RU42563U1 - CAR LIFT - Google Patents

Abstract

Car lift refers to car service equipment. The purpose of the utility model is to increase the reliability of the lift and improve working conditions in the workplace. The lift contains two unregulated width ramps with a pneumatic ramp lifting system and self-locking safety locks on each ramp, equipped with "built-in" scissor lifts with pneumatic units and self-locking safety locks on each lift, rotary ladders for entering and leaving the car and an automatically opening stop for the rear wheels. New in the car lift is the introduction of a torsion bar — a tight connection between the ramps, a settling tank for the used oil drained from the crankcase, a drain tank for draining the used oil and a cable system for unlocking the “built-in” scissor lifts and ramps.

Description

The utility model relates to car service equipment, and more specifically, to car lifts that are used at service stations and in garage workshops during the repair and maintenance of cars and small buses weighing up to two tons.

Known hydraulic single-plunger lift [1], which consists of a housing located in the well, with a guide cylinder interacting with a sealing plunger closely connected to the platform beams, a hydraulic actuator for raising and lowering the elevator platform, which includes an oil supply tank, pump, reversible pump drive, hydraulic system and hydraulic fittings designed to automatically shut off the cylinder discharge pipe at the moment the cylinder stops working, regulate the lowering speed the plunger, pumping oil from the cylinder to the oil tank at the moment of stopping the rise of the plunger, moving along the beams of the pick-up platform under the front and rear axles of the car, reclining racks attached to the platform to prevent spontaneous lowering of the platform with the car. A distinctive feature of the elevator is that the elevator plunger in the raised position is under oil pressure, so the platform together with the car can be easily rotated around its vertical axis.

The disadvantages of the lift are:

1) low productivity of repair work due to an obvious limitation of the number of jobs (one or, in some cases, two jobs only with the following organization of the sequence of repair work: sequential or parallel-sequential);

2) the probability of damage to the plunger due to the skew of the elevator caused by the mismatch of the vertical axis passing through the center of gravity of the car with the vertical axis of the plunger.

Due to these shortcomings, the aforementioned lift did not find wide application in practice.

Among the hoists for lifting cars, a hoist [2] is quite effective, the design of which contains four support racks with load-lifting screws installed in them, a lifting platform and a hardware cabinet with electric starters, the platform of which consists of two longitudinal beams and two crossbars and with the help of load-bearing nuts suspended by lifting screws, each screw is driven from the electric motor through a single-stage gearbox and rubber coupling, the cross members are equipped with a pair of hydraulic x jacks for hanging the wheels of the car, the longitudinal beams have inclined ladders for entering and leaving the car and automatically open stops to protect the car from spontaneous exit from the lift, the ends of the lift platform are supported by the nuts of the lifting screws through spherical washers (to prevent transmission of a different load to the screw, except axial), for leveling the platform in its highest position, limit switches are provided according to the number of support posts, for an emergency stop the lift rudovany by a button of shutdown of electric motors.

The disadvantages of the lift are:

1) low productivity of repair work, caused, as in the previous case, by the limited number of jobs;

2) the need for seasonal oil change in hydraulic jacks and screw pairs;

3) wear of nuts.

Currently, in Ukraine, the Cherkasy plant "Elevatorsbyt" produces the following car service equipment [3]:

1) a two-post lift of the Atlant type for lifting cars and small class buses during their maintenance and repair with the following characteristics:

carrying capacity, t 4 lifting height, m 1.8 power output per engine, kW / (rpm) 1,5-2,2 / 1000 supply voltage, V 380 rack height, m 2.6 weight kg 950

2) a four-post lift of the "Titan" type for lifting cars and small class buses during their maintenance and repair, including checking the installation angles of the wheels of a car with the following characteristics:

carrying capacity, t 3 lifting height, m 1.7 power consumption, kW 4 supply voltage, V 380 weight kg 2100 Overall dimensions, mm 5000 × 2000 × 1500

The Atlant elevator consists of two support racks with load-lifting screws installed in them, which are driven in rotation around the vertical axis by means of electric motors through a chain transmission. Two nuts interact with the screws (bronze and steel), to which the carriage is rigidly fixed, equipped with two rotary hollow legs of box section, inside of which there are sliding plates with height-adjustable pickups. The lift is equipped with a hardware cabinet with electric starting equipment. The disadvantages of the lift are:

1) low productivity of repair work due to a limited number of jobs (only the following sequence is possible

repair work: sequential or parallel-sequential);

2) wear of the movable carriage elements due to their loading by lateral forces.

