RU2236111C2 - Flax harvesting machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering.

SUBSTANCE: flax harvesting machine has pulling unit, conveyor for transfer of flax strip for spreading, flattening unit having rolls arranged one above another, and flax strip spreading device. Groove of flax strip spreading device is composed of several portions, with first portion adjoining conveyor for transfer of flax strip for spreading. Second portion is extending along arc of circle and outer portion is directed in longitudinal-vertical plane of machine to soil surface. Flattening rolls are arranged in the zone of first portion. Upper roll is mounted on frame spring-loaded by compression spring. Frame is positioned with two degrees of freedom to provide for displacement of upper roll in parallel with lower roll or for displacement of any end of upper roll by different distances relative to lower roll.

EFFECT: improved quality of spread flax strip, increased efficiency of machine, uniform flattening of stalks and increased yield of fiber.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, specifically to machines for harvesting flax.

Known flax tiller [1 p. 7, 2], which consists of dividers, a top-lifting apparatus, a transverse conveyor and a spreading device in the form of a spreading shield.

Known flax retractor [3], including a top-lifting belt, pulleys and an output device that directs the spent mass to the spread.

Known flax harvester [4 p. 110, 5], containing dividers, top-lifting apparatus, transverse conveyor, clamping conveyor, stripping apparatus, conveyor heap and spreading board.

The main disadvantage of all these machines is that they do not have rollers for flattening the stems, which increases the quality of the trust and the output of fiber from it.

Known flax harvester [6], containing a top-lifting apparatus, transverse and clamping conveyors, a combing drum, flattening rollers and a spreading board. For this combine, the transverse and clamping conveyors are installed perpendicular to the longitudinally vertical plane of the machine, and the clamping conveyor transfers the flax tape to the spread. Flatting rollers are located in front of the clamping conveyor, the lower roller being mounted coaxially with the leading pulley of the top clutch section, and the diameter of this roller is made not less than the diameter of the outer surface of the belt of the clutch section in the section of the leading pulley.

In existing flax harvesters, for the high-quality execution of the technological process, the speed of the top-lifting belts is approximately two times higher than the speed of the belts of the clamping conveyor. As can be seen in the diagram explaining the principal design of flatting rollers [6], the lower roller is fixedly mounted on the shaft of the drive pulley of the topping belt. Therefore, the peripheral speed of the rollers is not less than the speed of the top-lifting belts, and when the tape is transferred from the flatting rollers to the clamping belts, it is densified and pressed.

Flax harvesters also have to work in a humid field, when a lot of land remains on the lumps of the harvested plants, and the butt part of the stems is also very damp. In such conditions, due to the sticking of the stems with the ground to the rollers and the pre-pressing of the tape, it is difficult to remove the stems from the rollers, there are windings of raw flax on the rollers and clogging of the machine. This is a fundamental disadvantage of the arrangement of the apparatus for flattening stems in a flax harvester.

Another disadvantage of the analyzed combine [6] is that it uses a passive spreading panel behind the clamping conveyor, which works poorly in windy weather, on uneven field, on sparse and low-stalk flax, as well as when the speed of the working bodies changes.

Closest to the proposed is a known machine for harvesting flax [7], comprising a top-lifting apparatus, a cross conveyor, a stripping apparatus consisting of a clamping conveyor and a stripping drum, a heap conveyor, a conditioning machine made in the form of rollers arranged one above the other, and a device for spread the ribbons. In this machine, the transverse conveyor forms a ribbon of flax coming from the top-lifting apparatus, and directs it to the stripping apparatus. The clamping conveyor of the latter transfers the tape of the stems to the rollers and further to the spreading device, which is represented by a passive spreading board.

A disadvantage of the known machine for harvesting flax [7] is that when it is working, there is no guaranteed removal of stems from the rollers, since the device for spreading in the form of a passive spreading board does not forcibly take stems away from the conditioner. This is especially true when flax is harvested in wet weather. For this reason, as well as in windy weather on rare and low-stalked flax, there is no qualitative spread of flax tape on the field.

