RU2812971C1 - Line for encapsulating non-bulk seeds - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering.

SUBSTANCE: device for pre-sowing seed treatment. The line for encapsulating non-bulk seeds contains a device for pressing capsules in the form of a conveyor, with matrices fixed on it at an equal distance from each other, driven by a stepper motor. Above the matrices there is a feeder hopper for dispensing seeds individually, feeder hoppers for nutrient mixtures, punches with a convex working surface for forming recesses in nutrient mixtures, and punches with a concave working surface for forming capsule shells. The conveyor is made in the form of an endless belt, and the matrices are installed on tables, which are secured on the outside of the conveyor belt along its entire length using a bolted connection. A capsule ejector is mounted in each of the matrices, consisting of a roller, a pusher, and a pusher lock. On the conveyor belt, under the feeder hopper for individual seed dispensing, nutrient mixture feeder hoppers and punches with convex and concave working surfaces, there are at least five tables with matrices, with the support installed on the inside of the conveyor belt. In addition, the line is equipped with a sprayer of adhesive liquid coming from the container, a device for dusting manufactured capsules, including a container for powder and a fan, a chamber with spring-loaded valves at the inlet and outlet of the capsules, an air duct and a powder sprayer, a capsule heating chamber consisting of a casing and a mesh, installed with an inclination towards the unloading of capsules with the possibility of oscillatory movements using a vibrator, and a heating element, and a hopper for collecting capsules. The latter has an opening bottom. The feeder hopper for dispensing seeds individually is equipped with a brush device driven by an electric motor and a dosing tape driven by a stepper motor, and feeder hoppers for nutrient mixtures are equipped with dispenser flaps driven by a stepper motor. The punches are driven by actuators. In this case, stepper motors and actuators are connected to the control unit.

EFFECT: improved productivity and quality of encapsulation of non-bulk seeds.

3 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural engineering, in particular to devices for pre-sowing seed treatment.

The closest set of essential features is an installation for encapsulating seeds, the description of which is presented in the method of encapsulating seeds (RF patent No. 2264698, published on November 27, 2005, Bull. No. 33), containing a rotary device for pressing capsules with matrices fixed in it, above which there is a feeder hopper for dispensing seeds individually, feeder hoppers for the first and second nutrient mixtures, punches with a convex working surface for forming recesses in the nutrient mixtures and punches with a concave working surface for forming capsule shells, and the rotor device is made in the form of a table with a vertical axis of rotation , mounted with the ability to move the dies and push out the finished capsules from the matrix, while the pusher and/or punch with a concave working surface forming the second shell contains an element for forming a channel in the second shell.

The main disadvantages of the installation for encapsulating seeds are:

- low productivity due to several cyclic rotations of the rotor device table at an angle of 45° during the manufacture of each capsule, i.e. the production of the next capsule is impossible until work on the capsule currently being formed is completed;

- the possibility of disrupting the process of individually dispensing non-flowing seeds into the recess formed by the punch in the first capsule shell, which leads to waste of seeds;

- the presence of a channel in the capsule shells makes it possible for harmful substances, pests and moisture to reach the seeds, which negatively affects their safety;

- the possibility of formation of sticky capsules during their unloading,

- the possibility of destruction of capsules during transportation due to the lack of a hardened crust on its surface.

The essence of the invention is as follows.

The objective of the invention is the encapsulation of non-flowing seeds.

The technical result is an increase in the productivity and quality of encapsulation of non-flowing seeds.

