RU2206452C1 - Production line for production of polymeric building materials - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: means for reclaiming of plastics and production of molded products from them, applicable in building industry for production of polymeric tile. SUBSTANCE: the production line comprises successively positioned in the direction of the production process and technologically bound up batcher, loading device, grinder of plastic waste, reclaimer, grinder of reclaimed plastics, drying device, unloading device and drives providing for serviceability of all line units. In addition, the line uses successively installed after the grinder of reclaimed plastics and technologically bound up with one another a mixer, reactor, second batcher and a molding device. The reclaimer is made in the form of a screw extruder, having two temperature zones, provided with heating elements and placed in a double-section cylindrical horizontal body. The diameter of the first extruder section is larger than the diameter of the second section. The line has also the second loading device and the third batcher for feeding other components to the mixer, bound up through the input feeding line with the grinder of reclaimed plastics, and though the output feeding line - with the horizontal reactor. The reactor has three successively positioned many-temperature zones provided with heating elements and installed for rotation by a common shaft with asymmetrically positioned blades. The unloading device is positioned past the reclaimer. The molding device is made in the form of a detachable mould. The drying device representing a table for molded products is positioned past the molding device. EFFECT: expanded functional abilities of the production line. 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to means for the regeneration of plastics and the production of molded products from them and can be used, in particular, in the construction industry for the production of polymer tiles and tiles.

 Known processing line for processing plastics, described in n. Germany 4434252 "Device for processing mixed plastic waste" according to cl. B 29 B 17/00, c. 09.24.94, op. 03/28/96.

 The known production line contains installed in parallel along the process, the first hopper and the first extruder, the second boot device and the second extruder, and the inner surfaces of both extruders are interconnected, and then a reactor connected through a feed line with combined extruders, to the second of which the air exhaust line is connected.

 Various plastics supplied to different extruders are mechanically processed in their extruders, mixed and fed into the reactor, where the mixture is re-melted.

 A disadvantage of the known production line is that it serves only to obtain a semi-finished product - a melt of mixed plastics.

 Known production line described in mz 9624478 "Device for processing and forming plastics segments" according to class B 29 B 17/00, c. 02/07/96, op. 08/15/96.

 Known production line contains placed in the course of the technological process of the site of automatic feeding of waste composite thermoplastic, an extruder and a molding line of the finished product, including a press.

 A disadvantage of the known production line is that it is designed to work with only one type of composite material.

 A well-known plastic processing line described in m. 9703798 "Method for the processing and disposal of plastic waste and plastic residues" according to cl. B 29 B 17/00, c. 07.17.96, op. 02/06/97.

 Known production line contains sequentially installed during the process a device for feeding plastic waste, a two-chamber extruder with heating, a press and a molder of finished products in the form of a demountable form.

 Pure or mixed plastics are mechanically processed in a two-chamber extruder at elevated temperatures and pressed. The materials processed in the extruder are sent to the mold cavity and converted into a molded product.

 A disadvantage of the known line is that it serves for the manufacture of products only from plastics, i.e. its operational capabilities are limited.

 Closest to the technical nature of the claimed is a technological line for processing plastic waste, described in paragraph 19595174 "Device for the agglomeration of plastic waste" in cl. B 29 B 17/00, c. 01/05/95, op. 07/18/96 and selected as a prototype.

 The known production line contains a dispenser located during the process, a loading device, a grinding rotor in a cylindrical body for grinding plastic waste, an agglomerator of plastic waste, a nozzle for injecting water into it to solidify the agglomerate, a drying unit, a grinder for agglomerate, an unloading device.

 The well-known line serves for the treatment of waste consisting of various types of plastics, however, it makes it possible to obtain only a semi-finished product in the form of an agglomerate, and not a finished product. In addition, it is intended for processing plastics only.

