RU2361382C2 - Method of encapsulated planting stock material receiving and facility for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: on seeds there are sequentially applied coupling medium and fillers. Application is implemented in torus-like working chamber by means of vibratory influence on it with frequency 14-20 Hz, and amplitude 1-4 mm. As the capsules size increase, flow rate of coupling medium and fillers is increased and content of fillers is sequentially changed. Device, consisting working chamber, includes also nozzles for charging of initial materials and discharge of encapsulated planting stock, and also vibration exciter, implemented in the form of shaft with top and bottom unbalance, frame, resilient members and sealers. On bottom of working chamber on-the-mitre 10-35° to it is installed perforated sheet with inner diametre for 10-20% less the dimension of initial seeds. Above perforated sheet it is located sprayer for moistening of seeds by coupling medium, herewith top and bottom unbalances are shifted one relative to other for angle 65-85°, and nozzle for seeds and fillers charging is implemented with perforated bottom, holes diametre in which for 10-20% more the dimension of initial seeds. Method and facility provide layerwise encapsulating of planting stock with selective application of components.

EFFECT: providing of layerwise encapsulating of planting stock with selective application of components.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and is intended to produce encapsulated planting materials, for example, encapsulated seeds of cereal crops in their pre-sowing preparation, and can also be used in the food industry and medicine.

A known method of producing macrocapsules in apparatus such as presses and, accordingly, an apparatus for producing macrocapsules (see. Granulators, published by TsINTIkhimneftemash, 66.099.2.05, Moscow, 1970).

The disadvantage of this method and apparatus is that when using them it is impossible to obtain multilayer macrocapsules.

Closest to the claimed method for the combination of essential features is a method for producing encapsulated planting material, which involves sequential application of seeds of a binder and fillers containing nutrients necessary for plant growth (see RF patent No. 2246194, class A01C 1/00).

The disadvantages of this method include the fact that when it is used, multilayer macrocapsules are formed, the density and strength of which are insufficient to ensure their mechanized planting and presowing treatment.

A device for producing encapsulated planting materials is known, comprising a working chamber, nozzles for loading raw materials and unloading the finished product, a vibration exciter consisting of a vertical shaft with upper and lower unbalances connected through a flap sleeve with an electric motor, a frame, elastic elements and sealants (see Modern technological equipment of the company “Consult-A” collection of articles, M., 2005, p.23-24).

In the known device, the process of formation of encapsulated materials is uncontrollable and during encapsulation a large percentage of empty capsules is formed.

The claimed inventions are aimed at achieving a technical result, which consists in providing layer-by-layer encapsulation of planting material with selective application of the desired required components.

To achieve the specified technical result, the inventive method for producing encapsulated planting material has been created, comprising sequentially applying a binder and fillers on seeds, in which according to the invention, applying a binder and fillers on seeds moistened with a binder, the seeds are produced in a toroidal working chamber by vibration exposure to it with with a frequency of 14-20 Hz and an amplitude of 1-4 mm, while with increasing size of the capsules, the intensity of the supply of binder and the fillers are increased, and the composition of the fillers is successively changed.

As a result of vibration exposure with a frequency of 14–20 Hz and an amplitude of 1–4 mm, seeds preliminarily moistened with a binder and falling onto the bottom of the working chamber into dry fillers make circular motions along a spiral path in the chamber and, as a result of the impact of the moistened surface of the seeds with the dry filler, are formed capsules with a first layer of filler, which also make circular movements along a spiral path in the chamber, while periodically they are wetted with a binder and new layers are applied to them fatteners. There is a layer-by-layer increase in capsules to the required size, depending on the selected fillers and binders, the desired techno-physical properties of the resulting encapsulated planting material are obtained.

