RU2807783C1 - Method of water purification and disinfection - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: water purification.

SUBSTANCE: invention is related to methods for water purification and can be used for purifying and disinfecting water used in swimming pools and reservoirs, as well as supplied to consumers in residential buildings and various institutions. The method consists of supplying purified water together with an air-ozone mixture with an ozone content of 0.0028% to 0.003% into a mixer, which is a vortex cavitator. A mixture of purified water and an air-ozone mixture is fed into a vortex cavitator with a pressure of at least 3.0⋅10⁵ Pa in form of at least two spatially separated flows at a ratio of their mass flow from 3.44 to 3.45. In the cavitator, all mentioned flows are swirled in one direction and all swirling flows are combined into a common flow with their simultaneous mixing in the common flow. A shut-off valve installed at the outlet of the cavitator ensures a pressure drop across the vortex cavitator of 1.5⋅10⁵ Pa up to 1.7⋅10⁵ Pa. The pressure drop at the shut-off valve itself is ensured to be at least 0.5⋅10⁵ Pa.

EFFECT: improving quality and efficiency of water purification by reducing the time of water purification, using the synergistic combined effect of ultrasonic and hydrodynamic cavitation and ozone on water, as well as reducing the amount of ozone used.

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Description

The invention relates to methods for water purification and can be used for purifying and disinfecting water used in swimming pools and reservoirs, as well as supplied to consumers in residential buildings and various institutions.

There is a known method of purifying and disinfecting water, which consists in the fact that the purified water and gas containing ozone, previously dispersed in this water into bubbles, are passed through a flow reactor containing one or more nozzles from a non-woven fibrous module made of durable threads of a polymer material, placed in a flow reactor. Dispersion of gas with ozone into water is carried out in the lower part of the reactor. The direction of water flow in the reactor can be forward or reverse to the direction of bubbles rising. (RF Patent 2233246, published 07/30/2003)

The disadvantage of this known method is the low efficiency of the water treatment process, which requires a lot of time to purify water from bacteria and other contaminants.

The closest analogue to the claimed inventions is a method of water purification, which consists of mixing the purified water with an air-ozone mixture, transporting the resulting mixture, dissolving ozone in water, interacting with the contaminants contained in the water and subsequent removal of undissolved components of the contaminants using adsorption in an ozone-containing gas environment with a concentration of ozone in it corresponding to the residual amount of undissolved ozone in the gas-water mixture before the start of absorption, and additional oxidation of contaminants on the surface of the solid adsorbent during the adsorption of contaminants (RF Patent 2102340, published on January 20, 1998).

To implement this method, an air-ozone mixture is produced in an ozonator, water is supplied through a hydraulic line with a pump, the air-ozone mixture is mixed into it and the whole thing is fed into an adsorber with a solid adsorbent.

The disadvantage of this method is that it involves the use of ozone in the air-ozone mixture in an amount of at least 0.2 mg per liter of the mixture. After purification, ozone remains in the water, which must be removed from it before supplying the water to the consumer. Also, the process of purifying water from bacteria and other contaminants requires quite a lot of time. Thus, the known solution is not effective enough.

The problem to be solved by the present invention is to increase the efficiency of water purification by reducing the time of water purification, using the synergistic effect of the combined effect of ultrasonic and hydrodynamic cavitation and ozone on water, as well as reducing the amount of ozone used.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method of water purification and disinfection, which consists of mixing the purified water with an air-ozone mixture, the mixture of purified water and the air-ozone mixture in the ratio of their mass flow from 3.44 to 3.45 is fed into a vortex cavitator with a pressure of at least 2.0 ⋅10 ⁵ Pa in the form of at least two spatially separated flows, provide swirling of these flows in one direction, combine all swirling flows into a common flow with their simultaneous mixing in the common flow, while the ozone content in the air-ozone mixture is from 0.0028% up to 0.003%, and a shut-off valve installed at the outlet of the cavitator provides a pressure drop across the vortex cavitator from 1.5⋅10 ⁵ Pa to 1.7⋅10 ⁵ Pa, while the pressure drop at the shut-off valve is at least 0.5⋅10 ⁵ Pa.

Treatment of water in a vortex cavitator, where water mixed with an air-ozone mixture is jointly affected by ultrasonic and hydrodynamic cavitation, significantly reduces the time of water treatment itself, increasing the efficiency of the process of purification and disinfection (destruction of microorganisms in the water) of water. In this case, the entire process takes place in one reactor using ozone in such an amount that allows it to oxidize all contaminants and at the same time completely decompose.