Lift "Titan" in its design resembles the lift "Atlant". The difference is that this elevator is equipped with one electric motor and a chain drive for all four lifting screws, which ensures synchronization of the movement of nuts on the screws and simplifies platform leveling, the inclined ladders for entering cars are replaced by "persistent" shoes. The elevator is additionally equipped with a platform for placing the laser device "alignment", which allows simultaneous comprehensive measurement with the regulation of a large number of parameters of the chassis of the car: toe-in of the front wheels, camber of the front wheels, the longitudinal inclination of the axis of rotation of the front wheels, the angle of rotation of the front wheels.

The disadvantages of this lift are:

1) insufficient productivity of repair work due to the impossibility of implementing the principle of parallel sequence of their implementation;

2) the absence of additional lifts for hanging the wheels of the car, which limits the technological capabilities of the lift.

The similar construction with the "Titan" lift are the US lifts [4]:

1) four-post Bend-Pak model PP-12AL (wheel alignment with scissors) with a lifting capacity of 5.4 tons with a chain lifting system and safety locks on each rack, equipped with "built-in" scissor lifts with a lifting capacity of 3.2 tons with an electro-hydraulic unit, rotary plates , plates for the rear wheels, an automatic system for monitoring the uniformity of lifting, a ramp adjustable in width, which can be made with through passage;

2) four-stand Bend-Pak Model BP-12ALX (alignments with scissors elongated) gruzopod e mnostyu 5.4 m;

3) four-post Bend-Pak model BP-12LS (wheel alignment) with a lifting capacity of 5.4 tons, different from previous models by the absence of a scissor lift;

4) four-post Bend-Pak model BP-12LSX (extended wheel alignment) with a lifting capacity of 5.4 tons.

The disadvantage of all of the above lifts is the low productivity of repair work due to the impossibility of implementing the principle of parallel sequence of their implementation.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved effect is the elevator [5] (prototype), which has two unregulated width inclined ramps equipped with swivel ladders for the entrance and exit of the car, and one of them has an automatically opening stop to prevent the car from unintentionally leaving lifts driven to a horizontal position by rotation around a common horizontal axis with the help of two vertical pneumatic cylinders and held in this position by rotary self-aligning safety locks made in the form of vertical folding racks, spring-loaded in the plane of rotation, a platform adjoining the ramps with a horizontal deck, made at the same level as the ramp deck in their raised position, two “built-in” scissor lifts equipped with safety locks, for hanging car wheels, traverses of which contain rods that are rotatable in the horizontal plane under the front and rear axles of the car, on which grabs equipped with rubber cushions are mounted with the possibility of lifting of reciprocating movement relative to the rods, a scissor lift lifting system, including pneumatic cylinders horizontally located on the left ramp according to the number of scissor lifts and, accordingly, cable mechanisms, an air compressor with a dryer

air, duct system and shutoff valves, pneumatic actuator control station, electric lamps and their fastening and switching elements. The safety locks of the ramp of the scissor lifts make it possible to avoid lowering them in case of air leaks from the working cavities of the pneumatic cylinders and pneumatic highways.

The lift allows you to implement the principle of a parallel sequence of repair work, i.e. perform several operations at the same time (for example, draining and replacing used oil, inspecting, adjusting and repairing the chassis and engine parts of the car, etc.), which increases labor productivity by ensuring a simultaneous approach to the car from the side, front, rear (ramps are used) and bottom (used pit).

The disadvantages of the lift are as follows:

1) the ramps are not interconnected by a cross member, which would provide a rigid connection between them and would prevent spontaneous rollover of the car in case of breakdown of one of the vertical pneumatic cylinders or depressurization of the supply pneumatic line of compressed air;

2) the lift is not equipped with a sump and a drain tank for used oil, which leads to inconvenience when draining, if necessary, used oil from the crankcase;

3) the lift is not equipped with an unlocking system for security locks, which creates certain inconveniences during the operation of the lift, reduces labor productivity and increases the fatigue of staff.