To achieve the specified technical result in the claimed device containing the working chamber, nozzles for loading the starting materials and unloading the encapsulated planting material, a vibration exciter made in the form of a shaft with upper and lower unbalances connected to the drive, a frame, elastic elements and sealants, according to the invention, is working the chamber is made of a toroidal shape, along the working chamber at an angle of 10-35 ° to its bottom there is a perforated sheet with a hole diameter of 10-20% less than the size of the original seeds, a nozzle for wetting the seeds with a binder is located on the perforated sheet, while the upper and lower unbalances are offset from one another by an angle of 65-85 °.

Due to the toroidal shape of the working chamber and the displacement of the upper and lower unbalances of the vibration exciter relative to each other by an angle of 65-85 ° under the action of vibration, the seeds moistened with a binder and the fillers make a complex circular motion in a working chamber along a spiral path, with the filler moistened with a binder substance of seeds. When seeds move in the working chamber, they are repeatedly wetted with a binder, including capsules that have already formed, covered with a filler layer, as a result, multilayer capsules of the required size are formed. By feeding various fillers into the working chamber, it is possible to obtain capsules with predetermined techno-physical properties, while the formation of multilayer macrocapsules with a diameter of 10 to 60 mm is possible.

Thus, the set of distinctive features of the claimed device provides an intensification of the process of formation of a multilayer encapsulated planting material with a simultaneous increase in the specific productivity of the device and the quality of the encapsulated planting material.

The claimed invention is illustrated by drawings, where in Fig.1 shows the claimed device, and Fig.2 is a section along aa.

The proposed method is as follows.

In a toroidal horizontally located working chamber, which is equipped with a perforated sheet installed in it at an angle of 10-35 ° to the bottom of the working chamber with holes 10-20% smaller than the size of the original seeds, sequentially through the loading nozzle with a perforated bottom and located above the perforated sheet fillers are fed that wake up through the holes (perforations) of the perforated sheet and dry fall to the bottom of the working chamber, then seeds of various agricultural products are loaded through the same loading nozzle crops such as corn, legumes, peas, sugar beets and other cereals and fruits and vegetables. Seeds fall on the surface of the perforated sheet without falling to the bottom, since the holes in it are 10-20% smaller than the size of the original seeds. The toroidal working chamber in the process of feeding seeds and fillers into it is subjected to vibrational impact with a frequency of 14-20 Hz and an amplitude of 1-4 mm. Under the action of vibration, the seeds move forward upward on the perforated sheet, and at this time they are moistened with a binder from the nozzle located above the perforated sheet, the seeds moistened with a binder fall to the bottom of the working chamber into dry fillers, and under the influence of vibration they make circular motions along a spiral path in a toroidal working chamber. As a result of the impact of the moistened surface of the seeds with a dry filler, capsules with the first layer of filler are formed, the capsules formed also make circular movements along a spiral path in a toroidal working chamber, they are periodically moistened with a binder and new layers of fillers are applied, and the composition of the fillers can be periodically changed . As the size of the capsules increases, the supply rate of the binder and fillers increases. The frequency of the process is repeated until the capsules reach a predetermined size, for example from 2 to 60 mm.

The proposed device for producing encapsulated planting material contains a toroidal working chamber 1 with a loading nozzle 2 of the original seeds and fillers and an unloading nozzle 3 of encapsulated planting materials, a perforated sheet 4 with a hole diameter of 10-20% less than the size of the original seeds, installed in the working chamber 1 under an angle of 10-35 ° to its bottom, so that the perforated sheet 4 is placed along the working chamber 1 along a helical line (in a spiral). In addition, the device contains an unbalanced vibration exciter 5, made in the form of a vertical shaft 6 with an upper unbalance 7 and a lower unbalance 8, while the vertical shaft 6 is connected through the lobe clutch 9 to the electric motor 10, and the upper unbalance 7 and the lower unbalance 8 are offset relative to each other in the horizontal plane at an angle of 65-85 °. The device also includes a frame 11, elastic elements 12, sealants 13 and a nozzle 14 for supplying a binder located above the perforated sheet 4.

The proposed device operates as follows.

