RU2819025C1 - Method of producing yarn from dog hair - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: spinning.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to spinning of dog hair. Method of producing yarn from dog hair includes stages of processing, combing and spinning. At the stage of treatment, dog hair for disinfection and odor elimination is soaked in an aqueous solution containing 0.1–0.3 wt % of liquid bleaching agent based on sodium hypochlorite, then washed in an aqueous solution containing 2–5 wt % of the shampoo composition, and rinsed in an aqueous solution containing 2–5 wt % of the conditioning composition, and then in pure water. Further, the wool is dried at temperature of 40–50 °C, while placing the wool between layers of fabric. At the final stage of spinning, the prepared dry wool is supplied for spinning with fingers soaked in water.

EFFECT: invention makes it possible to create articles from dog hair with high hygienic and operational properties for daily wear.

4 cl, 7 dwg, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of spinning, in particular from dog hair [D02G 3/00, D02G 3/02, D02G 3/04, D04B 1/00].

Dog hair is used as a natural fiber and is very similar to rabbit hair. Dog hair has such advantages as moisture absorption, high breathability, tactile attractiveness and good drapability; it also has a healing effect on the skin and body [Bayurov L.I., Mikheeva K.D. Properties of dog hair and possible ways of its use // Polythematic network electronic scientific journal of the Kuban State Agrarian University, No. 176, 2022, Page. 16-35.]. Prospects for application are the availability of raw materials - dog hair, and its low cost in comparison with other natural fibers.

Known from the prior art is a YARN FROM MIXED DOG WOOL AND RABBIT WOOL AND A METHOD FOR ITS MANUFACTURE [CN 110699808 A, publ.: 01/17/2020], formed by mixing and weaving raw materials, including dog hair and rabbit hair, while the mass fraction dog hair is 70-80%, the mass fraction of rabbit hair is 20-30%.

The disadvantage of the known solutions is the insufficient strength of the finished products when worn, since dog hair in its pure form does not have good wear resistance.

The closest in technical essence is the METHOD OF MANUFACTURING YARN FROM A MIXTURE OF DOG HAIR AND POLYESTER [CN 110565226 A, publ.: 12/13/2019], where the mixed yarn is formed by mixing and weaving dog hair and polyester raw materials after processing procedures, including ultraviolet treatment or ozone with the addition of 4% hair oil, 1% smoothing agent, 0.3% antistatic agent and 0.1% detangling agent, then mixing, combing, mixing, pulling, spinning. Blended yarn contains 70-80% dog hair and 20-30% polyester by weight.

The disadvantage of the known solutions is the use of synthetic threads that do not allow air to pass through well, which, when using this yarn for knitting warm clothes close to the body, can lead to an increase in moisture on the surface of the skin. Another disadvantage is the high likelihood of allergies when using products made from such yarn due to the poor quality of cleaning dog hair when preparing it for spinning.

The main objective of the invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of analogues and the prototype.

The technical result consists in making it possible to create products from dog hair for everyday wear by humans with high hygienic and performance properties.

This technical result is achieved due to the fact that the method of producing yarn from dog hair, including the stages of processing, combing and spinning, characterized in that at the processing stage, dog hair is soaked in an aqueous solution containing 0.1-0 for disinfection and odor removal. , 3 wt.% liquid bleach based on sodium hypochlorite, washed in an aqueous solution containing 2-5 wt.% shampoo composition, rinsed in an aqueous solution containing 2-5 wt.% conditioning composition, and then in clean water, dried at temperature of 40-50 degrees Celsius, placing wool between layers of fabric, and the spinning stage includes the use of prepared dry wool, which is fed for spinning with fingers dipped in water.

Specifically, dog hair is soaked in an aqueous solution containing sodium hypochlorite-based liquid bleach for 5-15 minutes.

In particular, dog hair is washed in an aqueous solution containing a shampoo composition for 5-10 minutes.

In particular, dog hair is rinsed in an aqueous solution containing a conditioning composition for 5-10 minutes.

Brief description of the drawings.

Figure 1 shows a knitting pattern consisting of rows with knit and purl loops 3.

Figure 2 shows a knitting pattern consisting of rows with knit and purl loops 3, the outer loops of each row are made only with knit stitches 1.

Figure 3 shows a knitting pattern with alternating rows with knit and purl loops 3 and rows with knit loops 4.

Figure 4 shows an example of a first finished product.

