RU2822103C1 - Road-railway crossing through kerch strait - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction of transport crossings over water obstacles.

SUBSTANCE: small-sized low automobile-railway crossing consists of a sliding barge bridge and two cable-stayed overpasses, equipped with short retractable supports inserted into guide bushings of cable-stayed overpasses, which in front of ice drift are lifted and free passages under cable-stayed overpasses for passage of ice drift, and at the end of ice drift, they are lowered from cable-stayed overpasses and inserted into connecting sleeves, which at depth of 2.5 m are fixed on piles driven into the bottom of the strait.

EFFECT: acceleration of ice drift between supports of crossing.

1 cl, 22 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of construction, namely, to the construction of transport crossings over water obstacles.

There is a well-known project for a transport crossing (RF patent 270.93.77 dated February 17, 2019) in which the overpasses stand on numerous supports.

The disadvantage of the known project is the problem of missing ice drift due to the presence of a large number of supports.

The objective of the invention is to develop a design for a transport crossing that ensures the passage of road and rail traffic, ships, and ice drift.

The task is solved by the fact that two cable-stayed overpasses of the transport crossing are equipped with retractable supports, which 360 days a year stand inserted into personal connecting couplings, fixed at a depth of 2.5 m on piles driven into the bottom of the strait and ensure the regular passage of road and railway flows, and during the ice drift (6 days), they climb onto the cable-stayed overpasses and, thereby, free up the passages under the Byte overpasses for the passage of the ice drift, at the end of which the retractable supports are again lowered from the cable-stayed overpasses and inserted into their personal connecting couplings, fixed on piles driven into the bottom of the strait, and ensure the regular passage of road and railway flows along cable-stayed overpasses.

The claimed invention is illustrated by drawings, where

in Fig. 1 - a general view of the transport crossing is given, a top view, the barge bridge is connected;

in Fig. 2 - general view of the transport crossing, the barge bridge is connected, side view;

in Fig. 3 - general view of a transport crossing with an extended barge bridge, side view;

in Fig. 4 - fragment of a transport crossing, top view;

in Fig. 5 - retractable support lowered;

in Fig. 6 - retractable support is raised;

in Fig. 7 - fragment of a cross-section of a cable-stayed overpass, retractable supports are lowered;

in Fig. 8 - fragment of a cable-stayed overpass, the retractable support is lowered, side view;

in Fig. 9 - fragment of a cable-stayed overpass, the retractable support is raised, side view;

in Fig. 10 - fragment of a cable-stayed overpass, retractable supports raised, cross section;

in Fig. 11 - fragment of a transport crossing, top view;

in Fig. 12 - cross-section of a cable-stayed overpass, retractable supports lowered;

in Fig. 13 - fragment of a cable-stayed overpass, location of stiffeners, top view;

in Fig. 14 - self-propelled barge No. 1, side view;

in Fig. 15 - self-propelled barge No. 1, top view;

in Fig. 16 - self-propelled barge No. 2, side view;

in Fig. 17 - self-propelled barge No. 2, top view;

in Fig. 18 - general view of 3 sections of platform 3 and self-propelled barge No. 1, side view;

in Fig. 19 - general view of the transition from self-propelled barge No. 1 to three sections of platform 3, side view;

in Fig. 20 - shows the fixation unit for section 3 of the platform in an inclined position, top view;

in Fig. 21 - shows the fixation unit for section 3 of the platform in an inclined position, side view;

in Fig. 22 - shows a panel of the fixation unit with holes for a bolt 17 with an electric drive.