The specified technical result is achieved by a line for encapsulating non-flowing seeds, containing a device for pressing capsules in the form of a table with matrices fixed in it, above which there are a hopper-feeder for individual seed dispensing, hoppers-feeders for nutrient mixtures, punches with a convex working surface for forming recesses in nutrient mixtures and punches with a concave working surface for forming capsule shells, while the line is additionally equipped with a conveyor made in the form of an endless belt driven by a stepper motor; on the outer side of the belt along its entire length, tables are fixed using a bolted connection at the same distance from each other with matrices, and on the belt under the feeder hopper for individual seed dispensing, nutrient mixture feeder hoppers and punches with convex and concave working surfaces there are at least five tables with matrices, under which a support is installed on the inside of the conveyor; spray of adhesive liquid coming from the container; a device for dusting manufactured capsules, including a container for powder, a fan, a chamber with spring-loaded valves at the inlet and outlet of the capsules, an air duct and a powder sprayer; a capsule heating chamber, which consists of a casing, a mesh installed with an inclination towards the unloading of capsules with the ability to perform oscillatory movements using a vibrator and an element for heating the air in the chamber; a hopper for collecting capsules, which is made with an opening bottom; in addition, a capsule ejector is mounted in each of the matrices, consisting of a roller, a pusher and a pusher lock; the feeder hopper for individual seed dispensing is equipped with a brush device driven by an electric motor and a dosing belt driven by a stepper engine, feeder hoppers for nutrient mixtures are equipped with dispenser valves driven by a stepper motor, the punches are driven by actuators, while the stepper motors and actuators are controlled by a control unit; The feeder bins for nutrient mixtures can be made as a single unit or divided into two sections; the number of conveyors in the line for encapsulating non-flowing seeds can be several with the possibility of placing them parallel to each other.

Essential features influencing the achievement of the claimed technical solution are:

- execution of the conveyor in the form of an endless belt;

- control of the conveyor movement by a stepper motor;

- installation on the tape along its entire length from the outside using bolted connections of tables with matrices;

- placement of tables with matrices on the belt at the same distance from each other;

- placement on the belt under the feeder hopper for individual seed dispensing, nutrient mixture feeder hoppers and punches with convex and concave working surfaces of at least five tables with matrices;

- installation of a support on the inside of the conveyor under five tables with matrices;

- equipment of a line for encapsulating non-flowing seeds with a spray of adhesive liquid coming from a container;

- equipping a line for encapsulating non-flowing seeds with a device for dusting manufactured capsules, consisting of a container for powder, a fan, a chamber with spring-loaded valves at the inlet and outlet of the capsules, an air duct and a powder sprayer;

- equipment of a line for encapsulating non-flowing seeds with a capsule heating chamber, consisting of a casing, a mesh installed with an inclination towards the unloading of capsules with the ability to perform oscillatory movements using a vibrator and a heating element;

- production of a hopper for collecting capsules with an opening bottom;

- installation of a capsule ejector in each of the matrices;

- making a capsule ejector from a roller, a pusher and a pusher retainer,

- equipment of the feeder hopper for individual seed dispensing with a brush device and a dosing tape driven by a stepper motor;

- equipment of feeder hoppers for nutrient mixtures with dispenser valves driven by a stepper motor;

- driving the punches by actuators;

- making bunkers-feeders of nutrient mixtures either as a single unit or divided into two sections;

- the possibility of equipping a line for encapsulating non-bulk seeds with several conveyors, placing them parallel to each other.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings, where in Fig. Figure 1 shows a diagram of a line for encapsulating non-bulk seeds; in fig. 2 - section A-A, Fig. 1, in fig. 3 - diagram of the dispenser valve of the hopper-feeder of nutrient mixtures.

The line for encapsulating non-flowing seeds contains a device for pressing capsules in the form of a table 1 with matrices 2 fixed in it, above which there is a feeder hopper 3 for individual seed dispensing, feeder hoppers 4 for nutrient mixtures, punches with a convex working surface 5 for forming depressions in the nutrient mixtures and punches with a concave working surface 6 for forming capsule shells. The line is additionally equipped with a conveyor made in the form of an endless belt 7, driven by a stepper motor 8, while on the outer side of the belt along its entire length, tables 1 with matrices 2 are fixed at the same distance from each other using a bolted connection 10, and on the belt under the feeder hopper for individual seed dispensing, nutrient mixture feeder hoppers and punches with convex and concave working surfaces there are at least five tables with matrices, under which a support 11 is installed on the inside of the conveyor, a sprayer 12 of adhesive liquid coming from a container 13, a device for dusting manufactured capsules, including a container 14 for powder, a fan 15, a chamber 16 with spring-loaded valves 17 at the inlet and outlet of the capsules, an air duct 18 and a powder sprayer 19, a capsule heating chamber, which consists of a casing 20, a mesh 21 installed at an angle side for unloading capsules with the ability to perform oscillatory movements using a vibrator 22 and a heating element 23. The heating chamber for capsules is designed to dry them and obtain a hardened crust on the surface of the capsule, which ensures their safety during transportation and seeding. In addition, the device is equipped with a hopper 24 for collecting capsules, which is made with an opening bottom 25. In each of the matrices 2, a capsule ejector 26 is mounted, consisting of a roller 27, a pusher 28 and a pusher lock 29. The feeder hopper 3 for dispensing individual seeds is equipped with a brush device 30 is driven by an electric motor 31 and a dosing tape 32 is driven by a stepper motor 33, and the feeder hoppers 4 of nutrient mixtures are driven by dispenser valves 34 driven by a stepper motor 35. The drive of punches 5 and 6 is carried out by actuators 36. Stepper motors 8, 33 and 35, as well as actuators 36 are controlled by control unit 9.