Figure 5 shows an example of a second finished product.

Figure 6 shows an example of a third finished product.

Figure 7 shows an example of a fourth finished product.

The figures indicate: 1 - front loop, 2 - purl loop, 3 - row with front and back loops, 4 - row with front loops, 5 - seam, 6 - patterned trim, 7 - outermost row of patterned trim loops.

The proposed method for producing yarn from dog hair is carried out as follows.

First, they choose dog hair, mainly long-haired dogs, for example, Samoyed husky, collie, Siberian husky, Newfoundland, shepherd dog (shepherd, Caucasian, etc.) are excellent for producing yarn, since they have a thick undercoat and long hair.

Caucasian Shepherds, Central Asian Shepherds, German Shepherds, East European Shepherds have the toughest and piercing fur, suitable for providing electrophoresis when the fur comes into contact with the skin, thereby creating a warming and analgesic effect, considered the most useful.

The Afghan Hound, for example, has a very strong and dense coat.

The wool of the South Russian Shepherd, Black Terrier has an increased ability to completely repel moisture.

Samoyed husky, Siberian husky, collie, sheltie, St. Bernard, Newfoundland, chow chow, poodle, lapdog, etc. have soft and pleasant wool, soft, suitable for knitting items for children.

Dog hair is used combed or blown; it has been experimentally proven that this provides maximum length and, accordingly, prevents hair from falling out of the yarn, including due to the sharp edge of the cut of the fibers.

Moreover, it is possible to combine wool from different breeds of dogs when implementing the proposed method.

Stages of processing dog hair.

Processing (cleaning) of wool is carried out in stages.

It should be noted that dog hair should only be soaked by hand, since mechanical means, such as automatic machines, can deform the hair - stretch or tear it.

As is known from the prior art, the water temperature must be constant to prevent any wool from matting, no more than 30-35 degrees Celsius.

Combed or blown dog hair is collected and soaked in an aqueous solution with the addition of liquid bleach based on sodium hypochlorite, which has antibacterial properties, to disinfect and eliminate odor in the following ratio of components, wt.%:

liquid bleach based on sodium hypochlorite - 0.1-0.3,

water - 99.7-99.9.

Dog hair is soaked in the above solution for 5-15 minutes, depending on the level of contamination of the hair and the thickness of the fibers.

Then the dog's hair is washed in an aqueous solution with the addition of detergent, for the final stage of cleaning and neutralizing the odor of liquid bleach based on sodium hypochlorite in the following ratio of components, wt.%:

detergent - 2.0-5.0,

water - 95.0-98.0.

Any shampoo intended for animals or humans, for any hair type, can be used as a detergent.

The dog's hair is washed in the above solution for 5-15 minutes, depending on the level of contamination of the hair and the thickness of the fibers.

It is preferable to use a low-foaming detergent, which reduces rinsing time and the risk of deformation of the dog's fur.

These proportions of aqueous solutions with the addition of liquid bleach based on sodium hypochlorite and with the addition of detergent are justified by the level of wool contamination and, as determined experimentally, are optimal for achieving low allergenicity of products and maximum cleaning of dog fur from contaminants without loss of its integrity and basic properties, for example, heat capacity and hygroscopicity.

Next, the dog hair is rinsed in an aqueous solution with a conditioning composition for softness at the following ratio of components, wt.%:

conditioning composition - 2.0-6.0,

water - 94.0-98.0.

Any conditioner intended for animals or humans, for any hair type, can be used as a conditioning composition.

Dog hair is soaked in the above solution for 5-10 minutes, depending on the level of thickness of the hair and its hardness (determined by the breed of dog).

The conditioning composition allows you to reduce the porosity of the fibers, increase the softness, elasticity and smoothness of dog hair fibers and, therefore, reduce the effort when combing and minimize their fragility and deformation during spinning and knitting, reducing the electrification of the fibers.

After this, the dog's hair is rinsed in clean water until maximum water clarity is achieved and there is no foam on its surface.

Drying stage.

The aforementioned dog hair is collected by hand and removed from the water.

Drying dog hair is carried out in a cloth or fabric bag so that the hair does not fit tightly together. The fabric removes excess moisture and prevents fibers from tangling and mold from forming during long-term storage. It is worth considering that drying is carried out at a temperature of 40-50 degrees Celsius due to natural sunlight, heating radiators at an acceptable distance that ensures the above temperature, etc. Drying with electric devices, such as a hairdryer, is not allowed, as high temperatures can deform the fibers, causing them to become brittle and unsuitable for spinning.