The purpose of the utility model is to eliminate these drawbacks. This goal is achieved by the fact that in the known lift ramps are interconnected by a torsion bar, which serves to absorb and transfer external load from one ramp to another in the event of a sudden failure of one of the vertical pneumatic cylinders during the ramp lift; for

the convenience of draining used oil from the crankcase on a lift a sump is installed with the possibility of reciprocating movement along ramps, equipped with a spring-loaded ball valve with a diameter of 50 mm and a drain tank, and the torsion bar is removably mounted in order to simplify transportation and installation of the components of the lift at the place of operation; racks of safety locks of ramps are attached in addition to cable drafts; each scissor lift safety lock, including ratchet and stopper, further comprises a collar mounted on a fixed two-arm bracket;

the gate is equipped with three radial levers, to one of which the force is transmitted from the cable pull of the drive mechanism, the second lever, which interacts with the ratchet when turning the gate, is designed to disconnect the ratchet and stopper, the third - serves as a limiter to turn the gate; to transmit the drive force from the cable rod to the winch, an axis is mounted on the first lever, on which a bar is mounted to rotate around it, attached to the spring rods in the direction of the transmitted force, and on the cable rod side, the spring rod has greater rigidity and is connected to it via an intermediate a rail kinematically connected to the cable traction of the ramp safety locks.

The drain tank is installed motionless and at a level below the sump and is equipped with a sleeve for draining the oil settled in the sump and a pusher designed to open the sump valve when the pusher and valve interact.

The ball valve of the sump, in order to reduce the overall dimensions of the valve, is spring-loaded with a shaped, in particular, conical spring.

An overflow pipe is mounted above the drain hole of the sump, equipped with holes located at some distance from the bottom of the sump and designed to drain settled oil.

The tank pusher is adjustable in height and equipped with a spherical head.

No technical solutions with similar features have been identified, so we can conclude that the technical solution that is proposed is new. It also has industrial applications (see below).

The essence of the utility model, which is proposed, is illustrated by the drawing.

Figure 1 shows a General view of a utility model (top view of the described lift), figure 2 is a longitudinal section along aa in figure 1, figure 3 is a view G in figure 2, figure 4 - view E in figure 2 (view of block 21), figure 5 is a section along G-D in figure 4, figure 6 is a section along BB in figure 1, figure 7 is a view of D figure 1 (view of the ramp 2), figure 8 is a section along EE in figure 2, figure 9 is a section along KK in figure 1, figure 10 is a view P in figure .2 (view of the drain tank 50), in Fig. 11 is a section along DD in Fig. 2, in Fig. 12 is a view M in Fig. 2, in Fig. 13 is a view H in Fig. 2, in Fig.14 is a view of K in Fig.13.

The elevator includes two inclined ramps 1 and 2 that are not adjustable in width, on which all other structural elements are fixed. The ramps are interconnected by a rigid connection - torsion 3, made in the form of a hollow cylinder, which can absorb and transfer external load from one ramp to another in the event of a sudden failure of one of the pneumatic cylinders or leakage of compressed air from the supply pneumatic line during ramp lifting. Using two vertical pneumatic cylinders 4, the ramps can be translated into a horizontal position by rotation around the coaxial horizontal axes 5 and held in this position by ramp safety locks, which are struts 6 of rectangular or square section. The ramp lifting system includes levers 7 and 8, which also provide lateral stability of the ramps. Ramps 1 and 2 consist respectively of a power cage 9 and 10 and decking 11 and 12 included in the power cage with an opening 13 in which elements of the “built-in” are sunk in the folded state

scissor lift 14. Ramps 1 and 2 - through the axis 5 - are connected to the platform 15 equipped with a horizontal flooring made at the same level as the ramp flooring in their raised position. For convenience, the platform is equipped with steps 16 and a shelf 17 for accommodating the working tool and accessories.

