RU35604U1 - CENTRIFUGE FOR SEPARATION OF SUSPENSIONS - Google Patents

Description

CENTRIFUGE FOR SEPARATION OF SUSNISIA

The utility model relates to devices for separating suspensions under the action of centrifugal forces and can be used in the petrochemical, food, pharmaceutical and other industries.

A known centrifuge for separating suspensions, including a housing with technological nozzles, a rotor installed in it on the shaft, consisting of two cone-shaped shells facing one another with large bases. The lower shell is located with the possibility of axial movement to unload the sediment, and the upper one has openings for introducing the suspension. A disk is placed inside the rotor, dividing its internal space into two parts. The chamber for collecting and draining the cleaned liquid is formed by an annular partition attached to the edge of the disk from below with a gap relative to the lower shell, which has a cylindrical shape or the shape of a truncated cone expanding downward (RF patent No. 2200634, B04B 1/10, 11/02, publ. 20.03. 2003).

The disadvantage of this centrifuge is that it is single-layer, therefore, it has low productivity and low quality separation of suspensions. In addition, the centrifuge does not have a sealing unit for the internal cavity, therefore, the centrifuged product is mixed with atmospheric air, the product is oxidized, which in many cases is unacceptable. This fact significantly reduces the scope of this centrifuge.

Closest to the proposed utility model is a centrifugal liquid cleaner with a cylindrical rotor, made with an insert, which is made in the form of a spiral, providing an axial direction of fluid movement, the insert being made of thin tape wound around the sleeve with small gaps fastened at the ends by radial ribs (copyright Certificate No. 332863, B04B 7/08, published on 03.21.1972).

A disadvantage of the known design of a centrifugal liquid cleaner is that the insert is non-separable and rigidly fastened to the rotor. With this design, it is difficult to remove sludge from the small gaps of the insert, and with a large stickiness of the sludge, it cannot be removed. In addition, small gaps during operation are gradually filled with sediment, the cross-sectional areas of these gaps are reduced and, with the same fluid supply, its speed in the gaps increases, which leads to a deterioration in the quality of cleaning.

2003130860

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2005130 3y; | vC

IPC B04B 11/02, 7/08

The objective of the claimed utility model is the creation of a centrifuge, the design of which allows to increase productivity and improve the quality of separation of suspensions, as well as speed up the process of removing sediment.

The technical solution to the problem is achieved by making a thin-layer insert removable in the form of an easily collapsible set of coaxial cylinders, in which solid cylinders alternate with filter cylinders, as well as by installing the insert with the possibility of fixing it from axial displacement by a cap, quick-detachable due to the attachment point.

This is achieved by the fact that in the inventive centrifuge for separating suspensions, including a rotor mounted on a vertical stationary hollow axis on sliding bearings, made with a horizontal flange in the lower part and fastened with it near an axial thick-walled hollow cylinder and a thin-layer cylindrical insert mounted on it, hermetically closed by a cap fixed to the rotor, according to a utility model, the thin-layer insert is removable, in the form of an easily collapsible set of coaxial cylinders, in which e cylinders alternate with filtering porous cylinders, and there are annular gaps between the cylinders, and the annular gap on the outer surface of the porous cylinder is open from below and closed from above by the overlapping annular flanges of adjacent cylinders, which are also stiffeners, and the annular gap from the side of the inner the surface of the porous cylinder is open at the top and closed at the bottom by the annular flanges of adjacent cylinders overlapping relative to each other, while The continuous solid cylinders have one annular flange, and the replaceable insert is mounted with the possibility of fixation from axial displacement by a cap, quick-detachable due to the fastening unit, which includes a nut mounted in the cap, which contacts the thread near the axial cylinder, in the groove of which an elastic sealing ring is installed to seal the cap while the nut is installed in the closed groove of the cap with the possibility of rotation relative to the last and alternately contacting the ends of the nut with the end walls of the decree the groove of the cap, in addition, springs are installed between the nut and the cap.

The utility model is illustrated by drawings, where: in FIG. 1 presents the inventive centrifuge, a cut along the axis.

The centrifuge consists of a stationary vertical hollow axis 1, on which a rotor 4 is mounted on sliding bearings 2 and 3, having a horizontal flange 5 in the lower part and an axial thick-walled hollow cylinder 6 on which a thin-layer cylindrical insert 7 is installed, hermetically closed, fixed to the rotor 4 cap 8. Insert 7 is made of an easily collapsible set of coaxial cylinders 9 and 10, where solid cylinders 9 alternate with filtering porous cylinders 10, and there are annular gaps 11 and 12 between adjacent cylinders, The annular gap 11 from the side of the outer surface of the porous cylinder 10 is open from below and closed from above by the annular flanges 13 and 14 of adjacent cylinders overlapping relative to each other, and the annular gap 12 from the side of the inner surface of the porous cylinder 10 is open from above and closed from below also overlapping each other relative to each other by annular flanges of adjacent cylinders 13 and 14, while the extreme continuous cylinders have one annular flange, and the insert is mounted with the possibility of fixing from axial displacement ACOM 8.

