RU53320U1 - CASCADE FILTER SYSTEM - Google Patents

Abstract

The cascade filtering system, which is part of the sewage treatment plants, is intended for mechanical, biological and biogenic wastewater treatment in a volume of up to 500 m3, without the use of an electric drive. The cleaning line of this filter system contains cascaded: primary sump, filters, secondary sump, i.e. sumps and filters are installed in such a way that each subsequent sump or filter is lowered a level lower than the previous one. Also, this filtering system contains sludge pads (for dewatering and removal of excessively activated sludge - sludge is removed from the sludge pads and then composted) and sludge pipelines connected to the primary settling tanks, with filters, and secondary settling tanks through valves that open in the silt wells. Filters and a sludge platform are made in the form of tanks, with cassettes installed inside and filled with filter material. The technical result of the proposed technical solution is that: there are no pumps in the system, and as a result, the low cost of this filtering system. Due to this, the system is simplified, its reliability is increased, because the flow of water in it moves by gravity. In the system, both mechanical and biological and biogenic wastewater treatment takes place through a system of filters filled with various filter materials. Due to the additional installation of sludge pads made in the form of tanks filled with boiler slag or expanded clay water, and the method of connecting the filters, the effluents enriched with oxygen are purified from nitrates and nitrites, putrefactive bacteria and phosphates, etc., and on sludge pads sludge accumulates, used later as a fertilizer.

Description

The cascade filtering system, which is part of the sewage treatment plants, is intended for mechanical, biological and biogenic wastewater treatment in a volume of up to 500 m3, without the use of an electric drive.

Known filter systems included in treatment facilities (see. Collection “Sewerage”, fifth edition, revised and supplemented, M. “Stroyizdat”, 1975), (“Handbook of hydraulic calculations of water supply and sewage systems”, Leningrad, “Leningradskoye” Department of Stroyizdat ”, 1973) using mechanical, aerobic biological treatment, including sedimentation tanks, digesters, aeration tanks and septic tanks.

The disadvantages of the known devices are: cumbersome design, the complexity of the cleaning process, high complexity and high capital costs for their installation and operation.

The closest analogue of the claimed device is a filter system in a small sewage system, protected by RF patent No. 2090709 E 03 F 5/14, E 03 F 11/00.

The installation is intended for the treatment of household and fecal wastewater from individual buildings with a number of 6-10 people living. The installation includes a steel tank with attached inlet and outlet pipelines. A removable basket (cassette) with a mesh bottom made of stainless steel is placed in the tank, into which three replaceable filters are successively stacked:

with activated carbon

with sawdust

with quartz sand.

Between the mesh bottom of the basket and the bottom of the tank there is a space for collecting filtered wastewater. The unit has natural ventilation.

The disadvantages of the prototype are: low productivity and low degree of purification.

The inventive cascade filter system can consist of two cleaning lines: working and standby. The backup line allows wastewater treatment during repair, or reloading of capacitive filter cartridges, and cleaning of the settling tanks of the working line.

The cleaning line of this filtering system contains, interconnected by pipes: primary sump, filters filled with various filtering materials, secondary sump, sludge pad

(sedimentation tanks, filters, and silt platform are installed in such a way that each subsequent tank in the line is lowered a level lower than the previous one, that is, it is cascaded).

There is also a sludge pipeline connecting the sludge platform with the primary sump, with filters, with a secondary sump through sludge wells, each of which has a valve. As necessary, the valves in the wells open, and the sludge through them goes down to the sludge site.

The primary sump is a tank divided by a frontal partition, where there may be a tray for draining oil and grease into the oil well. Then an oil well is installed in the line. The primary sump has an inlet and outlet for passing the cleaned wastewater and an outlet connected to the sludge pipe through which sludge is discharged when the sump is cleaned.

Filters are made in the form of tanks with one inlet and one outlet for passing the cleaned wastewater, and an outlet connected to the sludge pipe. Mesh cassettes are installed inside the filter tanks, raised above the bottom of the tank, the resulting gap is designed to collect sludge and treated effluents. The mesh filter cassettes are filled with filter material, such as crushed stone, expanded clay, gravel, shavings, activated carbon, rubber waste, sand. In filters, inlet and outlet openings are located on opposite walls at the upper and lower edges, or vice versa.

In the line, sedimentation tanks and filters located next to each other are installed so that either walls with holes at the top are either adjacent, or walls with holes at the bottom.

The secondary sump is similar in design to the primary sump, only without a tray for draining oil and grease into the oil well. The secondary sump has an inlet and an outlet connected to the sludge pipe, which is closed by a valve.

The sludge platform is made in the form of a tank with mesh cassettes inserted inside, raised above the bottom of the tank and filled with filter material. At the top of the cassettes is an inlet connected to the sludge pipe, and an outlet located below the cassettes has a connection to the outlet into the pond.

