CN108104793A - A kind of marine riser gaslift drilling well flow pattern control method - Google Patents
A kind of marine riser gaslift drilling well flow pattern control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108104793A CN108104793A CN201711207005.1A CN201711207005A CN108104793A CN 108104793 A CN108104793 A CN 108104793A CN 201711207005 A CN201711207005 A CN 201711207005A CN 108104793 A CN108104793 A CN 108104793A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/34—Arrangements for separating materials produced by the well
- E21B43/38—Arrangements for separating materials produced by the well in the well
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
- E21B21/002—Down-hole drilling fluid separation systems
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- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
- E21B43/166—Injecting a gaseous medium; Injecting a gaseous medium and a liquid medium
- E21B43/168—Injecting a gaseous medium
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of marine riser gaslift drilling well flow pattern control methods, it is that Special gas-liquid separator is mounted on specific location among marine riser, when injection gas returns to gas-liquid separation device along marine riser annular space during marine riser gaslift drilling well, so that portion gas returns to drilling platforms after gas-liquid separation along independent exhaust line, so as to significantly reduce the ratio of gas in the marine riser annular space fluid-mixing of top, ensure the fluid-mixing in marine riser annular space always in bubble flow or slug stream mode, the purpose of realization marine riser gaslift safety drilling.Practice have shown that this method does not change existing marine riser gaslift drilling equipment and technique, and constructing operation is simple, structure is reliable and stable, can provide strong technical support for China's ocean deepwater petrol resources exploitation.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to offshore oil drilling field of engineering technology, more particularly to a kind of marine riser gaslift drilling well flow pattern control
Method.
Background technology
As country moves towards the continuous propulsion of the Deep Blue "Oceanic" strategy, drilling well new technology in ocean oil and gas resource exploration exploitation
Develop into one ring of key of national marine strategy.Double-gradient well drilling is narrow to solve ocean deepwater drilling liquid Density Window
Problem and a kind of new pressure control drilling technology gradually to grow up, in China South Sea, East Sea etc., deep water sea areas petroleum resources is rich
Rich area has broad application prospects.
Currently, mainly single gradient well drilling technology that offshore drilling uses.Single gradient well drilling in the wellbore of same size only
There are one fluid column gradient, i.e. bottom pressure is generated by the drilling well head of liquid on sea to shaft bottom, and drilling well head of liquid gradient is equal
Using sea as reference point.In ocean deepwater drilling, since the loose deposit in seabed and seawater column influence, formation pore pressure
Gap (i.e. drilling fluid density window) very little between fracture pressure so that drilling well is extremely difficult.If the drilling fluid used
Density is smaller so that shaft bottom annular space circulation of drilling fluid pressure is less than formation pore pressure, it will and formation fluid is caused to invade pit shaft,
It can trigger well kick, gas blowout accident when serious；If drilling fluid density is excessive, shaft bottom annular space circulation of drilling fluid pressure is more than formation fracture
Pressure can then cause the generation of leakage complex situations.
Double-gradient well drilling is a kind of new pressure control drilling technology to grow up from the nineties in last century, can be solved very well
In ocean deepwater drilling the problem of safe density limit of drilling fluid stenostomia.During using the technology, fluid in seabed more than marine riser annular space
Density is close with density of sea water, and the calculation of pressure of drilling well fluid column is using seabed as reference point so that formation pore pressure and rupture are pressed
Region relatively broadens between power, and well kick, blowout and leakage accident greatly reduce, so as to be conducive to shorten at well construction period and reduction
Manage time and the cost of drilling failure.A kind of realization pattern of the marine riser gaslift drilling well as dual-gradient drilling technology, is to pass through
To be injected into after gas compression in marine riser annular space reduces the density of drilling fluid to realize double-gradient well drilling, has platform
Scrap build is few, without sea bottom complex equipment and can reduce many technical advantages such as 17%~24% deepwater drilling expense.