The road-railway crossing across the Kerch Strait consists of a sliding barge bridge formed by docked icebreaker-class self-propelled barges, which, when undocking, float into their protective docks, formed by protective walls - 2 and covered with platforms - 3, with sections standing on them, their edges are put on guide piles - 4, driven into the bottom of the strait - 5, and which, with the help of electric winches - 6, attached to the upper ends of the guide piles - 4, are raised (lowered) by the dispatcher depending on the water level in the strait, as well as while ensuring a smooth rise ( descent) from adjacent sections of platform 3 to the barge bridge - 1. On the longitudinal axis of self-propelled barges - 1, sections - 3 platforms and cable-stayed overpasses - 7, a railway track - 8 is laid, on both sides of which two highway lanes are equipped - 9. Byte overpass - 7 is supported by pylons - 10, driven in pairs into the bottom of the strait - 5 every 150 m and by cable systems - 11. A pair of guide bushings - 12 are fixed to the overpass frame - 7 every 30 m, into which cylindrical retractable supports are inserted - 13, which, with the help of electric motors - 14, toothed gears - 15 and toothed plates - 16, fixed along each retractable support - 13 on both sides, move in guide bushings - 12 upwards in front of the ice drift and are fixed in the raised position with two bolts - 17, equipped with electric drives - 18, through holes - 19 in the retractable supports - 13. After ice drift, each retractable support - 13 is lowered along the guide sleeve - 12 using electric motors - 14 and gears - 15 and gear plates - 16 down and inserted into a personal coupling - 20 in the upper recess - 21, where its heel - 22 rests on a spring - 23, fixed on a metal plate - 24, concreted in the coupling - 20, which is put on with its lower recess - 25 on two driven piles - 26, threaded through the holes in a reinforced concrete slab - 27 and driven into the bottom of the strait - 5.

The structure of the cable-stayed overpass - 7 is reinforced with transverse stiffeners - 28. A pedestrian path - 29 is installed along the longitudinal edges of self-propelled barges - 1, sections of platforms 3 and cable-stayed overpasses - 7. Along the railway zone - 8, road lanes - 9 and pedestrian paths - 29 are laid curbs - 30 and bumpers -31.

In the area of the pylons - 10, the highway lanes - 9 have emergency car pockets - 32. Both protective docks - 2 have anti-ice protection on both sides - 33, and the pylons - 10 on both sides are protected from ice drift by ice cutters - 34, driven into the bottom of the strait - 5 in the same alignment with the pylons - 10, 50 meters from them and up to 3 meters above the water level - 35 in the bay. Self-propelled barges - 1 are equipped with engines - 36, propellers - 37, driver's cabin - 38 and rudders - 39, and in the bow with an upper protrusion - 40, a middle protrusion - 41, a lower protrusion - 42, an upper recess - 43, a middle recess - 44, with a lower recess - 45. On the aft part of each self-propelled barge - 1 there is a receiving platform - 46 with a width of 22 meters, whose floor level is below the level of the deck of the self-propelled barge - 1 by 15 cm. On the platform - 46 there are no railway tracks and highway lanes with curbs and is designed to receive the outermost section - 3 platform, which, when lowered, is installed on the platform - 46 and forms a common descent 47 for the 2 outer sections of the 3rd platform from the platform - 3 to a self-propelled barge - 1, since on the 1st extreme section - 3 platforms, the railway track and two highway lanes are made with a slope - 48. To ensure a smooth transition to the self-propelled barge - 1 from the extreme section 3 of the platform, the extreme section 3 is equipped with one hinged railway ladder - 49 and two automobile ladders - 50. The railway track - 8 on the railway ladder - 49 is connected to the railway track - 8 on self-propelled barge No. 1 using rail inserts - 51 and rail overlays. The cable-stayed overpass - 7 is assembled on a longitudinal frame - 52.

To fix sections 3 of the platform in the positions set by the dispatcher, fixation units are used, consisting of bolts fixed to sections 3 - 17 with electric drives, which interact with the holes of the fixation panel - 52, fixed to guide piles - 4.

All bolts with electric drives are equipped with end sensors, the readings of which are displayed on the dispatch control panel. To the docking corners on self-propelled barges, to the electric gates. drives on sections of platforms and on retractable supports of cable-stayed overpasses provide networks of pneumatic-thermal systems.