The scissor lifts are lifted by two identical horizontally arranged pneumatic cylinders 18 with the help of wire rope mechanisms 19 and 20. The rope of the mechanism 19 is thrown through the blocks 21. The pneumatic cylinders are installed so that the ends of the rods 22 of the pneumatic cylinders are at any time in one plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the lift . A bolt 23 is attached to the ends of the pneumatic cylinders with a bolt 23, equipped with stiffeners for ribs 25. The preliminary tension of the ropes, and thereby the simultaneous actuation of the hoists 14, is carried out by tightening the nuts 26. The traverses 27 of the scissor lifts are equipped with rods 28 with the possibility of rotation around vertical axes. The rods are equipped with pickups 29 under the front and rear axles of the vehicle, which can freely move along the rod. In order to avoid hard contact between the vehicle axles and the pickups, the latter are equipped with rubber pads 30. In the raised state, each scissor lift 14 is held by a safety lock - ratchet 31.

The ramps are equipped with swivel ramps 32 and 32 'for the vehicle to enter and exit, and one of the ramps has an automatically opening stop 33 for the rear wheel in order to prevent the vehicle from spontaneously coming off the lift and the fixing plate 34 for the stop 33. To control the ramps and the “built-in” a control station comprising an air compressor 35 (not shown) with an air dryer 36 (not shown), a piping system 37 (not shown), a check valve 38 (not shown), a pressure reducer 39 (not shown), non-distributor 40 (not shown), pressure gauge 41 (not shown),

pneumatic system control station 42 (not shown). For work in the evening, the lift is equipped with removable lights 43 and 43 '.

To drain the used oil from the crankcase and to defend it, the lift is equipped with a parallelepiped sump 44. With the help of wheels 45, the sump can be moved in guides 46. In the extreme forward position, it is fixed against movement by a stop 47 (not shown). A steel spherical valve 48 with a diameter of 50 mm, spring loaded with a shaped spring 49 is provided at the bottom of the sump. To reduce the overall dimensions of the valve assembly, the shaped spring is made conical. The sludge oil is drained from the sump through the drain tank 50, which is located at a level lower than the sump. The tank 50 is equipped with a drain sleeve 51 and a pusher 52, height-adjustable and having a spherical head 53 at the end. The pusher 52, with appropriate adjustment for actuation, automatically opens the sump valve 48 when interacting with it. The supply of the pusher with a spherical head 53 makes it easier to open the valve.

In order to facilitate installation and adjustment work during the installation of the lift, the rod 54 of the vertical pneumatic cylinder 4 is made adjustable in length and provided with a spherical shank 55 to prevent transmission of a rod other than axial load.

The elevator can be equipped with a platform for the location of the laser device "alignment" for measuring and adjusting the parameters of the chassis of the car.

The lift works as follows.

After the car enters the lift using compressed air valve 40, compressed air is supplied to the vertical pneumatic cylinders 4, which translate the ramps of the elevator together with the vehicle into a horizontal position, in this position of the rack 6 safety ramps locks under tension springs 56 are hung in

vertical position and block the lowering of the ramp of the elevator by shorting to the stops 57. In the position when the racks b are in a vertical position, the tension springs 56 are in the initial (compressed) state and do not affect the racks.

As the ramps rise, the locking plate 34 automatically rotates with the ramp 32, forcing the stop 33 for the rear wheel to rotate, which fixes it to the latch 58 located on the stop 33. For ease of maintenance, the plate 34 and the stop 33 are mounted on the same side as the control station 42. The latch 58 prevents the plate 34 from lowering under its own weight when lowering (turning) the ramp, and the plate 34, in turn, prevents the rotation of the stop 33, leaving it in the latch position until special intervention by the attendant th staff.

In this position of the lift, an external inspection of the car is performed: engine, chassis, controls, draining and replacing the used oil. According to the results of the inspection, they decide on hanging the wheels.

The waste oil is drained into the sump 44, for which it is moved using the handles 59 to the guides 46 to the desired position and the sashes 60 and 61 are opened. The used oil from the crankcase through the drain hole in the crankcase enters the sump and, passing through the mesh 62, settles in him. The sludge oil is drained through the tank 50 with the sump valve open, through the overflow pipe 63, in which holes are made at a certain distance from the bottom of the sump. Thus, sediment does not enter the drained oil. As necessary, the sediment from the sump is periodically removed. The settled oil is drained through the sleeve 51 of the drain tank 50. To do this, the sump 44 is moved towards the drain tank until the spherical valve 48 of the sump coincides with the head of the pusher 53 of the drain tank. In that

the position of the sump valve 48 is opened and the settled oil is drained.