Wait for the dog hair fibers to dry completely. Complete drying time depends on the drying agent used.

Combing stage.

To create yarn, the dog's hair is first combed lengthwise using hand combs. The wool is placed in a bunch on one comb and passed longitudinally from top to bottom with a second comb several times until a homogeneous and soft composition is obtained. The combed wool is removed from the comb and folded into layers.

Spinning stage.

An electric spinning wheel is used to create yarn from dog hair.

First, a small piece of starting thread of any kind (cotton, acrylic, etc.) is threaded through the spinning wheel and secured with a knot. The minimum size of the starting thread is 15-20 cm, so that there is enough space for subsequent winding of dog hair at the end of the above thread. The starting thread is only required during the spinning process, and during the knitting process it is not used and is removed with scissors.

Turn on the spinning wheel.

Then, in small bunches (no more than 1.5 cm), with forward movements, the wool, previously collected in layers, is spun onto the initial thread.

It is worth considering that the feeding of dog hair for spinning is carried out with the fingers soaked in water immediately before winding the thread, which makes it possible to evenly distribute the dog hair along the formed thread and fix the fibers when drying, preventing the wool from spreading (if threaded with dry hands).

Initially, all layers of wool are not wetted (for example, without drying it completely or completely wetting the entire volume of wool used), since it sticks to the hands and is unevenly consumed during the spinning process.

This creates a yarn made from dog hair, formed into a ball.

The proposed method of knitting from this yarn is carried out as follows (Fig. 1-Fig. 3).

To do this, use the resulting yarn from dog hair and cotton threads.

It is worth noting that the cotton thread is thin and to improve the strength of the product, the cotton thread is used in several layers - 4-10 threads are combined with a slight twist into one thread. The range of 4-10 threads is determined by the size of the future product, its purpose and the desired color saturation of the formed product.

Thread the cotton thread into the thread guide of the knitting machine.

Turn on the knitting machine.

Pull out the required number of knitting machine needles for the product. The number of retractable needles depends on the type of product and is produced using known knitting techniques on a knitting machine.

First, a layer of facial loops 1 is made of cotton thread on a row; its application is formed automatically using a knitting machine in the front non-working position of the knitting machine (PNP, for example, on the Brother Topical-7 KH-930 knitting machine model it is designated as E, on others models may be designated as D).

One iteration of the knitting machine carriage – one row.

After the first iteration of the carriage, a second layer is applied on the same row, which consists of purl loops 2 from the resulting dog hair yarn. The purl loops 2 are made by entwining the needles in a loop manner, that is, purl loops 2 are manually applied to each needle over the front loops 1 of cotton thread.

It should be noted that the application of purl loops 2 on the needles is carried out in the PNP mode or in the middle non-working position of the knitting machine (SNP, for example, on the Brother Topical-7 KH-930 knitting machine model it is designated as D, on other models it can be designated as C).

It has been experimentally revealed that the middle non-working position mode of the knitting machine is used if purl loops 2 from the resulting dog hair yarn are discarded in the PNP, for example, when knitting some parts of the product that require bending when worn.

Thus, the first row with knit and purl loops 3 is obtained (see Fig. 1).

Moreover, if the product further provides seams on the outer vertical rows (at the edges, for example, connecting seams 5 for socks), then purl loops 2 from the resulting yarn are not applied to the outer vertical rows of the obtained front loops 1 from cotton thread (see Fig. 2 ).

Then they move on to the next row and with this alternation of front loops 1 made of cotton thread and purl loops 2 made of dog hair yarn, they complete the entire process of knitting the product. An example of a knitting pattern is shown in Fig. 3.

Moreover, the knitting process can be carried out manually by simultaneously combining the front loops 1 from cotton thread and the purl loops 2 from dog hair yarn.

It is worth noting that Fig. 1-Fig. 3 show examples of implementation schemes that are not limited to a square with 9 rows and 9 columns.

The formation of seams 5 can be done manually (Fig. 4).

An example of a knitting method using dog hair yarn (Fig. 4-Fig. 7).

The author of this application in 2022-2023. products were manufactured according to the claimed method (see Fig.4-Fig.6).

Initially, for the manufacture of products presented in Fig.4-Fig.6, knitting was carried out by hand in the form of a patterned finish (Fig.4). Patterned finishing can be done using either cotton yarn or other types of yarn.