Operation of a sliding barge bridge

The initial position is taken to be the situation when the wash is open and the self-propelled barges are in their docks. The dispatchers of 2 platforms 3, after agreeing on the issue of docking self-propelled barges, give a command to the drivers of the self-propelled barges and they turn on the engines - 36 and the self-propelled barges float out of their docks towards each other and after 100 meters dock in the middle of the navigable passage of the sliding barge bridge. Docking operations are given in RF patent 270.9377 dated December 17, 2019. After receiving reports on the docking of self-propelled barges, each dispatcher from the control panel turns on the electric winches on the guide piles - 4 extreme sections of the platform and horizontally lowers it by 1 meter.

After this, the dispatcher again turns on the electric winches on the first two outer guide piles - 4 of the first section and lowers the edge of the first section of the platform with ladders - 49 and 50 onto the platform - 46 of the self-propelled barge. Having turned on the electric winches on the first two guide piles - 4 of the second section of the platform, the dispatcher lowers the front edge of the 2nd platform until it docks with the edge of the 1st inclined section of the platform. As a result of these operations, a common descent is formed - 47 from 2 inclined outer sections 1 and 2, which provides descent from the 3rd section of the platform to the self-propelled barge (Fig. 19). Inclined sections 1 and 2 are fixed by the dispatcher in the installed position using fixation units - bolts with electric drives and holes in the fixation panel. After this, the dispatcher gives the command to track workers to connect the railway rail joints on the self-propelled barge and on the railway ladder - 49 s using rail inserts - 51 and rail pads (Fig. 19). Upon completion of the track work and reports from the track workers, the dispatcher coordinates the start of movement on the barge bridge and turns on the permitting signals at the traffic lights for vehicles and agrees on the order of movement of the railway train across the barge bridge.

Raising the barge bridge

After agreeing on the issue of raising the barge bridge, the dispatcher uses traffic lights to block the movement of railways and vehicles across the barge bridge. After the barge bridge is cleared of traffic, the dispatcher gives the command to the track workers to remove the rail linings at the railway joints on the barge and on the railway ladder of the outer section of the platform. Having received a report on the completion of track work, the dispatcher turns on the four electric drives of the 4 bolts of the blocking unit on the control panel and unlocks the first outer section of the platform. After this, it turns on 2 electric winches on the first 2 guide piles of the outermost section of platform 1 and moves platform section 1 from an inclined position to a horizontal position. Includes 4 electric winches on 4 guide piles of the outer section of platform 1 and lifts it 1.5 meters above platform 46 of the self-propelled barge. After this, it turns on 4 electric drives, 4 bolts on 4 guide piles of the 2nd platform and unlocks the 2nd section of the platform. After this, the dispatcher turns on 2 electric winches and on the first 2 guide piles of the 2nd section of the platform and moves the inclined 2nd section of the platform to a horizontal position at a height of 1.5 meters above the platform 46 of the self-propelled barge. The dispatcher locks the 1st and 2nd sections of the platform in a horizontal position at a height of 1.5 meters above the platform 46 of the self-propelled barge using locking units. After this, the dispatcher gives a command to the workers located at the docking station for self-propelled barges to perform the operation of undocking the self-propelled barges. After receiving reports on the uncoupling of self-propelled barges, the dispatcher gives commands to the drivers to turn on engines 36 and sail the self-propelled barges into their docks. Self-propelled barges sail into their docks and clear the navigable passage of the sliding barge bridge for the passage of ships.

Operation of a sliding barge bridge when the water level in the strait changes

If the water level in the strait changes by 0.5 m, sensors in the docks will inform dispatchers about this.

The dispatcher coordinates traffic lights to stop automobile and railway traffic across the barge bridge. After the barge bridge is freed from transport, the dispatcher gives instructions to the track workers and they remove the rail pads from the joints of the railway tracks between the barge and the railway gangways.

