RU2041586C1 - Installation for making seed carriers-capsules - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, food industry, medicine. SUBSTANCE: working members are made in form of metering drum 2 and two forming shafts 2 engaging with hopper 1 installed above shafts, and branch pipes 4 to deliver seeds and filler. Diameters of working members are equal, and coatings are made of flexible materials with hemispherical cells arranged at constant angular and longitudinal pitch on cylindrical surfaces of drum and shafts coming in contact without slipping. Drums and shafts are connected through gear wheels with equal number of teeth which provides alignment of cells at rotation. Degree of compaction of mixture in capsule is adjusted by changing center-to-center distance by value of flexible deformation of elastic cylindrical surfaces of forming shafts. EFFECT: simplified design with preservation of possibility of obtaining seed capsule in form of calibrated ball made of nutrient and protective mixtures used as functional coating. 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture and is intended for the manufacture of seed-bearing capsules, for example, seeds of cereal crops, and may also find application in the food industry and medicine.

 Plants for manufacturing seed carrier capsules include devices for feeding a filler into molds, introducing seeds, and capsule forming devices. However, the known installations are complex in design and are characterized by the fact that all operations are carried out on separate devices.

 A known method of manufacturing seed capsule seed carriers and installation for its implementation allow you to enter into the capsule fertilizers necessary for the plant throughout the growing season. The installation is made in the form of a cellular drum, over which fillers, buffers and fertilizers are supplied sequentially, a unit for inputting seeds and devices for ejecting capsules. The presence in this installation of complex elements for the consistent execution of technological operations indicates the complexity of its design and requires tight synchronization of their work.

 The aim of the invention is to simplify the design while maintaining the possibility of obtaining a seed capsule in the form of a calibrated ball of nutritious and protective mixtures as a functional coating.

 This is achieved by the fact that the working bodies of the proposed installation are made in the form of a metering drum and two forming rollers, coupled with a hopper and nozzles for supplying seeds and a filler mounted above them. The diameters of the working organs are the same, and the coatings are made of an elastic material with hemispherical cells located with a constant angular and longitudinal pitch on the contacting cylindrical surfaces of the drum and rollers, connected by gears with the same number of teeth, ensuring the cells are aligned during rotation. The degree of compaction of the mixture in the capsule is controlled by changing the interaxal distances by the amount of deformation of the elastic surfaces of the forming rollers.

 The capsules are formed by pressing them in a spherical shape from an elastic material, formed by combining and compressing two hemispherical cells filled with a nutrient mixture, made on rubber synchronously rotating rollers.

 Before compressing the cells filled with the mixture, a single grain is placed in one of them, which is held together by adhesive adhesion forces until the hemispheres are aligned. Compression of the elastic material of the rollers in the contact zone with the combined cells causes a decrease in the diameter of the formed spherical shape, provides adhesion bonding and bonding of the hemispheres from the nutritional-protective mixture with the grain in the central part, and also leads to the compression and compaction of the capsule material to give it a ball shape.

 The invention eliminates the need for pusher dispensers and simplifies the design of the installation, while maintaining the ability to effectively manufacture capsules.

 In FIG. 1 shows an installation diagram; in FIG. 2 capsule molding scheme.

 The installation includes a means for a piecewise supply of seeds, a device for introducing a paste-like filler, a forming device and a collecting-output device.

 The means of piecewise seed feeding is made in the form of a storage hopper 1, the outlet of which is closed by the metering drum 2. On the cylindrical surface of the drum 2 with a constant circular and longitudinal pitch, recesses of the cell 3 are made having dimensions slightly exceeding the sizes of the seeds. The shape of the cells for seeds corresponds to the shape of the latter and allows the laying of only one seed in each cell.

 The devices for introducing a paste-like filler are nozzles 4 for the nutrient mixture having a constant cross section with an angle of inclination of the walls to a horizontal plane less than the angle of friction of the filler on the container material. The output section of the nozzles is closed by cylindrical forming rollers 5 and equipped with inclined slats 6, forming a wedge-shaped gap in the direction of rotation of the rollers.