Theoretical and experimental study show the gas flow injected during marine riser gaslift drilling well into marine riser annular space compared with
Greatly, in addition gas has the characteristics that compressibility, the key problem in technology of marine riser gaslift drilling well success security implementation is gas
Body is controlled along the flow pattern during marine riser annular space uplink and annular space drilling liquid pressure gradient non-linear control problem.Gas injection initial stage
When, since marine riser lower part annular pressure is higher, compressed gas is mainly evenly distributed in the form of minute bubbles in drilling fluid；When
During gas is with drilling fluid uplink, as marine riser annular space drilling well head of liquid reduces, gas will expand, gas-liquid two
Gas proportion will constantly rise in mutually flowing, and fluid-mixing also will appear from by bubble flow, slug flow direction stirring stream, annular flow
Conversion, drilling fluid are taken lithology and can will be decreased obviously, while the pressure control of marine riser annular space drilling fluid will also become extremely unstable
It is fixed, especially when annular flow is reached, it will drilling fluid occur and take that rock is difficult and marine riser annular pressure is difficult to control
The problem of, so as to seriously affect the security implementation of marine riser gaslift double-gradient well drilling.Therefore, in compressed gas along marine riser annular space
When going upward to certain well depth, certain technical measures is taken to separate gas from drilling fluid, keep fluid-mixing as far as possible
State in bubble flow or slug flow becomes one of marine riser gaslift drilling well key issue urgently to be resolved hurrily.
It to sum up analyzes, if it is possible to which the variations in flow patterns of biphase gas and liquid flow effectively in control marine riser gaslift drilling process makes
Biphase gas and liquid flow in marine riser annular space avoids the occurrence of stirring stream, annular flow, it will greatly improves marine riser gaslift drilling process
Middle drilling fluid takes rock and annular pressure control effect, so as to significantly increase the security of marine riser gaslift double-gradient well drilling and fit
The property used.
The content of the invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of marine riser gaslift drilling well flow pattern controlling party
Method, by the way that drilling rod is controlled, always in bubble flow or slug stream mode, to be effectively ensured whole with the fluid-mixing in marine riser annular space
Drilling fluid takes lithology energy and marine riser annular pressure control effect, realization marine riser gaslift peace during a marine riser gaslift drilling well
The purpose of full drilling well.
To achieve the above object, the present invention takes following technical scheme：
First, drilling fluid passes sequentially through drilling rod 1 through the drilling pump on drilling platforms 7, drill bit 6 is pumped to underground, and from well
It is returned between eye and drilling rod 1 on annular space into annular space between drilling rod 1 and marine riser 5；
Then, gas is injected by gas injection pipeline 3 in marine riser annular space through the gas injection equipment on drilling platforms 7, with
Low-density fluid-mixing is formed after the drilling fluid mixed returned up from underground, jointly along between drilling rod 1 and marine riser 5 on annular space
It returns；
Then, when the gas-liquid separation device 2 for being placed in specific location is returned on fluid-mixing, portion gas is through gas-liquid point
After being separated from device 2 drilling platforms 7 is returned to along independent exhaust line 4；
Finally, the fluid-mixing of residual gas and drilling fluid composition remains bubble flow or slug stream mode, continues edge
Platform is returned on annular space between drilling rod 1 and marine riser 5, and realizes and recycles after separation in platform.
The gas-liquid separation device 2 is one or several, is installed between two marine risers, and riding position, which is located at, bores
Bar 1 flows to stirring circulation by slug with gas-liquid mixture fluid in 5 annular space of marine riser and becomes critical sea water advanced.
2 specific riding position H of the gas-liquid separation devicecrIt is calculated by following formula 1：
Hcr=Hw-ΔH (1)
Wherein, HcrThe critical seawater for occurring slug flow direction stirring circulation change for gas-liquid mixture fluid in marine riser annular space is deep
Degree, unit m；HwFor sea water advanced, the unit m of marine riser gaslift wellbore target block；Δ H places position for gas-liquid separation device 2
Put away from seabed it is vertical on distance, unit m；Δ H is mainly obtained by formula (2), formula (3) and formula (4)：
P2=P1-ΔP (3)
Wherein, P1、P2Annular pressure respectively at 2 riding position of seabed and gas-liquid separation device, unit Pa；Δ P is P1
And P2Between annular pressure drop, unit Pa；Eg1、Eg2Annular space void fraction respectively at seabed and riding position, dimensionless；ρg1、
ρg2Annular space gas density respectively at seabed and riding position, units/kg/m3；vg1、vg2Respectively at seabed and riding position
Annular space gas velocity, unit m/s；ρp、νpWith Δ PfAnnular cutting respectively between 2 riding position of gas-liquid separation device and seabed
Averag density, average speed and the frictional resistance pressure consumption of body, unit is respectively kg/m3, m/s and Pa；λ is that the waterpower of marine riser annular space is rubbed
Hinder coefficient, dimensionless；D be marine riser annular space hydraulic radius, unit m；
Above-mentioned each parameter is iterated acquisition by formula (5)~formula (12) respectively：
ρm1=Eg1ρg1+(1-Eg1)ρl, ρm2=Eg2ρg2+(1-Eg2)ρl (9)
vm1=Eg1vg1+(1-Eg1)vl, vm2=Eg2vg2+(1-Eg2)vl (10)
In formula (5)~formula (12), ρlFor density of liquid phase, units/kg/m3；vlFor liquid phase flow rate, unit m/s；ρm1、ρm2Respectively
For the annular space averag density at seabed and riding position, units/kg/m3；vm1、vm2Annular space respectively at seabed and riding position
Average speed, unit m/s；Mg is gas molar quality, unit g/mol, Z1、Z1Annular space respectively at seabed and riding position
Gas Compression Factor；T1、T2Annular space absolute temperature respectively at seabed and riding position, unit K；H is intermediate computations variable；
Tr、PrRespectively relative temperature and relative pressure, dimensionless.
