RU52360U1 - SYSTEM FOR PRODUCTION OF PRODUCTS FROM BULK MATERIALS AND POLYMERIC WASTE - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the production of building products from bulk materials, polymer waste and dyes and can be used to obtain tile roofing materials, chemically resistant floor coverings, etc. The system includes devices for crushing polymer waste, drying and sieving sand, regenerating polymer waste, heating and mixing components of the products into a homogeneous mass and a hydraulic press with a mold to obtain finished products. To control the stages of obtaining building products, a microcontroller is used. By controlling the stages of preparation of polymer waste, sand and the production of composites and adjusting the temperature regimes by stages, we obtain products with high quality. Using polymer wastes and sand mixtures of metallurgical and chemical industries, we improve the ecology of the environment and reduce the cost of obtaining finished products. Tests have shown the effectiveness of the system. The resulting tile is 1.6 times cheaper than ceramic. The economic effect is up to 1.7 million rubles per year.

Description

The alleged invention relates to the production of building materials from bulk materials and polymer waste and can be used to obtain tiles, paving and facing tiles, chemically resistant floor coverings, etc.

A known method of production of building products, which uses a system for the manufacture of building products from bulk materials and polymer waste. The system includes devices for crushing polymer materials with a sand heater, interconnected by technological lines, and also includes a mold for finished products with a conveyor line for supplying products to the warehouse. (RF 94008420, A1, IPC 7 C 04 V 26/00, 1995 )

The disadvantage of the system is the inefficiency of its operation due to the lack of control and management tools and the imperfection of the sand heater device.

Closest to the Invention

is a system for the manufacture of products from bulk materials and polymer waste, containing devices for crushing polymer waste and heating sand, a mixer of sand and polymer mass, a hydraulic press with a mold of finished products, interconnected by appropriate production lines. To monitor and control the processes, sand temperature sensors, sand and polymer mixes, electrical controllers are used

devices that are connected by inputs and outputs to a computing device.

(Pat. RF No. 2185959, 7 V 28 V 15/00, 3/00, C 04 V 26/00, 2002).

The disadvantage of the system is the limited scope of its application due to poor preparation of components of manufactured products (polymer mass, sand) and the lack of control at the stages of obtaining finished products, which ultimately reduces their quality.

The objective of the proposed invention is to expand the scope of the system and improve the quality of the resulting products.

The problem is solved in that the known system

for the manufacture of products from bulk materials and polymer waste, containing a device for crushing polymer waste with a polymer waste feed line, a hydraulic press with a finished product mold connected to a product supply line to a warehouse and a computing device connected to a temperature sensor for a mixture of polymer waste and sand and an electric control device on a hydraulic press with a mold, further comprises devices for drying and sifting sand with a temperature sensor, regeneration of limernyh waste with temperature sensors in two zones, the heating and mixing of product components into a homogeneous mass with temperature sensors in two zones; the first exit of the polymer waste crushing device is connected to the input of the polymer waste regeneration device, the output of which is connected to the second input of the polymer waste crushing device, the second output of which is connected to the first input of the heating and mixing components of the products into a homogeneous mass, the second input of which is connected to the output of the device for drying and sifting sand, connected by the input to the sand supply line and the output of the device

heating and mixing the components of the products into a homogeneous mass is connected to the inlet of the hydraulic press with the mold of the finished product. In addition, the temperature sensors of the device for drying and sifting sand, regenerating polymer waste and heating and mixing the components of the products into a homogeneous mass are connected by electric communication lines to the inputs of the computing device, the outputs of which are connected by communication lines with electrical control devices installed respectively on the drying and sifting sand, regeneration of polymer waste and heating and mixing the components of the products into a homogeneous mass.

The set of known devices and the proposed system using additional devices for preparing components upon receipt of products with sensors for monitoring the temperature conditions of the stages of preparation of mixtures and obtaining finished products gives the system new properties that allow us to conclude that the proposed technical solution meets the criteria of the invention.

Studies of the production of building materials (tiles, tiles) showed that polymer-sand

products have an advantage over similar ceramic products. Raw materials can be polymer wastes - “soft” (HDPE, LDPE), “hard” (ABS, PET, polystyrene waste), another component is sand, which is extracted from sand mixtures of metallurgical and chemical industries in large quantities, and the use of iron oxide pigments allows you to change the color scheme, which attracts the consumer. At the same time, the raw materials used must be prepared to obtain high quality composites. This is achieved by the use of appropriate equipment with monitoring and control systems for the main stages of the production of building materials.

Schematic diagram of a system for the manufacture of products from bulk materials and polymer waste is shown in the drawing and includes elements 1-20.

1 - a device for crushing polymer waste;

2 - a device for drying and screening sand;

3 - a device for the recovery of polymer waste;

4 - a device for heating and mixing the components of the products into a homogeneous mass.

5 - a hydraulic press with a mold of finished products.

Devices 1-5 are connected by technological lines of raw materials and finished products (ducts, pipelines, conveyors), including:

6 - line supply of polymer waste for crushing;

7 - line supply of polymer waste for regeneration;

8 - polymer ingot feed line;

9 - feed line of crushed polymer waste;

10 - sand supply line;

11 - feed line of purified sand;

12 - line supply of polymer waste and sand;

13 - line for supplying products to the warehouse. Temperature sensors are used to monitor the temperature conditions of the stages of processing of raw materials and obtain finished products.