 The forming device consists of two rubberized rollers 5, on the elastically elastic cylindrical surface of which hemispherical cells 7 are made with a constant angular and longitudinal pitch (equal to those of the metering drum) 7. The diameters of the forming rollers 5 are the same and equal to the diameter of the metering drum 2, whose surface is in contact with the cylindrical the surface of one of the forming rollers. The interaxial distance of the forming rollers is less than their diameter by the amount of compression and compaction of the material of the capsules in the forms formed by combining hemispherical cells. Both forming rollers and the metering drum are located in bearings on the unit casing 3 and are kinetically interconnected by three gear wheels having the same number of teeth. The forming rollers are installed with the possibility of adjusting the center distance. Such a kinematic connection determines the synchronous rotation of the drum and rollers and ensures strict alignment of the cells located on their surfaces.

 The housing of the installation is a supporting structure for fixing all the elements, protects the rotating parts, isolates the working area from the external environment and ends at the bottom with the outlet pipe 9 for capsules.

 The collecting-output device consists of a conveyor belt 10 and a hopper 11 located above it with a distribution flap 12 for a powdery protective mixture.

 The installation is as follows.

 Toothed gears 13 between the forming rollers and the metering drum ensure their synchronous rotation, unidirectional movement of the contacting cylindrical surfaces and the combination of adjacent cells. Seeds located in the storage hopper 1 fill the cells 3 of the metering drum 2 and when the latter rotates, they move into the zone of contact with the forming roller. The rotation of the forming rollers 5 determines the adhesive grip and increase the paste-like filler from the nozzles 4 in the direction of rotation. The wedge-shaped gap formed during the movement of the paste between the surface of the forming roller 5 and the strip 6, helps to create pressure and fill the paste with hemispherical cells.

 Further rotation of the forming rollers 5 leads to the alignment of the cell of one of them with the seed-weighed cell of the metering drum 2 and provides indentation and adhesion of the seed to the filler. Subsequent combination of the cells of both forming rollers 5 leads to the imposition of the filler hemispheres located in the cells and the closure of the seed inside the formed spherical shape. The passage of the filled form through the compression zone causes the deformation of the elastic material of the forming rollers and causes a decrease in the volume of the form and compaction of the material of the capsule with the seed. When leaving the molding zone, the compressive loads disappear and the initial state of the elastic material of the forming rollers is restored, accompanied by an increase in the size of the cells. The relative displacements of the cell surfaces while maintaining the shape and volume of the capsules, which are noted in this case, disrupt the adhesion bonds between them, completely separate the capsule from the cell surface and free it to fall out of the working area.

 Molded capsules fall onto the conveyor belt 10, are enveloped with a powdery protective mixture, distributed evenly on the tape by the shutter 12 from the hopper 11, and sent to the dryer.

 Regulation of the productivity of the installation and the degree of compaction of the material of the capsules is carried out, respectively, by changing the frequency of rotation of the working bodies and setting the required center distance of the forming rollers.

 The invention allows to significantly simplify the design in comparison with existing installations for a similar purpose.

Claims (1)

 PLANT FOR PRODUCING CAPSULES-SEEDS, containing a hopper for feeding seeds, a metering drum located under it, nozzles for introducing fillers, working bodies for forming capsules and a collecting and output device, characterized in that the working bodies for forming capsules are made in the form of two forming conjugated between each other rollers, one of which is coupled to the metering drum, and the nozzles for introducing fillers are mated respectively to the forming rollers, and the drum and rollers are made identically diameter and have a coating of elastic material with hemispherical meshes located with constant angular and longitudinal steps on the cylindrical surfaces of the drum and rollers contacting without slipping, which are connected by gear wheels with the same number of teeth, ensuring the cells are combined during rotation.

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