In the proposed machine for cleaning flax containing a top-lifting apparatus, a conveyor for transferring the flax tape to spread, a flaking machine made in the form of rollers arranged one above the other, and a device for spreading the flax tape, increasing the technological reliability of the machine and the quality of the flail stalks is achieved by the creek of the spreading device is made of several sections, the first of which is adjacent to the conveyor for transferring the tape to the spread, the second is made along an arc of a circle, and the latter is directed to the longitudinal-vertical the surface of the machine to the soil, and the flatting rollers are located in the zone of the first section, while the upper roller is mounted on a spring-loaded compression frame with two degrees of freedom to ensure the movement of the upper roller relative to the lower one or to ensure the movement of either end of the upper roller to a different distance relative to lower.

The proposed flax harvesting machine can be used in the version of flax saws used for separate flax harvesting, as well as a flax harvester, during the operation of which it is necessary to crush the stems to improve the quality of the trust.

In Fig.1 shows a machine for cleaning flax, made in the form of flax, front view, and Fig.2 is the same side view.

The flax harvesting machine comprises a top-lifting apparatus 1, a transverse (or other) conveyor 2, transferring the flax tape to the spread, a conditioner 3 and a device 4 for forcing flax to be spread onto the field, assembled on a crankcase 5 with a grommet 6 and a wheel travel 7 The machine has a drive system 8.

Top-lifting apparatus 1 consists of dividers 9 and top-lifting sections 10.

The conditioner 3 includes the lower 11 and upper 12 rollers. The upper roller 12 is mounted on a frame 13, which is attached to the frame 5 of the machine using hinges 14 and 15 so that it has two degrees of freedom. That is, the upper roller 12 can move away from the lower 11, remaining parallel to it, while the frame 13 rotates around the hinge 14. At the same time, if necessary, either end of the upper roller 12 can freely move from the lower 11 to a greater distance than its second end, - in this case, the rotation of the frame 13 will be carried out around the hinge 15. The frame 13 is pressed towards the lower roller 11 by springs 16, the force of which is regulated by screw mechanisms 17. One or both rollers receive a drive.

The device 4 for spreading the tape on the field consists of two belts 18 and 19 pressed against each other (Device 4 can also be made of one belt and guide rods). Belts 18 and 19 (or belt and guide rods) form a stream for forcing the flax tape to move to the soil. They bend around pulleys 20 and 21, one of which or both are leading, deflecting 22, 23, 24 and 25, pressure rollers 26 and 27, and tension pulleys 28 and 29 so that the creek has distinct areas. The first 30 of the sections is adjacent to the transverse (or other) conveyor 2, which transfers the tape to the spread, the second 31 forms an arc of a circle and the last 32 is directed in the longitudinally vertical plane of the machine to the soil with crossing belts 18 and 19 (or the belt and guide rods) on 90 °.

In a variant of the flax tiller, the flattening rollers 11 and 12 are located in the zone of operation of the first section 30 of the stream for the forced movement of the tape.

The system 8 of the drive of the machine and its working bodies includes shafts with bearings, cardan joints, splined joints, chain and gear transmissions. The lower roller 11 is driven by gear and chain gears. The upper roller 12 receives rotation by means of a cardan shaft 33, which allows the roller together with the frame 13 to change its position under the action of the stems. In the variant of flipper shown in figures 1 and 2, the peripheral speed of the rollers 11 and 12 is equal to the speed of the belts 18 and 19 of the device 4.

To transfer the machine from the working position to the transport is a hydraulic cylinder 34.

Machine for cleaning flax works as follows.

When the machine moves across the field, the dividers 9 are separated by a flax stalk on a plane and brought to the topping streams. Top-lifting sections 10 heal plants and feed them to the transverse conveyor 2, which forms a tape and transfers them to the spread. Belts 18 and 19 of the device 4 for spreading flax tape capture the last and move the stem mass in the first section 30 of the stream in the same direction. In this case, the butt part of the stems passes between the flattening rollers 11 and 12, which crush the stems. If the thickness of the tape increases for some time, then the upper roller 12 moves away from the lower 11 to a greater distance, lifting the frame 13 and compressing the springs 16.