The holes located on the top of the walls of the filter tanks are located above the upper level of the filter cassettes, which ensures a rupture of the jet

in filters located through the stage, and as a result - oxygen saturation of the jet of the liquid being cleaned.

Primary and secondary sedimentation tanks, sludge pits and filters are made in the form of tanks with natural ventilation for constant saturation of filtered effluents with oxygen - there are ventilation holes in the upper parts of the tanks.

The primary settler is connected to the inlet pipe through an inlet located at the lower edge, and through an outlet located at the upper edge, is connected to the first filter, the inlet of which is located at the upper edge. In adjacent filters, the walls of the tanks are arranged so that either the walls of the tanks with holes at the top are installed nearby, or the walls of the tanks with holes at the bottom. The outlet of the first filter and the inlet of the second filter are located at the lower edges of the walls of the tanks, the outlet of the second and filter and the inlet of the third filter are located at the upper edges, etc.

The last filter through the outlet is connected to the inlet of the secondary sump, and the connection can be through the well of treated effluents, then, through the outlet can be connected to the next well of treated effluents and then with the outlet from which the effluents enter the reservoir, or directly with release into the pond.

In the system, sewage treatment wells are designed to control the quality of effluents.

The technical result of the proposed technical solution is that:

that there are no pumps in the system, due to this the system is simplified, its reliability is increased, as a result - the low cost of this filter system, determined by its cascade design, i.e. the flow of water in it moves by gravity;

that, mechanical wastewater treatment is carried out through a system of filters filled with various filter materials,

that, biological and biogenic wastewater treatment is carried out, due to their saturation with oxygen when passing through filters. In this case, the wastewater is purified from nitrates and nitrites, putrefactive bacteria and phosphates, etc. Saturation of wastewater with oxygen is ensured due to the different direction of movement of the treated water: either from top to bottom or from bottom to top, due to the installation of filters so that adjacent filter tanks are turned to each other by walls with openings located either above or below;

that due to the installation of sludge pads made in the form of tanks having an inlet located above and an outlet located below the mesh cassettes with filtering material - slag or expanded clay, the sewage is additionally cleaned of sludge.

In the drawings — FIG. 1 — cascade filtering system — side view; Figure 2 - cascade filtering system - top view, Figure 3 - design of the primary sump; Figure 4 - filter design; Figure 5 - design of the silt site; 6 is a design of a secondary sump, where:

1 - Primary sedimentation tanks of the working and reserve lines.

1.1 - frontal partition; 1.2 - a tray in the primary settler of the working and reserve line; 1.3 - drain pipe from the tray in the primary sump of the working and standby lines;

1.4 - inlet; 1.5 - outlet; 1.6 - ventilation windows;

1.7 - connection to the sludge pipeline.

2 - Secondary sedimentation tanks of the working and reserve lines:

2.1 - frontal partition; 2.2 - inlet; 2.3 - outlet; 2.4 - ventilation windows; 2.5 - connection to the sludge pipeline.

3 - Silt pipelines.

4 - Silt sites:

4.1 - ventilation windows; 4.2 - cassette; 4.3 - the space between the cassette and the bottom; 4.4 - inlet - connection to the sludge pipeline;

4.5 - outlet; 4.6 - tank.

5 - Issue.

6 - Filters F1-FN:

6.1 - reservoir; 6.2 - cassette; 6.3 - space between the cartridge and the bottom;

6.4 - inlet; 6.5 - outlet;

6.6 - connection to the sludge pipeline.

6.7 - ventilation window;

7 - Silt wells.

8 - Pressure sewer well.

9 - Oil well.

10 - Well of treated effluents.

Treatment facilities, which include the inventive cascade filtering system, operate as follows. The pumping station available in the village through the pressure collector (not shown in the drawing) collects and