In addition, the feeder bins 4 of the nutrient mixtures can be made as one unit or divided into two sections. From the first section, the nutrient mixture is supplied to matrix 2 to form the lower part of the capsule, and from the second section - the upper part of the capsule. Feeder hoppers of 4 nutrient mixtures, made as one unit, are used to form a capsule consisting of two parts - lower and upper. The number of conveyors in the line for encapsulating non-bulk seeds can be several, placing them parallel to each other.

An example of a specific implementation.

Before starting the process of encapsulating non-flowing seeds, for example, leafless juzgun, the seeds of which are cohesive due to the presence of wings, it is necessary to select technical means based on productivity that ensure the flow of the production line, eliminating equipment downtime due to the absence at some point in time, for example, one of the nutrient mixtures used for encapsulating non-flowing seeds. Fill the feeder hopper 3 of the individual seed dispensers with seeds. Prepare a nutrient mixture, which, for example, for leafless dzhuzgun can consist of biocompost obtained by fermentation treatment of a mixture of manure, peat and flax, carboxycellulose, growth activator and expanded perlite. The mass of biocompost should be 80-85% of the mass of the capsule. Flax tow and carboxycellulose are used as reinforcing components of the capsule components, and expanded perlite is used as a filler. Fill feeder hoppers 4 with the prepared nutrient mixture, container 14 with powder for dusting the manufactured capsules, and container 13 with adhesive liquid, turn on heating element 23 to heat the air in the capsule heating chamber, fan 16, actuators 36 and stepper motors 8, 33, 35.

The line for encapsulating non-bulk seeds operates as follows.

The stepper motors 8, 33 and 35, as well as the actuators 36, are controlled by the control unit 9.

Non-flowing seeds, as a rule, are in a bound state in the form of separate portions, they are moved in a flow by a dosing belt 32 driven by a stepper motor 33. A brush device 30 at the end of the dosing belt 32 brushes part of the seeds back into the hopper, directing only one seed into the matrix 2 .

The stepper motor 8 controls the operation of the conveyor in such a way that the tables 1 with matrices 2 attached to the belt 7 move cyclically at a distance equal to the distance between the vertical axes of adjacent matrices 2. Simultaneously with the stop of the belt 7, the control unit 9 turns on the stepper motors 35 of the feed hopper 4 mixtures, a stepper motor 33 feeder hopper 3 for individual seed dispensing and actuators 36. At the same time, the dispenser valves 34 of the feeder hopper 4 supplying the nutrient mixture for the lower and upper parts of the capsule are rotated at an angle of 90° and portions of the nutrient mixture are poured into the recesses of the corresponding matrices 2 ; the dosing tape 32 of the feeder hopper 3 for dispensing seeds individually delivers one seed into the recess of the corresponding matrix 2; actuators 36 move downward the punches 5 and 6, respectively, with convex and concave working surfaces at a distance set for a given capsule size. After simultaneous completion of these operations, the supply of the nutrient mixture from the feed hopper 4 is shut off, the dosing tape 32 is stopped, and the punches 5 and 6 are returned to their original upper position. Then the stepper motor 8 of the conveyor is turned on and the tables 1 with matrices 2 are moved one step. The process is repeated. The following moves are repeated in the same way.

The first two strokes of the conveyor after launching the line for encapsulating non-flowing seeds serve to configure the working parts of the line, for example, strokes of punches 5 and 6, respectively, with convex and concave working surfaces, the size of which determines the degree of compaction of the nutrient mixture for the lower and upper shares of the capsule in the corresponding matrices 2, the degree and quality of spraying of the adhesive liquid by sprayer 12, the air temperature in the capsule heating chamber.