14 - sand temperature sensor;

15, 16 - temperature sensors for the recovery of polymer waste in two zones (two sensors in each zone);

17, 18 - temperature sensors for heating and mixing components in two zones (two sensors in each zone);

19 - temperature sensor of a mixture of polymer waste and sand;

To control the technological stages of processing and obtaining finished products is used

a computing device (microcontroller) 20, which is connected by electrical communication lines at the input to temperature sensors 14-19 and at the output to electrical control devices installed on devices for drying and sifting sand 2, regeneration of polymer waste 3, heating and mixing components into a homogeneous mass 4 and a hydraulic press with a mold of finished products 5. The drawing conventionally shows one communication bus at the inputs of the sensors and one communication bus at the outputs of the signals of the electrical control devices with a calculator th device 20.

The system operates as follows. Polymer waste through line 6 is fed into the device for crushing polymer waste 1 for primary processing. Waste loading is carried out with the electric motor switched on with the hopper filling at least 1/4 of its volume. Then, after preliminary grinding, the polymer waste is fed through line 7 to the polymer waste recovery device 2, where the waste is formed into polymer ingots (fractions from 1-40 to 1-70 mm in size). For this, the waste is preheated in a chamber to a temperature of 180-200 ° FROM.

The temperature is controlled by sensors 15 and 16 and included at the command of computing device 20 into the screw of the device for the recovery of polymer waste 2. Crushed polymers are fed in the ratio of 70% "soft" and 30% "hard" (± 3%). They are heated to the melting temperature, which is controlled by sensors 15, 16 (the second pair of sensors) and regulated by zones. The obtained polymer ingots are cooled and returned via line 8 to the crushing device for polymer materials 1, where the ingots are crushed into coarse grains.

Thus, a full cycle of polymer waste processing is carried out. Then, coarse-grained polymers through line 9 are sent to a device for heating and mixing product components into a homogeneous mass 4, where sand is also fed. The preparation of sand supplied through line 10 is carried out in a device for drying and sieving sand 2. For this, the sand is preheated in a chamber (using a heating element) to a temperature of 260 ° C. The temperature is monitored by a sensor 14 and included in the operation of the screw by the command of the computing device 20. The process of drying and sieving sand (removal of large fractions) is carried out

continuously. The required amount of sand is controlled by level (the sensor is conventionally not shown), or visually. Purified sand at a temperature of 300 ° C is sent along line 11 to a device for heating and mixing product components into a homogeneous mass 4, where coarse-grained polymer grains are also fed via line 9. Preparation of a homogeneous mass for molding is as follows. Pre-heated to a temperature of 270 ° C (using TENA) its chamber. The temperature is monitored by sensors 17 and 18 and, upon the command of computing device 20, the screw is turned on. Then, components are loaded in a predetermined ratio (for example, per 1 m ^{2 of} product: 5 kg of polymer, 12 kg of sand and 0.15 kg of dye). The process of heating and mixing the components is carried out continuously. The temperature is controlled by sensors 17 and 18 (second pair of sensors) and regulated in two zones. The number of components is controlled by level (the sensor is not shown conditionally), or visually. The resulting homogeneous mass with a temperature of 190 ° C (the temperature is monitored by the sensor 19) is then sent along line 12 to a hydraulic press with a mold of finished products 5, where it is made by command from a computer

devices 20 forming heated masses (conventionally heating devices and sensors are not shown) into a finished product, which is sent via line 13 to the finished goods warehouse.

Thus, by monitoring and controlling devices for crushing, regenerating polymer waste, drying and sifting sand, and heating and mixing components into a homogeneous mass, we increase the efficiency of the system and the production of polymer-sand products in general. By controlling and increasing the accuracy of temperature control by stages, we achieve products with high quality, using dyes we expand the scope of their application. Using polymer wastes and sand mixtures from metallurgical and chemical industries, we dispose of them, improve the environment and reduce production costs. Comparative tests with similar industries showed that polymer-sand tiles are 1.6 times cheaper than ceramic tiles and correspond to Gost. Implementation of a system for the production of construction

materials carried out in 4Q. 2004 at the enterprises of the construction industry in Voronezh, Orsk. The economic effect of the implementation of the system is up to 1.7 million rubles per year.

Claims (1)

A system for manufacturing products from bulk materials and polymer waste containing a polymer waste crushing device connected to a polymer waste feed line, a hydraulic press with a finished product mold connected to an outlet to a warehouse supply line, and a computing device connected to the mixture temperature sensor polymer waste and sand and an electric control device of a hydraulic press with a mold, characterized in that it further comprises a device for drying and sieving Nia sand with a temperature sensor, recovery of plastic waste from temperature sensors in two zones, the heating and mixing of product components into a homogeneous mass with temperature sensors in two zones; wherein the first output of the polymer waste crushing device is connected to the input of the polymer waste regeneration device, the output of which is connected to the second input of the polymer waste crushing device, the second output of which is connected to the first input of the heating and mixing product components into a homogeneous mass, the second input of which is connected to the output a device for drying and sifting sand connected by an inlet to a sand feed line, and the output of a heating and mixing device component into a uniform mass is connected with the entrance of a hydraulic press with a mold of finished products, the temperature sensors of devices for drying and sifting sand, regenerating polymer waste and heating and mixing the components into a homogeneous mass are connected by electrical lines to the inputs of a computing device, the outputs of which are connected by communication lines to electrical control devices installed respectively on devices for drying and sieving sand, regenerating polymer waste and heating and mixing the components into a uniform mass.