After completing the track work and the report of the track workers, each dispatcher, through the fixation angles, unlocks the fixation of the 2 outer sections and platforms 1 and 2 and, turning on the electric winches on the guide piles of the 1st and 2nd sections of the platform, simultaneously raises (lowers) the inclined sections 1 and 2 platforms at 0.5 m, while ensuring a smooth descent (ascent) from the 3rd section of the platform to the barge bridge, already at a new water level in the strait.

Sections 1 and 2 are blocked by fixation units under new water level conditions in the strait. After this, track workers install rail pads at the junctions of the barge’s railway rail and the railway ladder and report this to dispatchers.

The dispatchers coordinately use traffic lights to open vehicular traffic across the barge bridge and agree on the procedure for the passage of the railway train.

Operation of a sliding barge bridge in winter

In winter, the sliding barge bridge operates normally. Twice a day the barge bridge is opened for 1-2 hours to allow the passage of ships accumulated at the anchorage and connected twice a day. The operations of opening the bridge and connecting are described above. Regular connection and opening of the barge bridge helps self-propelled icebreaker-class barges to regularly navigate their route and prevent the formation of ice cover. Regular passage of ships also prevents the formation of ice cover on the ship traffic breaker. Networks of pneumatic-thermal systems are connected to the docking points on self-propelled barges, to the bolts with electric drives in the fixing points on sections of platforms and on the retractable supports of overpasses.

Operation of a transport crossing during ice drift

Upon receiving information from weather forecasters about the approaching start of ice drift in 3-5 days, the dispatcher of the two platforms of the sliding barge bridge coordinately begins to carry out a list of operations to transfer the sliding barge bridge and 2 cable-stayed overpasses standing on retractable supports to the ice drift mode. The dispatcher, in coordination with the help of traffic lights, stops traffic across the sliding barge bridge and, after it is freed from transport, performs the operations to open the sliding barge bridge, which are described above. Self-propelled barges float into their docks, are installed flush with the entrance to the docks and are attached with cables to guide piles - 4.

After this, the dispatcher begins the operation of lifting the retractable supports 13 from the connecting couplings 20 onto the cable-stayed overpass. Each dispatcher organizes the lifting of retractable supports on his section of a cable-stayed overpass 2.25 km long with 62 pairs of retractable supports. Two mechanics, as directed by the dispatcher, are located on the cable-stayed overpass at the first pair of retractable supports downstream from the platform, inserted into personal couplings - 20, located at a depth of 2.5 m from the water level in the strait. The dispatcher from the control panel turns on 2 electric drives - 18 of the first retractable support, which extend two bolts - 17 from the retractable support - 13 and - release it from fixation in the lowered position.

Limit sensors on the bolts - 17 inform the dispatcher's control panel about this. After this, the dispatcher turns on 2 electric motors - 14, which rotate two toothed gears - 15, which are in engagement with two toothed plates - 16, fixed on both sides on a retractable support, along it. Rotating gears - 15 move the gear bars and lift the retractable support along the guide sleeve - 12 up to the stop of the heel - 22 of the retractable support into the lower end of the guide sleeve - 12. The retractable support - 13 is raised above the cable-stayed overpass - 7 (Fig. 6). The dispatcher turns on 2 electric drives - 18, which drive the bolts - 17 through the holes - 19 into the raised retractable support - 13 and fix it in the raised position. Limit sensors on the bolts - 17 of the retractable support - 13 inform the dispatcher at the control panel about this.

Mechanics control the process of raising the retractable support above the cable-stayed overpass and fixing it in the raised position, eliminating problems that arise. After lifting the first retractable support, the mechanics move on to the 2nd retractable support of the first pair of retractable supports. The dispatcher from the control panel raises the 2nd retractable support in the same way as raising the first retractable support. The time to lift a pair of retractable supports is about 3-5 minutes. The time to lift 62 pairs of retractable supports installed on 2.25 km of cable-stayed overpass is 310 minutes or 5.2 hours (5 minutes * 62 pairs). Since two dispatchers simultaneously simultaneously lift retractable supports in their sections, the total time for raising all 124 pairs of retractable supports on 2 cable-stayed overpasses will be 5.2 hours.