Hanging the car wheels, if necessary, is carried out using the "built-in" scissor lifts 14. For this, the air distributor 40 is transferred to the compressed air supply position in the horizontal pneumatic cylinders 18, which, using the cable mechanisms 19 and 20, translate the "built-in" scissor lifts 14 into the raised position . In the intermediate position of the scissor lifts, the grips 29, which are located on the rods 28, are moved along the rods to the desired position and, together with the rods, are brought under the front and rear axles of the car. In the highest position, the scissor lifts are held by safety locks - ratchets 31. In this position, the ratchet tooth abuts against the stopper 64, preventing the lowering of the lift.

In this position of the lift, measurements and adjustments are made to the parameters of the car’s undercarriage: the alignment and camber of the front wheels, the longitudinal inclination of the axis of rotation of the front wheels of the car, the angle of rotation of the front wheels of the car.

At the end of the work, the scissor lifts 14 are lowered. To do this, the safety locks of the scissor lifts are first unlocked by acting on them with the help of cable rods 65 and 66. For example, the pull force 65 generated by the gate 67, to which the rod is attached at one end, is transmitted to the bar 68, to which the rod is attached at the other end, and from it through the tension spring 69 to the bar 70 located on the axis 71 of one of the levers of the gate 72. On the opposite side, the bar 70 is attached to the tension spring 73. It should be noted that the stiffness of the spring 69 exceeds the stiffness of the spring 73. Therefore, the bar 70 the start moves under the action of the force due to the tension of the spring 73. When moving the bar 70 in the direction of the force exerted by the rods 65 (or 66), the gate 72 rotates and acts with the lever 74 on the ratchet tooth 31, freeing it from

interaction with the stopper 64. A further rotation of the gate 72 is limited by a stop 75, which, after a corresponding rotation, abuts its shoulder against the wall of the bracket 76. In this position, the ratchet 31 bleeds air from the horizontal pneumatic cylinders 18 and, under the influence of the weight of the car and its own weight, the scissor lifts 14 are lowered into the original position. In this case, the car is mounted on ramps to the wheels.

In order to lower the ramp, carry out the following operations.

With the help of vertical pneumatic cylinders 4, the ramps are slightly raised in order to exclude the contact of the ramp safety locks with their supporting surface 57, after which, using the cable rods 77 and 78, the operation of the pneumatic cylinders 4 is unlocked by turning the posts 6 around the horizontal axes 79 in the direction of the pulling forces of the cables. The traction forces that are applied to the uprights 6 are created by the drive mechanism 67. In this case, the bar 70 remains in place, and the springs 69, and then 56, are stretched under the action of the force applied to the rod. Using the control station, the compressed air is vented from the vertical pneumatic cylinders 4, while the ramps are lowered, the racks 6 slide their ends along the guides 80 located in the pits 81, further stretching the springs 56. At the same time, the drive mechanism 67 is returned to its initial position.

Upon returning the ramp to its original state, the vehicle is driven off the lift. Before the car exits, the plate 34 is removed from the latch 58, after which the plate 34 and the stop 33 are returned to their original position.

After the next car enters the ramp, the process is repeated in the sequence described above.

The advantages of the proposed lift compared to the known ones are as follows:

1) the introduction of the torsion bar as a rigid connection between the ramps 1 and 2 allows to increase the reliability of the lift, since it becomes possible to prevent the vehicle from tilting or falling off the lift when one of the pneumatic cylinders or compressed air supply pipe fails;

2) the introduction of a movable sump 44 for used oil and a drain tank 50 into the elevator makes it possible, in comparison with the known elevator, to speed up and simplify the work of draining the used oil from the crankcase, as well as to ease working conditions at the workplace. In addition, the oil drained from the crankcase settles in the sump 44 and with the help of the tank 50 only clarified oil is subsequently drained (for the purpose of further disposal);

3) equipping a car lift with a safety lock unlocking system for “built-in” scissor lifts and ramps makes it possible to carry out the lowering of the ramp lifts and “built-in” scissor lifts by one operator, unlike the known lift, where the safety locks have to be unlocked manually and together (lift, on the one hand, ratchets 31 and block their lowering under their own weight by some auxiliary lever, and on the other hand, release struts 6 from shorting with erhnostyu 57).

