RU2817846C1 - Wall structure - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of construction and in particular relates to a wall structure of a partition for separating rooms and enclosing walls of buildings. Wall structure of a building or structure comprises a facade vertical part printed on a foundation on construction 3D printer, consisting of two interconnected, successively applied layers of quick-setting cement-sand mortar, hollow recesses are formed between said recesses to make columns therein by reinforcement and pouring with concrete. On the inner surface of the second layer of the facade vertical part, layers of mineral insulation are glued with overlapping joints to form a solid layer, on top of which the inner part of the wall structure is formed by means of hooks fixed to the floor slab and the foundation slab through the damping tape along the perimeter of the enclosed space, on which there is a metal or composite mesh, spaced from the solid layer of mineral insulation to 10 mm, through which on the solid layer of mineral insulation there is sprayed mixture under pressure with its subsequent levelling along the fixed beacons.

EFFECT: significant reduction in the labour intensity of installation works with guaranteed observance of the vertical and coordinate points along the entire height of the building according to the design documentation, excluding the use of lifting mechanisms during the erection of walls, with the possibility of controlling thermal resistance of the wall and high-quality finishing of walls inside the building.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of construction and, in particular, concerns the wall structure of a partition for separating rooms and the enclosing wall of buildings.

There is a well-known prototype method for constructing a concrete wall, in which a plastic solution of artificial stone material is extruded layer by layer through the nozzle of a construction 3D printer to form the outer and inner layers of the wall, the wall is reinforced and the cavity between the outer and inner layers of the wall is filled with heat-insulating material (patent RU 2725716 C9, E04B 2/84 (2020/02).

This method requires a very large amount of reinforcement to connect the inner and outer layers, insulation with cellular concrete leads to a long drainage of excess water from the inside of the wall, this can lead to cracking of the printed layers, the inside of the wall requires plastering to give an aesthetic appearance inside the room.

The objective of the invention is to significantly reduce the labor intensity of installation work by printing the main part of the wall structure on a construction 3D printer with guaranteed compliance with the vertical and coordinate points along the entire height of the building according to the design documentation, while simultaneously forming formwork for columns, eliminating the use of lifting mechanisms during the construction of walls, with the possibility of adjustment thermal resistance of the wall, high-quality finishing of the walls inside the building, and obtain this result using measures that are structurally simple and economical in terms of cost and installation.

This is achieved by. that a pre-planned foundation using a construction 3D printer is applied sequentially layers of plane 1 of the solution forming the facade part of the enclosing wall to the entire height up to the level of the interfloor ceiling, to increase the stability of plane 1, simultaneously with printing of plane 1, a layer of plane 2 is applied conjugately, forming at a certain distance a niche of columns for subsequent reinforcement 6 and pouring concrete 7., which then serve as supports for the formation of a concrete grillage 9 reinforced with reinforcement 8, on which floor slabs or a monolithic reinforced concrete floor slab are subsequently laid. During printing, plane 1 and plane 2 are reinforced between layers with basalt reinforcement or fiberglass mesh 5 with a cell of 20 mm and a wire thickness of 1-4 mm. On the formed area of the inner surface of layer 2, a continuous layer 3 of mineral insulation or extruded polystyrene is glued with an adhesive layer 4 with overlapping joints.

The internal part 12 of the enclosing structure of the wall is formed by attaching to the floor slab 10 and the foundation of the room with a design pitch of hooks through a damper tape 13 along the perimeter of the enclosed space, on which a metal or (composite) mesh 11 is hung, through which a gunite mixture is applied to a continuous layer of mineral insulation (gypsum shotcrete beta) under pressure, followed by leveling along fixed beacons. The thickness of the inner enclosing layer can vary from 50 to 100 mm. (Fig. 1)

The entire structure occupies a strictly vertical state, both in a straight plane and in a shaped one, may have openings for subsequent installation of doors, may have internal and external corners, may have built-in communication engineering

As a damper tape 13, a material with a porous-fibrous structure, compressed basalt fiber in the form of a strip gasket with a width of 150 mm - 300 mm, and a thickness of 10 mm - 15 mm, can be used, for example, Chermozvukoizol with a thickness of 10 mm -14 mm, vibrostek-m, isolon ppe

Mineral insulation layer 3 is presented in the form of a mineral thermal insulation material based on basalt fiber with a thickness of 10 mm to 150 mm and a density of 15 kg/m ³ to 140 kg/m ³ and a fiber length of at least 100 mm, for example TechnoNIKOL Rocklight Insulation , Rockwool Light Butts insulation, Paroc eXtra stone wool.

The thermal resistance of the wall structure depends on the thickness of layer 3. To achieve increased thermal resistance characteristics of the wall, the thickness of layer 3 can vary from 20 mm to 300 mm. It is possible to use extruded polystyrene sheet thickness from 20 mm to 100 mm as insulation, for example Penoplex Osnova (Comfort), XPS TechnoNIKOL Carbon Eco.

Layers 1.2 consist of a fast-hardening cement-sand mortar with a density of 1950 kg/m ³ -2100 kg/m ³ and a compressive strength of 250 kg/m ² -450 kg/m ² . The solution has high layer adhesion. As an example, 3D print Monolith construction mixture. Formation of layers 1 and 2 is carried out on an AMT S-300 series construction 3D printer.

The internal part 12 consists of a quick-hardening gypsum-cement mortar with a density of 1150 kg/m ³ - 1200 kg/m ³ and a compressive strength of 75 kg/m ² - 100 kg/m ² . The solution has high adhesion to mineral insulation and resistance to slipping when applied at a time up to a thickness of 100 mm. As an example, shotcrete mixture (gypsum-shotcrete concrete) Monolith.

Adhesive layer 4 - cement-sand mixture for gluing expanded polystyrene boards and mineral wool, for example, R-62 Monolith, polyurethane foam for gluing mineral insulation.

Figure 1. General view of the wall structure:

1, 2 - layers printed on a 3D printer

3 - thermal insulation layer

4 - glue for gluing mineral insulation

5 - basalt mesh

6, 8 - fittings

7, 9 - concrete

10 - floor slab

11 - fiberglass mesh

12 - shotcrete layer

13 - damper tape

Claims (1)

A wall structure of a building or structure, characterized by the fact that it contains a vertical façade part printed on the foundation using a construction 3D printer, consisting of two interconnected, sequentially applied layers of fast-hardening cement-sand mortar, between which at a certain design distance are formed hollow niches with the formation of columns in them by reinforcing them and pouring concrete; layers of mineral insulation are glued to the inner surface of the second layer of the facade vertical part with overlapping joints to form a continuous layer, on top of which the inner part of the wall structure is formed by means of floor slabs and foundation slabs attached placing hooks through a damper tape along the perimeter of the enclosed space, on which a metal or composite mesh is hung, spaced from the continuous layer of mineral insulation by up to 10 mm, through which a gunite mixture is applied to the continuous layer of mineral insulation under pressure, followed by its alignment along the fixed beacons.

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