The fastening assembly includes a nut 15 mounted in the cap 8, the contact) with thread 16 near the axial cylinder 6, in the groove of which an elastic sealing ring 17 is installed to seal the cap 8, while the nut 15 is installed in the closed groove 18 of the cap 8. The ends of the nut 15 alternately in contact with the end walls 19 and 20 of the groove 18 of the cap 8, and between the nut 15 and the cap 8 springs 21 are installed.

The centrifuge also has fittings 22 and 23 for supplying and discharging the centrifuged liquid, a mechanical seal 24, a pressure disk 25, a valve 26 for venting air, and a flange 27 for attaching the axis 1 to the fixed support.

The centrifuge operates as follows. The initial suspension under the influence of the pressure disk 25 enters through the nozzle 22 of the axis 1 into the rotor 4, passes through the insert 7, where in the gaps between the cylinders 9 and 10, under the action of centrifugal forces, the suspension is separated. Particles of the solid phase of the suspension, having a density greater than the density of the liquid, settle on the inner walls of the solid cylinders 9, and the clarified liquid rotates 90 in the direction of the main rotation of the rotor 4, i.e. towards the direction of the centrifugal forces, passes through the pores of the filter cylinder 10, rises upward along the annular gap 12, leaves the insert 7, is captured by the pressure disk 25, which feeds it into the hollow axis 1, and, through the nozzle 23, to the exit of the centrifuge (streamlines liquids are indicated by arrows).

The filtering porous cylinder 10 retains particles of any density, as well as mechanical impurities, fibers, plate formations, etc., which are not well separated by a centrifugal field. Centrifugal forces are aimed at cleaning the pores of the filtering cylinder 10 from particles with a density greater than the density of the liquid, so the filter resource increases. The filtering porous cylinder 10 acts as an automatic controller that maintains approximately the same flow rate in all elementary streams by closing the pores of the filter with particles that trap the filter.

The higher the speed of the fluid passing through a single pore, the more solid particles are delivered into it, which increase the hydroresistance of this pore, the speed of the fluid decreases, etc.

Due to the fact that the area of the cylindrical surface of the filter cylinder 10 is much larger than the cross-sectional area of the gap between adjacent cylinders, the fluid velocity at the outer wall of the cylinder 10 decreases sharply and the efficiency of particle deposition by centrifugal forces increases.

During interruptions in the operation of the centrifuge, the sediment accumulated on the inner surfaces of the solid cylinders 9, under the influence of gravitational forces, slides onto the flange 5 of the rotor 4 and accumulates as in a dirt collector, from where the sediment can be removed in various ways.

The first method is the automated removal of sediment during centrifuge operation, for which the line behind the nozzle 23 is blocked. In this case, the liquid pressure under the cap 8 increases, the cap, overcoming the resistance of the springs 21, rises, between the flange 5 and the cap 8 a helmet is formed through which the sediment thrown along with part of the liquid into an annular trap (not shown). Then the line after the fitting 23 opens and the cap 8 under the action of the springs 21 is returned to its original place. These actions can be performed according to the program.

The second method of sludge discharge is performed by stopping the rotation of the centrifuge. The cap 8 with the help of the nut 15 rises, the sediment flows out through the gap between the flange 5 and the cap 8 together with a part of the liquid. To intensify the discharge of sediment, a short-term inclusion of centrifuge rotation is possible.

The third method of sludge unloading is carried out by removing the cap 8 from the rotor 4, cleaning the parts from the sludge, washing the filter cylinders 10 from contamination and subsequent assembly. Instead of a contaminated insert 7, a pre-prepared replaceable insert can be installed.

Thus, the use of a centrifuge of the claimed design allows for the cleaning of contaminants of mineral fuels and oils, sunflower oil, juices, fruit wines, milk separation, etc. At the same time, it provides high performance and quality of suspension separation, accelerated sediment loading, ease of disassembly and assembly of the centrifuge and replacement of inserts.

Claims (1)

A centrifuge for separating suspensions, including a rotor mounted on a vertical fixed hollow axis on sliding bearings, made with a horizontal flange in the lower part and fastened with an axial thick-walled hollow cylinder, and a thin-layer cylindrical insert mounted on it, hermetically closed by a cap fixed on the rotor, characterized the fact that the thin-layer insert is removable in the form of an easy-to-assemble set of coaxial cylinders, in which solid cylinders alternate with filtering porosity cylinders, and between the cylinders there are annular gaps, moreover, the annular gap from the outer surface of the porous cylinder is open from below and closed from above by the overlapping annular flanges of adjacent cylinders, which are also stiffeners, and the annular gap from the side of the inner surface of the porous cylinder is open from above and closed from below also by the annular flanges of adjacent cylinders overlapping relative to each other, while the extreme continuous cylinders have one to one the front flange, and the removable insert is mounted with the possibility of fixing from axial displacement by the cap, quick-detachable due to the fastener assembly, which includes a nut mounted in the cap that contacts the thread of the near-axis cylinder, in the groove of which an elastic sealing ring is installed to seal the cap, while the nut is installed in a closed the groove of the cap rotatably relative to the last and alternately contacting the ends of the nut with the end walls of the specified groove of the cap, in addition, between the nut oh and cap mounted springs.