Tests have shown the reliability of the lift and the possibility of repair and maintenance of cars and buses of small class with a sufficient degree of convenience. Compared to the well-known lift, labor productivity increased by 5%.

Scheduled serial production of car lifts.

Literature

1. Afanasyev L.L. and other Garages and service stations for cars: (Album devil.) .- 3rd ed., Rev. and add. - M.: Transport, 1980 .-- 216 p.

2. Berezkin V.N., Krasnov K.A. Equipment for garages and car service stations. - Ed. 2nd ed., Revised. and add. - M .: Transport, 1964 .-- 463s.

3. Information about the car service equipment manufactured by the Elevatorsbyt enterprise, Cherkasy (fax of September 15, 2003) - a copy of the fax is attached.

4. Internet site http: // www. ukrsov. kiev. ua.

5. Der Wagenaufzug Pervte tip 05, Tragfahigkeit 2 to. Die Technische Lieferbedingungen. -BRD, Rheine, M.-F., Sanbkampstr., 90.

Claims (12)

1. A car lift containing two uncontrolled width inclined ramps equipped with rotary ladders for entering and leaving the car, and one of them with an automatically opening stop to prevent the car from spontaneously coming off the lift, brought to a horizontal position by rotation around a common horizontal axis with two vertical pneumatic cylinders and held in this position by rotary self-locking safety locks made in the form of vertical folding racks fixed in the rotation plane, a platform adjoining the ramps with a horizontal deck, made at the same level as the ramp deck in their horizontal position, two “built-in” scissor lifts equipped with safety locks for hanging the vehicle wheels, the cross-arms of which contain horizontal swivels the plane of the rod under the front and rear axles of the vehicle, on which are mounted pickups equipped with rubber cushions with the possibility of reciprocating movement along the rods, the scissor lift system lifts, including pneumatic cylinders horizontally located on the left ramp according to the number of scissor lifts and, respectively, wire rope mechanisms, an air compressor with a dehumidifier, an air duct system, shut-off and control valves, a pneumatic actuator control station, electric luminaires and their mounting and switching elements, characterized in that the ramps interconnected by a rigid connection in the form of a torsion of annular cross-section, a sump is installed on the lift for draining and settling the used oil from Tera car and drain tank for draining of settled oil, and safety locks "embedded" scissor lifts and ramps are equipped with unlocking system consisting of drive mechanism and the rope rods. 2. The car lift according to claim 1, characterized in that the torsion bar is removably mounted on the ramps. 3. The car lift according to claim 1, characterized in that each safety lock of the scissor lift, equipped with a ratchet and a stopper, additionally has a gate designed to disconnect the ratchet and stopper while lowering the scissor lift. 4. The car lift according to claim 1, characterized in that the sump is made with the possibility of reciprocating motion along the ramps. 5. The car lift according to claim 1, characterized in that the sump is equipped with a drain hole, which is covered by a spring-loaded ball valve. 6. Car lift according to claim 5, characterized in that the ball valve of the sump is spring-loaded with a shaped spring. 7. The car lift according to claim 6, characterized in that the shaped spring is made conical. 8. A car lift according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that an overflow pipe is mounted above the drain hole of the sump, which is equipped with holes located at some distance from the bottom of the sump and designed to drain settled oil. 9. The car lift according to claim 1, characterized in that the drain tank is installed at a level lower than the sump, and is equipped with a sleeve and a pusher designed to open the sump valve during their interaction. 10. Car lift according to claim 9, characterized in that the pusher is made adjustable in height and equipped with a spherical head. 11. The car lift according to claim 3, characterized in that the collar is mounted on a fixed two-arm bracket and is equipped with three levers, one of which is exerted by a drive mechanism transmitted by a cable pull, the second lever interacting when turning the collar with a ratchet is designed to separation of the ratchet and stopper, the third - serves as a limiter to turn the gate. 12. The car lift according to claim 11, characterized in that for transmitting the drive force from the cable pull to the winch, an axis is mounted on the first lever, on which, with the possibility of rotation around the axis, there is a bar spring loaded on both sides in the direction of the drive force, and On the cable pull side, the spring has greater rigidity and is connected to it via an intermediate bar, which is kinematically connected with the cable pull of the ramp safety locks.