 The purpose of the claimed technological line is the expansion of its functionality.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that in the technological line for the production of polymer building materials, which includes a dispenser, a loading device, a plastic waste shredder, a regenerator, a regenerated plastic shredder, a drying device, an unloading device and drive devices ensuring the operability of all nodes according to the invention are additionally introduced sequentially installed introduced after the grinder of regenerated plastics and technologically connected by a mixer, a reactor, a second dispenser and a forming device, the regenerator is made in the form of a temperature-controlled two-zone screw extruder equipped with heating elements and placed in a two-section cylindrical horizontal case, the diameter of the first section of which is larger than the diameter of the second sections, there is a second loading device and a third dispenser for supplying other components to the mixer connected to the inlet feed a line with a grinder of regenerated plastics, and an output feed line with a horizontal reactor having three successive different-temperature zones, equipped with heating elements and rotatably mounted common shaft with asymmetrically arranged blades, the discharge device is located after the regenerator, the forming device is made in the form of a split press -forms, and after it there is a drying device, which is a table for molded products.

 Introduction to the production line of a chain of a mixer, a reactor with a dispenser at the outlet and a forming device in the form of a detachable mold that is sequentially installed during the technological process allows the regenerated plastics to be mixed with other components, to obtain a homogeneous molding material from the mixture in the reactor, and to make finished products from it ; in this case, the implementation of the regenerator with a dual-zone temperature in the form of a screw extruder in a two-sectional diameter cylindrical body makes it possible to melt both soft and hard plastics and obtain high-quality regenerate, and the use of a three-zone temperature reactor with heating elements and mounted for rotation a common shaft with asymmetrically arranged blades ensures the movement of mass in the reactor in different zones at different speeds and obtaining a high-quality molding mixture of regenerated plastics and other components, in particular, sand for the manufacture of building materials, thus providing greater functionality production line.

 In comparison with the prototype, the claimed production line has novelty, differing from it by such essential features as the presence of a mixer, the regenerator in the form of a screw extruder of two different temperature sections equipped with heating elements and having different diameters, and the presence of a horizontal temperature-controlled three-zone reactor with heating elements for each zone and a common shaft with asymmetrically located blades mounted for rotation, and a forming device in ide split mold with placed him drying table, providing a total achievement of the desired result.

 Although some distinctive features (additional loading devices, batchers, chopper, screw extruder) are known per se, their combined use in combination with the presence of a horizontal dual-zone temperature regenerator in the form of a screw extruder from two sections of different diameters and horizontal three-zone in temperature a reactor with heating elements for each zone and a common shaft with asymmetrically arranged blades mounted for rotation is a new m and gives not known from the literature result, so the applicant considers that the claimed technical solution meets the criterion of "inventive step".

 The inventive production line can be widely used in the construction industry for the production of building materials, such as polymer tiles and tiles, therefore, meets the criterion of "industrial applicability".

 The invention is illustrated in the drawing, which presents a schematic functional diagram of a production line.

 The inventive technological line for the production of polymer finishing materials includes the following nodes and devices placed sequentially during the process and technologically related to each other: a weight batcher 1, a loading device 2, a shredder 3 of plastic waste connected by a feed line 4 with a regenerator 5, made in the form a dual-zone temperature screw extruder with heating elements located in a two-sectional diameter cylindrical body. The discharge device 6 at the outlet of the regenerator 5 serves to unload the regenerate for cooling it in air; then he using the feed line 7 enters the chopper 8 of the regenerated mass; the second dispenser 9 and the loading device 10 are designed to supply sand and dye to the mixer 11, connected by the inlet feed line 12 with the grinder 8, and the output feed line 13 with a horizontal reactor 14 having three consecutive different temperature zones equipped with heating elements and installed with the possibility of rotation by a common shaft 15 with asymmetrically located blades; at the outlet of the reactor 14 there is a weighing batcher 16 connected to a forming device 17 made in the form of a detachable mold and a drying table 18. The heating elements of the regenerator 5 and reactor 13 are not shown and are not indicated in the drawing. There are drive devices to ensure the operation of all nodes (not shown and not indicated in the drawing).