pumps household wastewater to the highest point of the relief in the pressure sewer well 8. Then, the sewage collected in well 8 by gravity flows into the primary settler 1, where the heaviest and largest suspensions are deposited to the bottom of the settler. In the upper part of the side surface of the primary sump 1 there is an outlet 1.5 connected by a pipe to the filter inlet F1. The effluents fall into the upper part of the filter tank F1 and with a rupture of the jet fall into the cartridge 6.2 with filtering material - gravel fractions 20-40, where large inorganic and organic particles are retained. In the lower part of the filter F1, by means of activated sludge, a biological wastewater treatment process occurs - nitrification with the absorption of oxygen from water. Further, partially cleaned effluents pass through the outlet 6.5 located in the lower part of the filter tank F1 and enter through the inlet 6.4 in the lower part of the filter tank F2. In the filter F2, wastewater passing through wood shavings is cleaned of greasy contaminants (the direction of movement of wastewater in the filter is from the bottom up). Then, having partially cleaned effluents entering the F3 filter (the direction of movement of wastewater in the filter is from top to bottom), with a jet breaking (in order to enrich oxygen from the air), the effluents enter a cassette with activated carbon. Passing through a layer of activated carbon, the effluents are cleaned of colloidal organic and inorganic contaminants, surfactants. Once in the bottom of the filter F3, the effluent, through the activated sludge located there, passes the second part of the biological treatment. Then, passing through the outlet F3, the effluent enters the filter F4, where as a filter material - waste rubber production. Passing through the filter F4 (the direction of movement of wastewater in the filter is from the bottom up), the effluents are freed from excessively activated sludge and residues of organic and inorganic pollution. Further, through the inlet of the filter F5 drains, with a jet break, trapping oxygen from the air, pass through expanded clay. The effluents enriched with oxygen are purified from nitrates and nitrites, putrefactive bacteria, phosphates. Further, the effluent through the pipeline from the outlet of the F5 filter enters the secondary sump 2, which is a standard bio pond, where through photosynthesis, through algae, water is enriched with oxygen.

Further, through the outlet, with a rupture of the jet, (for a more complete saturation with oxygen), the effluents descend into the reservoir. The number of filters is set by calculation based on the volume of wastewater and the degree of pollution. Wastewater treated in the inventive treatment facilities corresponds to the maximum permissible concentration for discharge into fisheries.

Execution example. The cascade filtering system is a part of wastewater treatment plants, designed for mechanical, biological and biogenic wastewater treatment in a volume of up to 500 m3, without the use of an electric drive. The height difference between the highest and lowest points of the filter system is about 4 m.

The system has a primary sump, made in the form of a metal tank, separated by a frontal partition on which there is an oil collection tray having an inlet, an outlet, ventilation windows, a connection to a sludge pipe, a connection to an oil well. There are five filters connected to the sludge pipe, made in the form of tanks with ventilation windows, made of sheet steel, with cassettes installed inside. Cassettes are made of angular steel 50 × 50 mm, 4 mm thick and are fitted with a netting net. The cassette of the first filter is filled with gravel fractions 20-40. The cassettes of the following filters are filled with the following filtering materials: activated carbon, sawdust, quartz sand, rubber waste, activated carbon.

The secondary settling tanks of the working and reserve lines are rectangular tanks made similarly to the primary settling tanks, but without a tray for collecting oil, also having connections to the sludge pipeline.

Silt sites are arranged from a metal tank, with cassettes installed inside, filled with filtering material - boiler slag.

The cascade filter system is cleaned once every 6 months.

Filter materials can then be used as building material. Sludge from sludge pads and a secondary sump is used as fertilizer.

These treatment facilities provide for laboratory monitoring of the quality of effluents. In case of unsatisfactory results of laboratory tests, a transition to a backup line with the replacement of filter materials in the production line is provided.

For each locality, a working draft is developed based on the volume of wastewater.

Claims (4)

1. The filter system, which includes a supply pipe and an outlet, a filter in the form of a tank with a cartridge installed in it, filled with filter materials, the tank is made with natural ventilation, and there is a gap between the bottom and the cartridge, characterized in that the filter system further comprises silt platform made in the form of a tank with inlet and outlet openings and with cartridges with filter material installed in the tank, silt wells, silt piping, primary and secondary sumps made in the form of tanks with inlet and outlet openings, as well as a sludge outlet, between which there are several interconnected filters, additionally having sludge outlet openings, and the primary sump, filters, and the secondary sump are cascaded and connected to the sludge platform sludge pipe through sludge wells in which installed valves, and the connection to the sludge pipe is located below the cartridge with filter material, while the filters are made so that the inlet and outlet openings of the filters are located on opposite walls of the tanks at the upper and lower edges of the walls, or vice versa, and the holes at the upper edge on the walls of the tanks are located above the cassettes with filter material, at the lower edge under the cassettes, the inlet pipe is connected to the inlet the opening of the primary sump located at the lower edge of the wall, and the outlet of the primary sump located at the upper edge of the wall is connected to the inlet of the first filter, p located at the upper edge of the wall, and further the filters are installed so that the adjacent filter tanks are turned to each other by walls, on which the holes are located either above or below, the primary and secondary sedimentation tanks, silt pads and filters are made in the form of tanks with natural ventilation, the inlet of the secondary sump is configured to connect to it the outlet of the last filter, the outlet of the secondary sump and the outlet of the sludge pad ineny with the release. 2. The cascade filter system according to claim 1, characterized in that it consists of several cleaning lines connected in parallel. 3. The cascade filter system according to claim 1, characterized in that the line additionally has a well for draining oil and fats, and the primary sump is a reservoir separated by a frontal partition and a tray for draining oil and fats, connected to this well. 4. The cascade filtering system according to claim 1, characterized in that it further has wells of treated effluents.