Annular chamber is set between the gas-liquid separation device 2 is included after outer barrel 202, inner cylinder 210 and the two are set with
Helical duct 203, in 203 bottom of helical duct and top, drilling fluid inlet 209 and drilling fluid outlet 201 are set respectively,
The top of outer barrel 202 and the bottom of inner cylinder 210 are respectively equipped with the top coordinated with 1 rotatory sealing of drilling rod along central shaft and seal
Structure 207 and sealed bottom structure 206；The many gas vents arranged along helical duct 203 are equipped on 210 barrel of inner cylinder
204, each gas vent 204 is connected inside and outside inner cylinder 210, and 210 inside of inner cylinder is air collecting chamber 205, and 205 top of air collecting chamber is set
Gas vent 208.
The helical duct 203 is rectangular thread, using dextrorotation single head entity shape spiral, 17~25 ° of lead angle, screw thread
15~20mm of section width, 120~200mm of screw pitch, 25~30mm of spiral groove depth.
The inner cylinder 210, outer barrel 202 and helical duct 203 are integrally machined using monoblock type；The air collecting chamber
Gas absorption and liquid barrier materials are set in 205.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows a kind of marine riser gaslift drilling well flow pattern control method is provided, can greatly improve every
Drilling fluid takes lithology energy and marine riser annular pressure control effect in water pipe gaslift drilling process, significantly increases marine riser gaslift
The security and applicability of double-gradient well drilling, while do not change existing marine riser gaslift drilling equipment and technique, constructing operation letter
List, structure are reliable and stable, convenient for field conduct.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is embodiment schematic diagram of the present invention in ocean deepwater drilling construction
Fig. 2 is the structure diagram of gas-liquid separation device
Fig. 3 is the structure diagram in gas-liquid separation device shell portion cross section
Fig. 4 is the structure diagram of gas-liquid separation device helical duct
In figure：1- drilling rods；2- gas-liquid separation devices；3- gas injection pipelines；4- exhaust lines；5- marine risers；6- drill bits；7- is bored
Well platform；201- drilling fluid outlets；202- outer barreies；203- helical ducts；204- gas vents；205- air collecting chambers；206- bottoms
Sealing structure；Sealing structure at the top of 207-；208- gas vents；209- drilling fluid inlets；210- inner cylinders.
Specific embodiment
With reference to Figure of description, the present invention will be further described.
Referring to the drawings shown in 1, the technological process of the present embodiment：
First, drilling fluid passes sequentially through drilling rod 1 through the drilling pump on drilling platforms 7, drill bit 6 is pumped to underground, and from well
It is returned between eye and drilling rod 1 on annular space into annular space between drilling rod 1 and marine riser 5；Then, gas is through the note on drilling platforms 7
Gas equipment is injected by gas injection pipeline 3 in marine riser annular space, low close with being formed after the drilling fluid mixed that underground is returned up
Fluid-mixing is spent, jointly along being returned between drilling rod 1 and marine riser 5 on annular space；Then, returned on fluid-mixing and be placed in specific position
During the gas-liquid separation device 2 at place, portion gas returns to drilling platforms after the separation of gas-liquid separation device 2 along independent exhaust line 4
7；Finally, residual gas and drilling fluid composition fluid-mixing remain bubble flow or slug stream mode, continue along drilling rod 1 with
Platform is returned on annular space between marine riser 5, and realizes and recycles after separation in platform.
As shown in Figure 1, gas-liquid separation device 2 of the present invention should be installed between two marine risers, in marine riser gas
With in marine riser 5 together tripping in seawater before act drilling well；Its riding position is located at drilling rod 1 and gas-liquid mixed stream in 5 annular space of marine riser
Body flows to stirring circulation by slug and becomes critical sea water advanced, places the quantity mainly flow pattern in 5 annular space of marine riser
Situation, to avoid being formed, stirring is flowed, annular flow is determined for principle.
