RU2368643C2 - Oil purification method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a method of purifying oil, in which separation and coagulation are done in tangential mode on separating and coagulating porous walls of a filter, made in form of a sandwich from several coaxial cylindrical surfaces made from highly-porous cellular metal. During separation on the outer generatrix of the outer porous wall with deposition of a hydrophobic fluoroplastic coating, the main part of mechanical impurities and water with size greater than the standard size of pores are constantly taken into a separator made from two connected drums using a turbulent stream, with a set of circular porous walls of highly-porous cellular metal fitted, with size of pores increasing along the stream, at the perforated bottom of the cup in the upper part of the inner drum. Impurities are concentrated and condensed during sedimentation inside the latter. There is further separation on a hydrophobic grid, fitted on the coaxial gap in the lower part of the drums. Residual mater is fed to the input of the pump. Purification of the tangential stream of the liquid medium takes place with coagulation of micro-water droplets on the next cylindrical walls of highly-porous cellular metal of the filter, made with increasing size of pores along the stream. Micro-water droplets passing through are separated on the hydrophobic inner surface of the last wall, with horizontal and vertical drainage windows-cavities, with collection and precipitation in a collector and cleaning the filter with reverse flow of purified medium.

EFFECT: improved method of purifying oil.

2 ex, 2 tbl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of oil purification and can be used in the energy, aviation, food, medical, electrical and automotive industries for the purification and possible regeneration of hydrocarbon liquids of mineral and vegetable origin, and in particular oil.

A known method (1) of oil purification, which consists in separating mechanical impurities and water in the field of centrifugal forces created by the rotation of the rotor, driven by any drive, or by using the energy of a liquid stream. In this case, mechanical impurities and water as heavier components of the liquid medium are discarded by centrifugal force to the rotor wall and are discharged through the hole of the adjusting washer, and the cleaned medium moves to the rotor axis and enters the centrifuge outlet pipe. However, when implementing the method, it is necessary to spin a large volume of oil, which leads to an increase in the overall dimensions and mass of the latter, high energy consumption, and the need for constant maintenance.

The known method (2) for the purification of oils, which consists in the tangential separation of mechanical impurities and water when the oil moves along the internal volumes of porous hydrophobic tubes and subsequent post-treatment on coalescing and sorbing filters. However, its implementation requires additional energy consumption for preparing a liquid medium (when heated, part of the emulsified water goes into a dissolved state), as well as for separating the accumulated water from the volumes of sorbent filters and cooling the filtrate, while the separation efficiency drops sharply with the accumulation of fur. impurities and water in the volumes of the latter.

The known method (3), adopted as the closest analogue, which consists in separating mechanical impurities on the filtering partition, enlarging the microdroplets when the medium passes through the coagulating partition, with their subsequent separation from its surface under the action of gravity, separating uncoagulated microdrops of water on the surface of the water-repellent partition, followed by sedimentation of coagulated droplets in the sump. In this case, only the kinetic energy of the flow of the cleaned medium is used and there is no need to use any mechanical or electrical energy. However, when implementing the method, the resource of the filtering partition is relatively small, the laboriousness of replacing the used water separating and filtering elements is great, and the efficiency of water separation decreases with increasing viscosity of hydrocarbon liquids, in addition, the cleaning efficiency substantially depends on the design parameters of the coagulating and water separating partitions, as well as hydrodynamic characteristics of the fluid flow.

The analysis of the prior art indicates that the objective of the invention is to reduce energy consumption and increase efficiency in the purification of hydrocarbon liquids.

This is achieved by the fact that according to the invention, separation and coagulation are carried out in a tangential manner on the separating and coagulating porous filter walls, made in the form of a sandwich of several coaxial cylindrical surfaces of highly porous cellular metal - HPLC, while separating along the outer generatrix of the external porous partition with the applied hydrophobic fluoroplastic coating, the bulk of mechanical impurities and water larger than the nominal pore size by a turbulent flow is secretly carried out into the separator, which is connected to the supply line of the original oil, collected in the form of two communicating coaxial shells, with a set of round porous baffles from VPMN for coagulation of microdrops, with an increasing pore size along the flow, on the perforated bottom of the glass in the upper part of the inner shell , concentration and thickening of contaminants during sedimentation in the volume of the latter, further separation on a hydrophobic mesh installed in the coaxial gap of the lower part of the shells, feeding the sludge to the inlet Sosa. The tangential flow of a liquid medium is cleaned by coagulation of water droplets on subsequent cylindrical partitions from the HPLC filter, made with increasing pore size along the flow, separating the passed microdrops of water on a hydrophobic one, with horizontal and vertical drainage windows - grooves, the inner surface of the last partition with collection and sedimenting them in the reservoir, while the purified oil is removed from the filter, and the filter is regenerated by a reverse flow of the purified medium.

Figure 1 presents a diagram of the implementation of the method.