Next, the resulting patterned finish was transferred to the knitting machine, fixing the outer row of loops of the patterned finish 7 on the knitting machine needles located at the level of the front non-working position of the knitting machine (PNP, for example, on the Brother Topical-7 KH-930 knitting machine model it is designated as E, on other models it may be designated as D), and the mating was performed using the claimed method.

For the manufacture of some parts of the product that require bending when worn, for example, toes and heels, alternating rows with the above-mentioned front and back loops 3 and rows with front loops 4 is used, as this is presented in Fig. 3, and is also implemented in Fig. 4-fig.6. It should be noted that for these parts of the products in Fig.4-Fig.6, the application of purl loops 2 from the resulting yarn on the needles was carried out in the middle non-working position of the knitting machine (SNP, for example, on the Brother Topical-7 KH-930 knitting machine model it designated as D, on other models may be designated as C). Thus, an optimally comfortable density of these parts for subsequent wear has been achieved. In Fig.4-Fig.6, the well-known technique of casting on loops for the toe and heels was used (60 loops for 36-39 leg sizes), using the above method of alternating rows.

The formation of seams 5 was performed on a knitting machine. Along the formation of the connection from the wrong side, loops were formed using a knitting machine, then they were secured using a loop catcher using methods known from the prior art (see Fig. 3).

For example, Fig. 7 shows a variant of using the proposed method for creating slippers. For the base - the sole, a felt insole is used, the remaining parts are made of hand-fastened parts knitted on a knitting machine using the claimed method (see Fig. 2).

Thus, it is possible to create products from dog hair for everyday wear by humans with high hygienic and performance properties, namely:

- ensuring a high level of hygienic properties is achieved through:

1) achieving low allergenicity of products and maximum purification from contaminants due to the above-described method of processing yarn from dog hair without loss of its integrity and basic properties, for example, heat capacity and hygroscopicity;

2) high breathability (the ability to let air and evaporation through), i.e. yarn made from dog hair is hygroscopic (the ability to accumulate moisture and hold it inside, the effect of a “dry compress”), and the cotton threads used on the front side of the product do not retain excess moisture and facilitate its removal, unlike synthetic fabrics;

- ensuring a high level of performance properties for everyday wear is achieved through:

1) the gentle treatment described above (cleaning that minimizes the deformation of the fibers; the wool is not exposed to high temperatures and prolonged exposure to chemicals that destroy the structure of the fibers), using a conditioning composition that ensures softness and minimizes the fragility of dog hair fibers during combing and at the spinning stage, which affects for the duration and comfort of use of products;

2) feeding for spinning dog hair with fingers soaked in water, which makes it possible to evenly distribute dog hair along the formed thread and fix its fibers when drying, preventing the wool from spreading (if threaded with dry hands) and uneven distribution (when the wool is initially all wet) , which affects the duration and comfort of use of products;

3) preventing rapid wear of yarn made from dog hair (since dog hair is not wear-resistant and quickly rubs off when rubbing against the surface) through the use of cotton threads on the front side of the product.

Additional positive properties are the provision of an aesthetic appearance (for example, color) of products (Fig. 4-Fig. 7) through the use of cotton threads on the front (outer) side of the product; therefore, dyeing yarn from dog hair is not required, which significantly reduces the time for creating edition products and maintaining the integrity of dog hair fibers and the basic properties of dog hair.

Claims (4)

1. A method for producing yarn from dog hair, including the stages of processing, combing and spinning, characterized in that at the processing stage, dog hair is soaked in an aqueous solution containing 0.1-0.3 wt.% liquid bleach for disinfection and odor removal. based on sodium hypochlorite, washed in an aqueous solution containing 2-5 wt.% of the shampoo composition, rinsed in an aqueous solution containing 2-5 wt.% of the conditioning composition, and then in clean water, dried at a temperature of 40-50 ° C, placing wool between layers of fabric, and the spinning stage involves the use of prepared dry wool, which is fed for spinning with the fingers dipped in water. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the dog’s hair is soaked in an aqueous solution containing liquid bleach based on sodium hypochlorite for 5-15 minutes. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the dog’s hair is washed in an aqueous solution containing a shampoo composition for 5-10 minutes. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the dog’s hair is rinsed in an aqueous solution containing a conditioning composition for 5-10 minutes.