2 specific riding position H of the gas-liquid separation devicecrIt can be calculated by following formula (1)：
Hcr=Hw-ΔH (1)
Wherein, HcrThe critical seawater for occurring slug flow direction stirring circulation change for gas-liquid mixture fluid in marine riser annular space is deep
Degree, unit m；HwFor sea water advanced, the unit m of marine riser gaslift wellbore target block；Δ H places position for gas-liquid separation device 2
Put away from seabed it is vertical on distance, unit m.Δ H is mainly obtained by formula (2), formula (3) and formula (4)：
P2=P1-ΔP (3)
Wherein, P1、P2Annular pressure respectively at 2 riding position of seabed and gas-liquid separation device, unit Pa；Δ P is P1
And P2Between annular pressure drop, unit Pa；Eg1、Eg2Annular space void fraction respectively at seabed and riding position, dimensionless；ρg1、
ρg2Annular space gas density respectively at seabed and riding position, units/kg/m3；vg1、vg2Respectively at seabed and riding position
Annular space gas velocity, unit m/s；ρp、νpWith Δ PfAnnular cutting respectively between 2 riding position of gas-liquid separation device and seabed
Averag density, average speed and the frictional resistance pressure consumption of body, unit is respectively kg/m3, m/s and Pa；λ is that the waterpower of marine riser annular space is rubbed
Hinder coefficient, dimensionless；D be marine riser annular space hydraulic radius, unit m.Above-mentioned each parameter respectively by formula (5)~formula (12) into
Row iteration obtains：
ρm1=Eg1ρg1+(1-Eg1)ρl, ρm2=Eg2ρg2+(1-Eg2)ρl (9)
vm1=Eg1vg1+(1-Eg1)vl, vm2=Eg2vg2+(1-Eg2)vl (10)
In formula (5)~formula (12), ρlFor density of liquid phase, units/kg/m3；vlFor liquid phase flow rate, unit m/s；ρm1、ρm2Respectively
For the annular space averag density at seabed and riding position, units/kg/m3；vm1、vm2Annular space respectively at seabed and riding position
Average speed, unit m/s；Mg is gas molar quality, unit g/mol, Z1、Z1Annular space respectively at seabed and riding position
Gas Compression Factor；T1、T2Annular space absolute temperature respectively at seabed and riding position, unit K；H is intermediate computations variable；
Tr、PrRespectively relative temperature and relative pressure, dimensionless.
2~Fig. 4 referring to the drawings, marine riser gaslift drilling well gas-liquid separation device 2 of the present invention, respectively in inner cylinder
210 top and bottom set top sealing structures 207 and sealed bottom structure 206, to prevent drilling fluid and institute's gas injection body
Fluid-mixing enters the mating surface gap between drilling rod 1 and inner cylinder 210；Inner cylinder 210 is provided with from bottom to top along around
Regularly arranged gas vent 204, and air collecting chamber 205 is set in 204 inside of gas vent；Set in air collecting chamber 205 gas absorption and
Liquid barrier materials, 205 top of air collecting chamber set gas vent 208；Helical duct is set between inner cylinder 210 and outer barrel 202
203, and drilling fluid inlet 209 and outlet 201 are set in the bottom of helical duct 203 and top respectively.
As shown in Fig. 2, 2 operation principle of gas-liquid separation device of the present invention：During marine riser gaslift drilling well, work as drilling well
When returning to 2 bottom of gas-liquid separation device on the low density flow that liquid is mixed to form with institute's gas injection body, fluid-mixing passes through drilling fluid
Import 209 is into helical duct 203 and starts high-speed screw rising flowing, under the effect of high speed rotary centrifugal force, drilling fluid master
The outside of helical duct 203 is distributed in, and the gas of lighter weight is then distributed in 203 inside of helical duct, and pass through row
Stomata 204 is adsorbed into the low pressure air collecting chamber 205 equipped with absorption and liquid barrier materials, and then gas rises to gas along air collecting chamber 205
Body outlet 208 finally returns to drilling platforms 7 through independent exhaust line 4, and the continuation of the fluid-mixing containing residual gas is led to along spiral
Road 203 rises to drilling fluid outlet 201, so as to fulfill efficiently separating for drilling fluid and institute's gas injection body.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of marine riser gaslift drilling well flow pattern control method, it is characterised in that：Including below scheme：
First, drilling fluid passes sequentially through drilling rod (1) through the drilling pump on drilling platforms (7), drill bit (6) is pumped to underground, and from
It is returned between wellbore and drilling rod (1) on annular space into annular space between drilling rod (1) and marine riser (5)；
Then, gas is injected by gas injection pipeline (3) in marine riser annular space through the gas injection equipment on drilling platforms (7), with
Low-density fluid-mixing is formed after the drilling fluid mixed returned up from underground, jointly along annular space between drilling rod (1) and marine riser (5)
On return；
Then, when gas-liquid separation device (2) for being placed in specific location are returned on fluid-mixing, portion gas is through gas-liquid separation
After device (2) separation drilling platforms (7) is returned to along independent exhaust line (4)；
Finally, the fluid-mixing of residual gas and drilling fluid composition remains bubble flow or slug stream mode, continues along drilling rod
(1) platform is returned on the annular space between marine riser (5), and realizes and recycle after separation in platform.
