored by the PWD (10) in real time is in the safety pressure window, if not, calculating new gas injection parameters and drilling fluid injection parameters, transmitting signals to a PLC (42), controlling an automatic throttle valve I (29) and an automatic throttle valve II (35) to adjust, changing gas injection quantity and drilling fluid discharge capacity, and keeping the bottom hole pressure in the safety pressure window range to prevent overflow and lost circulation;
s5, in the drilling process of the step S2, the gas injection pressure and the drilling fluid pressure are monitored in real time through an automatic control system (39), and when the pressure exceeds a pressure release threshold value, the PLC (42) controls the automatic pressure release valve I (32) and the automatic pressure release valve II (34) to release pressure, so that high-pressure-holding hazards caused by flow channel blockage are prevented;
s6, in the drilling process of the step S2, drilling parameters are synchronously displayed through a display (40), wherein the drilling parameters comprise a bottom hole safety pressure window, an annular liquid level, bottom hole pressure, gas injection parameters, drilling fluid injection parameters, automatic throttle opening and automatic relief valve opening and closing states, and gas lift reverse circulation drilling dynamics are controlled in real time.
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| CN111206876B (en) * | 2020-03-16 | 2021-06-08 | 吉林大学 | Top drive gas reverse circulation drilling ground equipment system |
| CN115059422A (en) * | 2022-06-02 | 2022-09-16 | 南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州) | Gas lift non-riser mud recovery simulation test device and method |
| CN115126431B (en) * | 2022-07-14 | 2023-07-21 | 西南石油大学 | Drilling system with continuous gas injection and constant bottom hole pressure control functions and automatic control method |
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