Feeding a mixture of purified water and ozone-containing gas into the vortex cavitator in a ratio of their mass flow rate from 3.44 to 3.45 makes it possible to obtain water and air without ozone content at the exit from the cavitator. When the ratio of the mass flow of these components is less than 3.44, a decrease in the efficiency of water disinfection may be observed. Feeding a mixture of purified water and ozone-containing gas into the vortex cavitator in a ratio of their mass flow rate above 3.45 will lead to the release of ozone from the device.

The content of ozone in the air-ozone mixture from 0.0028% to 0.003% allows for water purification with the optimal possible amount of ozone, which is completely decomposed during processing in a vortex cavitator. When the ozone content is less than 0.0028%, the quality of water purification decreases, and when the ozone content is above 0.003%, the probability of incomplete decomposition of ozone at the exit from the cavitator increases.

Maintaining a pressure drop across the shut-off valve of at least 0.5⋅10 ⁵ Pa ensures maximum operating efficiency of the vortex mixer.

Providing a pressure drop across the vortex cavitator from 1.5⋅10 ⁵ Pa to 1.7⋅10 ⁵ also ensures maximum operating efficiency of the vortex mixer.

The proposed method is implemented in a device for purifying and disinfecting water, the diagram of which is shown in Fig. 1. In FIG. Figure 2 shows the vortex cavitator separately.

The device for purifying and disinfecting water contains a hydraulic line 1, a gas line 2, a device installed on the gas line 2 for producing an air-ozone mixture - an ozonizer 3, connected to a device 4 for supplying the air-ozone mixture to water moving along the hydraulic line 1. On the hydraulic line 1 at the inlet to the device 4, a coarse filter 5 and a pump 6 are installed, supplying water to the device 4. The outlet of the device 4 through a tap 7 is connected to a device for vortex mixing of water and air-ozone mixture by a vortex cavitator 8, which contains a housing 9 with vortex tubes 10 placed in it with inputs 11 for supplying water with an air-ozone mixture to each of them to form in each of the vortex tubes 10 a vortex flow with a common direction of vortex for all, a common chamber 12 formed at the final section of all vortex tubes 10 due to their intersection along the generators. The inner surface of the common chamber 12 is made with a zinc coating with a thickness of 0.01 to 0.1 mm. In the vortex tubes 10 there are displacers 13, made in the form of rods. At the exit from the common chamber there is a confuser 14, which has, for example, a cone shape. At the output of the cavitator 8, a fine water filter 15 and a shut-off valve 16 are installed for shipping purified water to the consumer. Also, pressure gauges 17 and 18 are installed at the inlet and outlet of the cavitator 8. A pressure gauge 19 is installed in front of the shut-off valve 16.

The output from the cavitator 8 is connected by a bypass line 20 through a valve 21 to the output of the device 4 for supplying the air-ozone mixture to the water. When valve 7 is closed and valve 21 is open, the flow bypasses cavitator 8.

The method of water purification and disinfection is carried out as follows.

By means of pump 6, water pre-purified in filter 5 together with an air-ozone mixture prepared in an ozonator 3 with an ozone content in this mixture ranging from 0.0028% to 0.003% is supplied to device 4 for supplying the air-ozone mixture to water. The air-ozone mixture is sucked into the water or supplied under pressure. A mixture of water with an air-ozone mixture in a ratio of 3.44 to 3.45 by weight is fed through the inlets 11 into the vortex tubes 10 of the cavitator 8. The mixture is supplied with a pressure of at least 3.0⋅10 ⁵ Pa. To force the creation of a vortex, a displacer 13 is installed in each vortex tube 10, the presence of which forces the vortex flow to be pressed towards the wall of the vortex tube 10. Steam bubbles are formed in the water. The displacer 13 is designed in such a way that the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the vortex tube 10 and the cross-sectional area of the displacer 13 constantly decreases as it moves in the direction of flow of the corresponding flow. That is, the clearance in the vortex tube 10 due to the expanding displacer 13 (or with a constant cross-section of the displacer 13 due to the tapering vortex tube 10) is constantly decreasing, causing the vortex flow to accelerate.

Vortexes of water, steam, a mixture of air and ozone collide in a common chamber 12, where ultrasonic and hydrodynamic cavitation treatment of the mixture is carried out. Air, ozone and purified water are thoroughly mixed. Steam bubbles formed in water collapse to form centers of high pressure and high temperature, which ensures complete decomposition of ozone (destruction of bacteria, etc.). Thus, at the outlet of the device, there is completely no ozone in the mixture of air and water.

Additional acceleration of the output flow is provided by the confuser 14, which is, for example, a cone and installed at the exit from the common chamber 12.