When the tape is thickened under both ends of the upper roller 12 by the same amount, the frame 13 rotates only around the hinge 14. If, however, under some end of the roller 12 passes a thicker tape than under the other, the frame 13 also rotates around the hinge 15.

After flattening in the apparatus 3, the flax tape, sandwiched between the belts 18 and 19, is actively removed from the rollers 11 and 12. Then, in the section 31 of the stream, the belts turn the tape, and in the 32 section they are directed to the soil. When moving downward in section 32, belts 18 and 19 turn the tape 90 °, resulting in the stems occupying a position perpendicular to the direction of movement of the machine and parallel to the soil surface. In this position, the plants are released from the clamp between the belts 18 and 19 and spread on the soil.

The movement of the plants from the transverse conveyor 2 and their rotation in the state sandwiched between the belts 18 and 19 ensures that the tapes are spread out on the field without distortion of the stems in it. At the same time, during the process, the negative influence of wind, machine vibrations due to uneven soil, changes in the speed of the working bodies, as well as the state of the stalk on the field, are eliminated.

The first section 30 of the stream for the forced movement of the flax tape to the soil moves it in the same direction as the transverse conveyor 2, therefore, clogging of the machine in the zone of transition of the flax from the conveyor 2 to the device 4 is excluded. Since the flax tape is forcibly moved in the clamped state by belts 18 and 19 in sections 30, 31 and 32 of the stream, the stems are actively diverted from the rollers. For this reason, sticking and winding of wet stems on rollers 11 and 12 is excluded.

Thus, due to the fact that the quality of the spreading tape is increased, the productivity of the machines in subsequent operations and the collection of flax products increase. The upper roller can freely rise and move away from the lower together with the frame 13, turning it around the hinges. Therefore, the uniformity of the flattening of the stems and the fiber yield increase. Since the rollers are located in the zone of the first section of the stream of the device for forcibly moving the belt to the soil, the number of clogging of the rollers decreases and the technological reliability of the machine increases, including when the machine is working on wet soil.

Literature

1. Baranov I.V., Novozhilov N.P. Complex mechanization of cultivation and harvesting of flax. - L .: Kolos, Leningrad. Department, 1972.

2. A.S. 76722 USSR, MKI A 01 D 45/06. Flax picking machine. / A.S. Mayat, M.I. Shlykov, A.S. Moiseev, No. 192722, declared 04/27/1936, publ. 09/30/1949.

3. A.S. 27577 USSR, MKI A 01 D 45/06. Flax tiller. / B.K. Sentsov et al. No. 1329897, declared 05/12/1969, publ. 07/03/1970. Bull. Number 22.

4. Directory of flax farmer. / M.I. Trush et al. - L .: Agropromizdat, Leningrad. Department, 1985.

5. A.S. 1097229, USSR, MKI A 01 D 45/06. Flax harvester. / N.N. Bykov et al. No. 3563212 / 30-15, declared 03/17/1983, publ. 06/15/1984. Bull. Number 22.

6. A.S. 1736370, USSR, MKI A 01 D 45/06. Flax harvester. / M.M. Kovalev et al. No. 4794113/15, declared 02.21.1990, publ. 05/30/1992. Bull. No. 20.

7. A.S. 1658878, USSR, MKI A 01 D 45/06. A method of harvesting flax flax and a device for its implementation. / M.M. Kovalev et al. No. 4713543/15, declared 07/04/1989, publ. 06/30/1991. Bull. Number 24.

Claims (1)

A flax harvesting machine comprising a top-lifting apparatus, a conveyor for transferring flax tape to spread, a flaking machine made in the form of rollers arranged one above the other, and a device for spreading flax tape, characterized in that the stream device for spreading is made of several sections, the first of which it adjoins the conveyor for transferring the tape to the spread, the second is made along an arc of a circle, and the latter is directed in the longitudinally vertical plane of the machine to the soil, and the flattening rollers are located in the area of the first stka, wherein the upper roller is mounted on a spring-loaded compression spring frame having two degrees of freedom for movement of the upper roller relative to the bottom or to ensure parallel movement of any of the ends of the upper drum at a different distance relative to the bottom.

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