The device contains a receiving tank 1 connected by a pipe 2 to a pump 3. The output of the pump 3 is connected by a pipe 4 to a prefilter 5 and a pipe 6 with a filter 7. One of the outputs of the filter 7 is connected by a pipe 8 to a valve 9 with an internal volume of the separator 10 by its glass 11. Upper part of the outer shell of the separator 10 is connected by a pipe 12 to the valve 13 with the inlet of the pump 3, and in its lower part there is a pipe with a valve 14 for evacuating the concentrate and draining the water. The second output of the filter 7 by pipelines 15, 16 through the valve 17 is connected to the collecting tank 18 for the purified liquid hydrocarbon medium. The first and second outputs of the filter 7 are separated by a valve 19. The collection tank 18 by pipelines 20, 21 through the valves 22, 23 are connected to the pump 24 for supplying purified oil during regeneration by the reverse current of the filter 7. The pump 3 is equipped with a bypass pipe and valves 25, 26. Prefilter 5 and the filter 7 in its lower part is equipped with nozzles with taps 27, 28 and 40 to remove contaminants of water and mechanical particles during regeneration. The separator 10 associated with the feed oil supply line is made of two coaxial shells 29 and 30 communicating in the lower part, a cup 11 is placed in the upper part of the inner shell, on the perforated bottom of which there is a set of round porous baffles 31 made of HPLM with increasing pore size along the way flow, and in the coaxial gap in the lower part of the shells 29, 30 there is a hydrophobic mesh 32 for separating uncoagulated microdroplets of water.

The filter 7, figure 2, is made in the form of a sandwich of several coaxial cylindrical porous partitions 33 of VPNM, the outer of which 34 is a dividing, as well as the inner surface 35 with drainage horizontal and vertical grooves of the last partition 36 are made with a hydrophobic coating. At the bottom of the filter 7 there is a collector 37 for collecting the separated water. The device is equipped with dividing valves 38, 39. To ensure the regime of multiple cleaning, the collecting tank 18 with taps 41 and 42 is equipped with a pipe 43 with a shut-off valve 44.

The method is as follows.

Oil from the receiving tank 1 is pumped through a pipe 2 through a pipe 4 to a pre-filter 5 through a pipe 4, where preliminary cleaning of mechanical particles takes place, and then through a pipe 6 to a filter 7. On the filter 7 in a tangential mode on its hydrophobic partition 34 made of highly porous cellular metal (HPLM) with the application of a fluoroplastic coating, part of the flow with the main volume of contaminants - mechanical particles and water droplets larger than the nominal pore size, is constantly fed to the separator 10 associated with the line p the supply of the original oil, where coagulation of water droplets takes place on a set of round porous baffles 31 of the HPMP with an increasing pore size along the flow installed on the perforated bottom of the cup 11 in the upper part of the inner shell 30. In the inner volume of the shell 30 during sedimentation in the field of gravity concentrated and thickening of contaminants, and uncoagulated microdroplets of water are separated on a hydrophobic grid 32 installed in the coaxial gap in the lower part of the shells 29, 30. Sludge is fed to the pump inlet 3. Cleaning The tangential flow of the liquid medium is carried out during coagulation of water droplets on subsequent cylindrical partitions 33 from the HPLC filter, made with increasing pore size along the flow, and separation of the passed microdrops of water on the hydrophobic inner surface 35 of the last partition 36 with horizontal and vertical drainage windows - grooves and collection and sedimentation of water in the collector 37 of the filter 7. To regenerate the filter 7, the taps 14, 9, 38 are closed, the taps 22, 23, 40 are opened, and the pump 24 is clean from the collection tank 18 o fraternal current is supplied to the output of the filter 7, the accumulated mechanical particles are thus removed from the porous surfaces of the partitions of the filter 7, after washing, the taps 22, 23, 40 are closed and the taps 14, 9, 38 are opened, the clean medium is pumped by the pump 24, the device is ready for work.

Thus, the use of the proposed method due to the constant separation of the main volume of mechanical particles and emulsified water from a turbulent flow of a liquid medium and further purification of an already less polluted stream, can significantly reduce energy consumption and increase the efficiency of cleaning hydrocarbon media.

