RU2818841C1 - Cabbage harvester - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture; machine building.

SUBSTANCE: cabbage harvester comprises cutting device (1) with oscillating lifters (2) and guides (3) with wedge-shaped knives (4), clamping elastic mesh conveyor (5), remote belt conveyor (6) with upper deflecting drum (7) and lower deflecting drum (8) equipped with flanges (9), as well as processing table (11). In the machine, the linear speed of the web of the clamping elastic mesh conveyor ϑ_n is accepted above linear speed of remote belt conveyor web ϑ_b with respect to ϑ_n/ϑ_b≥(L+l_l)/L, here L is the length of the remote conveyor, l_l is the length of the cabbage leaf.

EFFECT: providing the flow of cabbages to the processing table without accompanying wastes in the form of cabbage leaves, due to which the process of inspecting cabbages on the processing table is improved.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural engineering, and in particular to machines for harvesting cabbage.

According to patent No. 2767196 C1 (application 2021116603) [1], a cabbage harvesting machine is known, containing a cutting apparatus with oscillating lifters and guides with wedge-shaped knives, a pressing elastic mesh conveyor with an upper deflection drum and a lower deflection drum equipped with flanges, as well as a finishing table.

The disadvantage of the known cabbage harvesting machine is that in the machine the device for transporting heads of cabbage after cutting, consisting of an external belt conveyor and a pressing elastic mesh conveyor, does not fully separate free cabbage leaves from the flow of heads of cabbage, in particular, the leaves that ended up under the heads of cabbage during their arrival from the cutting zone onto the web of the external conveyor, since they continue to be fixed on the web by the pressing force of the elastic mesh through the heads of cabbage and the weight of the heads of cabbage themselves.

The claimed invention is aimed at solving the following problem: ensuring that free rosette cabbage leaves that arrive on the external conveyor belt are completely sifted to the ground.

The solution to the identified problem provides the following technical result: to a greater extent, it ensures the flow of heads of cabbage to the finishing table without accompanying waste in the form of cabbage leaves, which facilitates the process of inspecting heads of cabbage on the finishing table.

To solve the indicated problem in the well-known cabbage harvesting machine, the linear speed of the web of the pressing elastic mesh conveyor ϑ _p is taken higher than the linear speed of the web of the external belt conveyor ϑ _b in relation to:

ϑ _p /ϑ _b ≥(L+l _l )/L,

where L is the length of the external conveyor,

l _l - length of cabbage leaf.

Taking the linear speed of the web of the pressing elastic mesh conveyor higher than the linear speed of the web of the external conveyor in the specified ratio makes it possible to transport cabbage heads on the web of the external conveyor with simultaneous rolling. In which the heads of cabbage roll over the surface of the leaves underneath, as a result of which the latter lose pressure from the heads of cabbage and gradually slide to the ground under the influence of their own weight.

The above relationship is defined as follows. When the head of cabbage moves plane-parallel, the translational part of its movement is carried out at the speed of the external conveyor belt ϑ _b . In this case, the movement of the head of cabbage along the path L from the beginning to the end of the external conveyor occurs in the time

In order for during this time (during the passage of the head of cabbage from the beginning to the end of the external conveyor) the cabbage leaf, pressed in the area of the handle (this is the worst case), to be freed from the pressure of the head of cabbage, the cabbage leaf must be rolled by the head of cabbage along the entire length l _l , t .e. the following condition must be met:

where Δϕ is the rolling angle of the head of cabbage on the external conveyor belt during the time Δt;

R is the radius of the head of cabbage;

ϑ _p is the linear speed of the clamping conveyor web, equal to the speed of the center C of the head of cabbage when it is recessed into the elastic mesh by the value R.

From here

Solving equations (1) and (2) together, we obtain:

Hence, in order for cabbage leaves to be freed from under the heads of cabbage in all possible cases while they are on the external conveyor belt, it is necessary to fulfill the following condition (exceeding the linear speed of the pressure conveyor belt in relation to the linear speed of the external conveyor belt):

In fig. 1 shows a side view of a cabbage harvester; FIG. 2 - local view A, in Fig. Figure 3 shows the linear speed of movement of the web of the external conveyor ϑ _b and the linear speed of movement of the web of the elastic mesh clamping conveyor ϑ _p in the process of transporting the head of cabbage from the cutting zone towards the finishing table.

The cabbage harvesting machine (Fig. 1) contains a cutting apparatus 1 with oscillating lifters 2 and guides 3 (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2) with wedge-shaped knives 4, a pressing elastic mesh conveyor 5, a narrow remote belt conveyor 6 with an upper deflection drum 7 and a lower a deflecting drum 8 with flanges 9, extended elastic petals 10, as well as a finishing table 11.

In a cabbage harvester, the linear speed of the web of the elastic mesh pressing conveyor 5 (Fig. 3) is taken higher than the linear speed of the web of the external conveyor 6 in relation to:

where L is the length of the remote conveyor;

l _l - length of cabbage leaf;

ϑ _p - linear speed of the elastic mesh clamping conveyor;

ϑ _b - linear speed of the external conveyor belt.

The cabbage harvester (Fig. 1) operates as follows. When the cabbage harvester is operating, the cutting device 1 is directed along the row being harvested.

In this case, the lifters 2 and the guides 3 align the cabbage plants and bring them to the wedge-shaped oscillating knives 4. The knives, when acting together, bring the cabbage plants into the symmetry plane (in the middle) of the cutting apparatus and cut off the heads of cabbage along with the rosette leaves. As a result, the rosette leaves lose contact with the head of cabbage. Next, under the combined action of the narrow external conveyor 6 and the elastic mesh clamping elastic mesh clamping conveyor 5, the heads of cabbage are taken to the finishing table 11.

At the same time, rosette leaves located along the edges of the cutting apparatus and the external conveyor blade are removed from the cutting zone and sifted to the ground. And the cabbage leaves, which are on the external conveyor under the heads of cabbage, are released as the heads of cabbage are transported, since the latter, in the process of forward motion, roll on the external conveyor belt due to the higher linear speed of the pressure conveyor blade, rolling the leaves along the entire length while they are on the external conveyor belt conveyor Speed ratio selected in such a way that the cabbage leaves are released from under the heads of cabbage in all possible cases of being under the heads of cabbage on the remote conveyor.

Next, the cabbage leaves, freed from the pressure of the heads of cabbage, gradually slide from the narrow canvas of the external conveyor to the ground under the influence of their own weight.

Thus, the adopted technical solution makes it possible to achieve the named technical result - to a greater extent ensures the flow of heads of cabbage to the finishing table without accompanying waste in the form of cabbage leaves, which improves the process of inspecting heads of cabbage on the finishing table.

A source of information:

1. RF Patent No. 2767196, IPC A01D 45/26. Cabbage harvester. Publ. 03/16/2022, Bulletin. No. 8.

Claims (1)

A cabbage harvesting machine containing a cutting apparatus with oscillating lifters and guides with wedge-shaped knives, a pressing elastic mesh conveyor, an external belt conveyor with an upper deflection drum and a lower deflection drum equipped with flanges, as well as a finishing table, characterized in that in the machine the linear speed of the presser web elastic mesh conveyor ϑ _p is taken higher than the linear speed of the external belt conveyor web ϑ _b in the ratio ϑ _p /ϑ _b ≥(L+l _l )/L, , here L is the length of the external conveyor, l _l is the length of the cabbage leaf.