The electric motor 10 through the flap clutch 9 transmits the rotation to the vertical shaft 6 of the vibration exciter 5, rigidly mounted on the frame 11. The vibration exciter 5 generates excitation as a result of rotation of the upper unbalance 7 and lower unbalance 8. The vibration excitation from the vibration exciter 5 is transmitted to a horizontally located toroidal working chamber 1, with this amplitude of the oscillations of the working chamber 1 is from 1 to 4 mm, and the excitation frequency is 14-20 Hz.

Through the loading nozzle 2, which is expediently performed with a perforated bottom, the holes in which are 10-20% larger than the size of the seeds, fillers and seeds intended for encapsulation are sequentially loaded into the working chamber 1, while the fillers are sifted through the perforated bottom of the loading nozzle 2, fall to the bottom of the toroidal working chamber 1, move along it, making periodic circular movements along a spiral-shaped trajectory under the influence of vibration, and the seeds fall on a perforated fox 4, are wetted with a binder from the nozzle 14. The seeds moistened with a binder move forward down the perforated sheet 4 and fall from it to the bottom of the working chamber 1, where under the influence of vibration, the moistened surface of the seeds collides with dry fillers, which leads to their sticking to the surface seed. Periodic sticking of the filler layers occurs until the capsules reach a predetermined size, preferably from 10 to 60 mm. In this case, the filler in the working chamber 1 remains dry, and it does not adhere to the walls of the working chamber 1.

During operation of the device, as the size of the capsules increases, a modified filler composition is repeatedly supplied through the loading nozzle 2 so that the adhering layers have different nutritional ingredients necessary for each stage of the initial development of the plants. Along with this, the intensity of the supply of the binder from the nozzle 14 is increased. The finished capsules and the remnants of the filler are discharged through the pipe 2 and the cycle is repeated.

The set of essential features of the claimed device provides an intensification of the process of formation of multilayer seed macrocapsules with a diameter of 10 to 60 mm, an increase in the specific productivity and quality of the macrocapsules, as well as large-scale encapsulation, for example, in a device with a working chamber volume of 400 l, up to 5000 macrocapsules per hour.

By the proposed method using the inventive device, under an agreement with the Government of Moscow, 2 million encapsulated corn seeds 40.0 mm in size were produced. In this case, polyethylene glycol was used as a binder, and a mixture of the following composition was used as filler, wt.%: Vermiculite 15%, perlite 5%, biocompost 50%, sawdust 30%.

The process of encapsulating corn seeds was carried out under the following exposure parameters:

- the diameter of the holes of the perforated sheet is 6 mm;

- the angle of installation of the perforated sheet is 25 ° to the bottom of the working chamber;

- the upper unbalance is offset relative to the lower in the horizontal plane by an angle of 70 °;

- the amplitude of the oscillations of the working chamber was 3 mm;

- the oscillation frequency of 16 Hz.

The obtained encapsulated seeds possessed good germination, strength and transportability.

Compared with the known, the claimed method and device for its implementation provide encapsulated planting material of the required density, strength and other techno-physical properties, ensuring their long-term storage, pre-sowing treatment, mechanized planting and obtaining high yields.

Claims (2)

1. A method of producing an encapsulated planting material, comprising sequentially applying a binder and fillers to the seeds, characterized in that the binder and fillers are applied to the seeds on the seeds moistened with a binder and produced in a toroidal working chamber by vibrating it with a frequency of 14-20 Hz and an amplitude of 1-4 mm, while as the size of the capsules increases, the feed rate of the binder and fillers increase, and the composition of the fillers is successively changed. 2. A device for producing encapsulated planting material containing a working chamber, nozzles for loading raw materials and unloading encapsulated planting material, a vibration exciter made in the form of a shaft with upper and lower unbalances connected to the drive, a frame, elastic elements and sealants, characterized in that the working chamber is toroidal in shape, along the working chamber at an angle of 10-35 ° to its bottom there is a perforated sheet with a hole diameter of 10-20% less than the size of the original seeds, above the perforation The nozzle for wetting the seeds with a binder is located on the coated sheet, while the upper and lower unbalances are offset from one another by an angle of 65-85 °.

Images