When using 2 control panels for the process of raising retractable supports on one cable-stayed overpass (2.25 km long), one at the platform manager and the second at the entrance post before entering the overpass, with general control of the platform dispatcher, 62 pairs of retractable supports on one cable-stayed overpass are conditionally divided into two groups - 31 pairs of retractable supports, and then the total time for raising 62 pairs of retractable supports will be 155 minutes. (5 min * 31 pairs) or 2.6 hours. In this case, with the synchronous work of 2 dispatchers and 2 assistant dispatchers and 4 teams of mechanics, the total time for raising all 124 pairs of retractable supports on 2 cable-stayed overpasses will be 2.6 hours.

The retractable supports raised on the cable-stayed overpasses clear the passages under the Bytovy overpasses and therefore do not interfere with the passage of the ice drift, as do the connecting couplings located at a depth of 2.5 meters from the water level in the strait.

During the active phase of ice drift (3-5 days), the transport crossing through the Kerch Strait does not work.

After the end of the active phase of the ice drift, the dispatcher and the mechanic carry out the operation of lowering the retractable supports from the cable-stayed overpasses and inserting them into the couplings secured to the ends of the piles driven into the bottom of the strait. Both dispatchers, by agreement, begin the process of lowering the retractable supports, each on their own section of the cable-stayed overpass. The dispatcher on the control panel turns on 2 electric drives - 18 of two bolts - 17 of the first retractable support along the platform - 13 and pulls out 2 bolts - 17 from 2 holes - 19 of the first retractable support and thereby unlocks it. The controller turns on 2 electric motors - 14, which rotate 2 toothed gears - 15, which act on 2 toothed strips - 16, mounted on the retractable support, along it, and move the retractable support along the guide sleeve - 12 down until it rests against the bottom of the recess 21 of the coupling 20. The retractable support - 13 is inserted into the recess 21 of the coupling - 20 (Fig. 5). The dispatcher turns on 2 electric drives - 18, which move 2 bolts - 17 into the holes - 19 of the retractable support and block it in the lowered position and inserted into the coupling - 20. The mechanics located nearby control the process of lowering and inserting the retractable support. After lowering, inserting and fixing the first retractable support in the first pair, the dispatcher similarly lowers and fixes the second retractable support of the first along the pair of retractable supports. The time to lower and fix a pair of retractable supports is about 3-5 minutes.

Two dispatchers and two teams of mechanics will lower all 124 pairs of retractable supports on 2 cable-stayed overpasses across the Kerch Strait in 310 minutes (5 minutes* 62 pairs) or 5.2 hours.

After installing all retractable supports in connecting couplings - 20, the carrying capacity of 2 cable-stayed overpasses was restored, which makes it possible to resume road and rail transportation through the Kerch Strait.

A month before the start of ice drift, the dispatcher carries out a routine, alternate control raising and lowering of all 124 pairs of retractable supports while ships are passing through the navigable passage of the sliding barge bridge. This is up to 4 hours a day.

Claims (1)

A road-railway crossing across the Kerch Strait, consisting of a sliding barge bridge and two cable-stayed overpasses equipped with retractable cylindrical supports inserted into guide bushings mounted on the frames of the cable-stayed overpasses evenly along their entire length with the possibility of moving once a year before the start of ice drift up by means of electric motors and gears in the form of toothed gears and gear strips, fixed on both sides on a retractable support, and fixing the cylindrical supports in the raised position with bolts with electric drives to clear the passages under the cable-stayed overpasses and allow ice drift to pass, as well as unlocking the supports at the end of the ice drift through control from control rooms consoles placed on the platforms of the sliding barge bridge, while at the ends of the piles driven into the bottom of the strait, connecting couplings are fixed at a depth of 2.5 m to fix the supports extending along the guide bushings in the lowered position by means of bolts.

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