Example 1

To assess the feasibility of implementing the method of oil purification, we used samples of spent hydraulic MGE-10A (GOST 8581-78) and Tp-22s turbine oil (GOST 32-74) (used oils were discharged from the products). Once in succession, the oils were pumped through a prefilter with 15 micron filter elements and pumped to the filter, where in a tangential mode on a hydrophobic baffle made of highly porous cellular metal (VPMN) with a fluoroplastic coating, part of the flow with the main volume of contamination - mechanical particles and water droplets larger than the nominal pore size was constantly fed into the separator associated with the feed line of the original oil. In the separator, water droplets were coagulated on a set of round porous partitions made of VPMN installed on the perforated bottom of the glass with increasing pore size along the flow in the upper part of the inner shell. In the volume of the inner shell during sedimentation in the field of gravity there was a concentration and thickening of contaminants. In this case, uncoagulated microdroplets of water were separated on a hydrophobic grid placed in a coaxial gap in the lower part of the shells. Sludge was fed to the pump inlet. The tangential flow of the liquid medium was cleaned by coagulation of microdroplets of water on subsequent cylindrical porous walls of the HPLC filter, made with increasing pore size during the course of the flow. The oil was separated from the breakthroughs of micro droplets of water on the hydrophobic inner surface of the last partition with vertical and horizontal drainage windows - grooves. In the collector, water droplets were collected and precipitated. Before testing hydraulic and turbine oils, the filter elements were washed, followed by drying under vacuum. The results of bench tests with an assessment of the quality of oils are shown in table 1.

Table 1
Results of bench tests for oil refining. Level of quality The value of the oil quality indicator Hydraulic MGE-10A Turbine TP-22s Before cleaning After cleaning Fresh GOST 8581-78 Before cleaning After cleaning Fresh GOST 32-74 The content of mechanical pollution,% 1.23 0,03 no more than 0,003 1.45 0.04 out Water content,% 3.52 0.08 out 2.63 0,07 out

Example 2

Assessment of the implementation of the claimed method was carried out on spent transformer oil TC GOST 982-85, merged from the product. Sequentially, the oil was fed to the pre-filter and the filter in a tangential mode. In this turbulent flow, a part of the oil with separated solid particles and water droplets with characteristic sizes greater than the nominal pore size of the external porous septum with a hydrophobic fluoroplastic filter coating was constantly carried out into the separator. The separator is connected to the supply line of the original oil and is assembled in the form of two communicating shells, with a set of round porous baffles from VPMN for coagulating microdroplets of water, installed on the perforated bottom of the glass in the upper part of the inner shell, with a set of increasing pores along the flow. During the sedimentation, the concentration and concentration of contaminants occurred in the volume of the latter, and further separation was carried out on a hydrophobic grid located in the coaxial gap in the lower part of the shells. The tangential flow of the liquid medium was cleaned by coagulating microdroplets of water on subsequent cylindrical partitions of the HPLC filter, made with increasing pore size along the flow, with separation of the passed microdrops of water on a hydrophobic one, with horizontal and vertical drainage windows - grooves of the inner surface of the last partition, with collection and deposition of them in the reservoir. After a single pumping, the mass content of solid particles and free water in the oil was estimated. The results are shown in table 2.

table 2
Refined Transformer Oil Cleaning Results Filter option The solids content, wt.% The free water content, wt.% Before cleaning After cleaning Before cleaning After cleaning One cycle 1.75 0,083 3.46 0,092

Thus, the use of the proposed method allows for significant purification of used oil from solid particles of contaminants and free water.

Literature

1. L.O. Manevich. Processing of transformer oils. - M .: Energy, 1975, ch. 3.

2. Patent No. 2135256 C. C1, RF, 1999

3. V.G. Kovalenko, V.V. Sereda. Automobile refueling facilities for oil and gas fuels. - M.: LLC "Vladmar", 2005, ch.10.

Claims (1)

The method of oil purification, including the supply of the original oil, separation of mechanical impurities on the filter dividing wall, coagulation - enlargement of microdroplets when the medium passes through the coagulating septum with their further separation from its surface by gravity, separation of uncoagulated microdroplets on the surface of its hydrophobic septum, subsequent deposition coagulated drops in the collector, characterized in that the oil is fed into the prefilter, separation and coagulation are carried out in a tangential ohm mode on the separating and coagulating porous filter walls, made in the form of a sandwich of several coaxial cylindrical surfaces of highly porous cellular metal - VPYAM, while when separating the external porous partition with the hydrophobic fluoroplastic coating on the outer generatrix, the bulk of the mechanical impurities and water are larger than the nominal the pore size by a turbulent flow of medium is constantly carried out into the separator, which is connected to the supply line of the original oil, collected in e two communicating coaxial shells, with a set of round porous walls from HPMP installed for the coagulation of microdroplets of water on a perforated bottom of the glass in the upper part of the inner shell, concentration and thickening of contaminants during sedimentation in the volume of the latter, further divided into hydrophobic mesh installed in the coaxial gap in the lower part of the shells, the supply of sludge to the pump inlet, and the tangential flow of the liquid medium is cleaned by coagulation of mic a droplet of water on subsequent cylindrical partitions from the HPMP filter, made with increasing pore size along the stream, separating the passed microdroplets of water on hydrophobic, with horizontal and vertical drainage windows - grooves, the inner surface of the last partition with the collection and deposition of them in the collector, while the filter removes the purified oil, and the regeneration of the filter is carried out by the reverse current of the purified medium.

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