In the process of water purification, a pressure drop from 1.5⋅10 ⁵ Pa to 1.7⋅10 ⁵ Pa is provided by means of a shut-off valve 16 on the cavitator 8, and a pressure drop of at least 0.5⋅10 ⁵ Pa is provided on the valve 16 itself.

Thus, the proposed method of water purification and disinfection is as follows.

A mixture of purified water and an air-ozone mixture is supplied to the vortex cavitator 8 in a mass flow ratio of 3.44 to 3.45, and the ozone content in the air-ozone mixture ranges from 0.0028% to 0.003%. This mixture is fed into the vortex cavitator 8 in the form of at least two spatially separated flows with a pressure of at least 3.0⋅10 ⁵ Pa. These flows are ensured by the presence of vortex tubes 10 in the cavitator 8, which ensure the vortex of all the mentioned flows in one direction, after which all vortex flows are pushed into a common flow in a common chamber 12 with simultaneous mixing, after which they accelerate the common flow in the confuser 14, while shut-off valve 16 installed at the outlet of cavitator 8 provides a pressure drop across the vortex cavitator 8 from 1.5⋅10 ⁵ Pa to 1.7⋅10 ⁵ Pa, and the pressure drop at shut-off valve 16 is provided at least 0.5⋅10 ⁵ Pa.

The technical result achieved by the proposed invention was confirmed experimentally.

During the experiments, a pump with a power of 3 kW was used, with a water flow rate of 1200 l/hour; ozonizer with an ozone productivity of 10 g/hour (Portable ceramic ozone generator ATWFS 220 V/110 V 10 g). During operation of the ozonizer and the device as a whole, the ozone content in the air-ozone mixture was ensured from 0.0028% to 0.003%.

Pressure gauges 17 and 18 located at the inlet and outlet of the vortex cavitator 8 were used to control the pressure in the hydraulic line. In addition, by means of a pressure gauge 19, the pressure in front of the tap 16, as well as behind the tap 16, was monitored by the movement of water and air.

To check the efficiency of the device implementing the proposed method, the content of bacteria in the water was checked before the experiment and after the experiment.

In all the experiments described below, the cambric test method was used. The culture of E. coli (1257) + 40% horse serum was used as test microorganisms. The actual number of E. coli cells in 1 ml of the prepared suspension was 8.5 × 10 ⁸ . Horse serum served to protect the culture from external influences. The suspension was poured into water. 10 liters of water contained 8.5×10 ⁸ units. bacteria.

During experiment No. 1, the efficiency of water purification and disinfection was tested using only cavitator 8, while ozonator 3 was turned off. In this experiment, complete destruction of bacteria was achieved within 350 seconds of device operation. No traces of bacteria were found in the water.

During experiment No. 2, the efficiency of water purification and disinfection was tested only when using ozonizer 3. Cavitator 8 was taken out of operation. Tap 7 is closed, tap 21 is open. A mixture of water, air and ozone was pumped around cavitator 8 along hydraulic line 1.

As a result of the experiment, it was established that the complete destruction of bacteria was achieved in 730 seconds of operation of the device. No traces of bacteria were found in the water.

During experiment No. 3, the effectiveness of the joint operation of cavitator 8 and ozonator 3 was tested. It was found that the complete destruction of bacteria was achieved within 60 seconds of operation of the device. No traces of bacteria were found in the water. This experiment also revealed a significant reduction in the content of minerals in water (for example, iron - by 3.5 times; nitrates - by an order of magnitude).

Also in this experiment, a similar result (described above) was established when destroying the eggs of roundworms, etc.

The comparative experiments described above demonstrate the achievement of a significant reduction in the time of water purification and disinfection.

Claims (1)

A method of purifying and disinfecting water, which consists of supplying purified water with an air-ozone mixture to a mixer, characterized in that a vortex cavitator is used as a mixer, while the mixture of purified water and air-ozone mixture is supplied in a ratio of their mass flow of 3.44 up to 3.45 in the form of at least two spatially separated flows with a pressure of at least 3.0⋅10 ⁵ Pa, provide swirling of all mentioned flows in one direction, combine all swirling flows into a common flow with their simultaneous mixing in the common flow , while the ozone content in the air-ozone mixture ranges from 0.0028% to 0.003%, and a shut-off valve installed at the outlet of the cavitator ensures a pressure drop across the vortex cavitator from 1.5⋅10 ⁵ Pa to 1.7⋅10 ⁵ Pa, while the pressure drop across the shut-off valve is at least 0.5⋅10 ⁵ Pa.

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