2. a kind of marine riser gaslift drilling well flow pattern control method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The gas-liquid
Separator (2) is one or several, is installed between two marine risers, riding position is located at drilling rod (1) and marine riser (5)
Gas-liquid mixture fluid flows to the critical sea water advanced of stirring circulation change by slug in annular space.
3. a kind of marine riser gaslift drilling well flow pattern control method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The gas-liquid separation
The specific riding position H of device (2)crIt is calculated by following formula (1)：
Hcr=Hw-ΔH (1)
Wherein, HcrThere is slug flow direction stirring circulation for gas-liquid mixture fluid in marine riser annular space and become critical sea water advanced, it is single
Position m；HwFor sea water advanced, the unit m of marine riser gaslift wellbore target block；Δ H is 2 riding position of gas-liquid separation device away from sea
The upward distance of dolly, unit m；Δ H is mainly obtained by formula (2), formula (3) and formula (4)：
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Above-mentioned each parameter is iterated acquisition by formula (5)~formula (12) respectively：
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ρm1=Eg1ρg1+(1-Eg1)ρl, ρm2=Eg2ρg2+(1-Eg2)ρl (9)
vm1=Eg1vg1+(1-Eg1)vl, vm2=Eg2vg2+(1-Eg2)vl (10)
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In formula (5)~formula (12), ρlFor density of liquid phase, units/kg/m3；vlFor liquid phase flow rate, unit m/s；ρm1、ρm2It is respectively extra large
Annular space averag density at bottom and riding position, units/kg/m3；vm1、vm2Annular space respectively at seabed and riding position is averaged
Speed, unit m/s；Mg is gas molar quality, unit g/mol, Z1、Z1Annular space gas respectively at seabed and riding position
Compressibility factor；T1、T2Annular space absolute temperature respectively at seabed and riding position, unit K；H is intermediate computations variable；Tr、Pr
Respectively relative temperature and relative pressure, dimensionless.
4. a kind of marine riser gaslift drilling well flow pattern control method according to claim 1 or 2,3, it is characterised in that：It is described
Gas-liquid separation device (2) include outer barrel (202), inner cylinder (210) and the two suit after between annular chamber set spiral
Passage (203) sets drilling fluid inlet (209) and drilling fluid outlet (201) respectively in helical duct (203) bottom and top,
It is respectively equipped with what is coordinated with drilling rod (1) rotatory sealing along central shaft at the top of outer barrel (202) and the bottom of inner cylinder (210)
Top sealing structure (207) and sealed bottom structure (206)；It is equipped with along helical duct (203) and arranges on inner cylinder (210) barrel
Many gas vents (204) of row, each gas vent (204) connection inner cylinder (210) is inside and outside, is gas collection inside inner cylinder (210)
Chamber (205), air collecting chamber (205) top set gas vent (208).
5. a kind of marine riser gaslift drilling well flow pattern control method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：The spiral is led to
Road (203) is rectangular thread, using dextrorotation single head entity shape spiral, 17~25 ° of lead angle, thread profile width 15~
20mm, 120~200mm of screw pitch, 25~30mm of spiral groove depth.
6. a kind of marine riser gaslift drilling well flow pattern control method according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：The inner cylinder
(210), outer barrel (202) and helical duct (203) are integrally machined using monoblock type；It is set in the air collecting chamber (205)
Gas absorption and liquid barrier materials.
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| CN110608005A (en) * | 2019-10-10 | 2019-12-24 | 西南石油大学 | Gas-lift reverse circulation drilling system and automatic control method |
| CN111119799A (en) * | 2020-01-21 | 2020-05-08 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Natural gas hydrate exploitation device and method |
| CN112081575A (en) * | 2020-09-10 | 2020-12-15 | 西南石油大学 | Multi-field coupling coal bed gas well surrounding rock deformation visual simulation device and method |
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