After subsequent moves of the conveyor, at its stops, five technological operations are simultaneously performed: supplying the first portion of the nutrient mixture to form the lower portion of the capsule, compacting the first portion of the nutrient mixture with making a recess for the seed, supplying the seed into the recess of the first portion of the nutrient mixture, supplying the second portion of the nutrient mixture to form the upper portion of the capsule, compact the second portion of the nutritional mixture.

Matrix 2 with the formed capsule moves during the next move of the conveyor, while belt 7 changes its direction of movement and matrix 2 turns with the capsule down. The capsule may or may not fall out of matrix 2. In the first case, the capsule rolls down the chute 37 to the sprayer 12 into the area where the adhesive liquid is applied to it. In the second case, the capsule is removed from the matrix 2 by the ejector 26 at the moment the vertical axes of the matrix 2 coincide with the capsule and the roller 27. In this case, the roller 27 acts on the pusher 28, which pushes the capsule out of the matrix 2. The pusher lock 29 ensures that the pusher 28 does not fall out of the matrix 2 .

The capsule, under the influence of gravity, moves along the sprayer 12, which applies an adhesive liquid to it, which comes from the container 13 with an air flow from the fan 15. Next, the capsule, covered with the adhesive liquid, when falling down, acts on the spring-loaded valve 17 installed at the inlet of the chamber 16, reduces the speed of falling and in chamber 16 it is covered with powder from the sprayer 19. The powder is supplied through the air duct 18 from the container 14 by the air flow created by the fan 15. After dusting, the capsule passes through the lower spring-loaded valve 17 and enters the capsule heating chamber onto the mesh 21, which is installed in casing 20. The capsules are heated by air heated by the heating element 23 until a hardened crust forms on the capsule. The finished capsules move along the grid 21 due to its tilt towards the unloading of capsules and vibrations created by the vibrator 22, and fall into the hopper 24, when filled, they are unloaded through the opening bottom 25, for example, into a vehicle that is transported to a storage or landing site, for example, a potato planter.

By covering non-flowing seeds with a nutrient mixture formed into capsules, coating with an adhesive liquid, dusting and heating the manufactured capsules to form a hardened crust on their surface, as well as using technical means to ensure the flow of the technological line, high productivity and quality of encapsulation of non-flowing seeds is achieved.

The claimed design of the line for encapsulating non-flowing seeds has the ability to efficiently and with high productivity cover non-flowing seeds with a nutrient mixture.

Claims (3)

1. A line for encapsulating non-flowing seeds, containing a device for pressing capsules in the form of a conveyor, with matrices fixed on it at equal distances from each other, driven by a stepper motor, above which there is a feeder hopper for individual seed dispensing, feeder hoppers for nutrient mixtures, punches with a convex working surface for forming recesses in nutrient mixtures and punches with a concave working surface for forming capsule shells, characterized in that the conveyor is made in the form of an endless belt, and the matrices are installed on tables that are fixed on the outside of the conveyor belt along its entire length using a bolted connection, and in each of the matrices a capsule ejector is mounted, consisting of a roller, a pusher and a pusher lock, and on a conveyor belt, under a feeder hopper for individual seed dispensing, feeder hoppers for nutrient mixtures and punches with convex and concave working surfaces, there are at least five tables with matrices, while the support is installed on the inside of the conveyor belt, in addition, the line is equipped with a spray of adhesive liquid coming from a container, a device for dusting manufactured capsules, including a container for powder and a fan, a chamber with spring-loaded valves at the inlet and the exit of capsules, an air duct and a powder sprayer, a capsule heating chamber, consisting of a casing and a mesh, installed with an inclination towards the unloading of capsules with the possibility of oscillatory movements using a vibrator, and a heating element, and a hopper for collecting capsules, the bottom of which is made opening, except In addition, the feeder hopper for dispensing seeds individually is equipped with a brush device driven by an electric motor and a dosing belt driven by a stepper motor, feeder hoppers for nutrient mixtures are equipped with dispenser valves driven by a stepper motor, and the drive of the punches is carried out by actuators, with stepper motors and the actuators are connected to the control unit. 2. A line for encapsulating non-flowing seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that the feeder hoppers for nutrient mixtures are made as one unit or divided into two sections. 3. A line for encapsulating non-flowing seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that it has several conveyors located parallel to each other.