 As grinders, in particular, drum-type crushers can be used.

 The technological line for the production of polymer finishing materials works as follows.

 According to the technological process for the production of polymer tiles and tiles, the following raw materials are used: fine sand without stones, lumps of clay, etc., "soft" plastic (LDPE, HDPE, etc.), "hard" plastic (ABS, polystyrene , PET, etc.) and dye (iron oxide pigment).

Upon receipt of the waste of “soft” and “hard” polymers at the production site, they are weighed by a weight dispenser 1 in a ratio of 1: 1, transported to a loading device 2 on a trolley, loaded and fed to a grinder 3, where they are crushed to fraction 1- (15- 25) mm. Then, the resulting mass of crushed "soft" and "hard" plastics through the supply line 4 enters the regenerator - extruder 5 for regeneration of the polymer. The screw extruder 5 is made in a cylindrical body from two sections of different diameters joined to each other, each of which is equipped with its own heating element and has a different temperature. The diameter of the first section is larger than the diameter of the second: the screw is common. The extruder screw rotational speed is 15 rpm; the regeneration process is carried out continuously, the required amount of mass of plastics is constantly added. The temperature in the first section is about 200 ^o C, the mass temperature at the exit of the screw extruder 5 reaches 165-175 ^o C. The mixture of regenerated polymers ingots fractions from 1-40 to 1-70 mm is discharged from the extruder through the discharge device 6, cools in air, then the regenerate is fed through the charging device 7 to the grinder 8, where it is re-crushed to a fraction of 1-10 mm. From the output of the grinder 8, the crushed regenerate through the supply line 12 enters the mixer 11, where sand and dye are also fed in proportions respectively through the weighing batcher 9 and the loading device 10: regenerated plastic 4.5 kg, sand 15 kg, dye 120-150 g From the mixer 11, the thoroughly mixed mass flows through the feed line 13 to the reactor 14. In the first zone of the reactor 14, the temperature is brought to 210 ^° C using a heating element, in the second zone to a temperature of 250 ^° C using another heating element, in the third zone - about 190 ^o C. Due to the original design of the rotating shaft 15, which has asymmetrically arranged blades, the mass passes through the different temperature zones of the reactor 14 at different speeds, which allows to obtain the mass of the desired consistency in one pass. The rotation speed of the shaft 15 is 18.5 rpm The required amount of mass for molding into the finished product is determined using a weight batcher 16. The mass temperature at the outlet of the reactor 14 is 190 ^o C; then the heated mass in an amount of 2 kg 100 g from the reactor 14 is placed in the mold 17, where it is molded for 30 s. During operation, the temperature of the water cooling the upper mold 17 'should be 80 ^o C, the temperature of the lower mold 17 "should be minimal. After the molding process, the tile or tile is placed on the drying table 18, where the final cooling takes place under the influence of ambient air and fixation of the product.If necessary, the tiles are cleaned from flashing, after which it is folded into packs of 9 pcs.

 In comparison with the prototype of the inventive production line has wider functionality.

Claims (1)

 A technological line for the production of polymeric building materials, including a dispenser, a loading device, a plastic waste shredder, a regenerator, a regenerated plastic shredder, and a drying device, an unloading device, and drive devices that ensure the operation of all nodes line, characterized in that it additionally introduced sequentially installed after the grinder p regenerated plastics and a technologically interconnected mixer, reactor, second dispenser and forming device, the regenerator being made in the form of a temperature-controlled two-zone screw extruder equipped with heating elements and placed in a two-section cylindrical horizontal case, the diameter of the first section of which is larger than the diameter of the second section, there are a second loading device and a third dispenser for supplying other components to the mixer, connected by an inlet feed line to a reggae grinder generated plastics, and the output feed line - with a horizontal reactor having three successive different temperature zones, equipped with heating elements and rotatably mounted with a common shaft with asymmetrically arranged blades, the discharge device is located after the regenerator, the forming device is made in the form of a releasable forms, and after it there is a drying device, which is a table for molded products.