RU2807726C1 - Modernized malevanny ammunition and method of its manufacturing - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: small arms; artillery weapons.

SUBSTANCE: invention is related to design of unitary ammunition, and can be used in sniper, anti-tank and anti-aircraft weapons systems. The ammunition contains a cartridge case, a primer, an igniter, a propellant powder charge and a projectile-bullet. Additionally, the ammunition is filled with oxygen. A method for manufacturing ammunition is also proposed, in which, before loading a propellant powder charge into the muzzle of a cartridge case filled with atmospheric air, a pipe with a calibrated outlet hole is inserted to the bottom of the cartridge case with a gap to the inner surface of its bottom, with the possibility of its movement in the cartridge case. Oxygen is supplied through the pipe, which replaces the nitrogen contained in the atmospheric air. The pipe is removed from the sleeve cavity without stopping the oxygen supply. After that, a propellant powder charge is loaded into the cartridge case and a projectile-bullet is mounted.

EFFECT: increase in the initial speed of projectile departure from the barrel is ensured by intensifying the combustion of gunpowder in an oxygen environment.

3 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The technical solution relates to the field of small arms and artillery weapons, in particular the design of unitary ammunition, for separately loaded ammunition and can be used most effectively in sniper, anti-tank and anti-aircraft weapon systems.

The previous level of technology in the field of ammunition with a high initial velocity and, accordingly, with high kinetic energy of a thrown projectile or bullet (hereinafter projectile), shows that the issue of increasing the muzzle energy of a projectile has arisen almost since the advent of firearms, with the main direction of increasing kinetic energy projectile - is an increase in the initial speed of the projectile. In this case, a weapon with a high initial projectile speed receives an advantage: a high direct shot range and a flat trajectory of the projectile; simplification of shooting at moving targets, when, with a minimum flight time of the projectile, minimal correction and anticipation are required and, most importantly, high damaging and armor-piercing properties at a significant, proactive distance.

But the “payment” for a significant increase in the initial velocity of the projectile is inevitably an increase in the maximum pressure in the barrel, heavier weapons, an increase in recoil (recoil) and a decrease in the service life of the barrel, since an increase in the initial velocity of projectiles is mainly achieved by increasing the mass and energy of the projectile charge.

The founders of real and successful solutions in the field of increasing the initial velocity of a projectile are

Karl Puff (Russian patent No. 14214 dated August 27, 1908) and Hermann Gerlich (US patent No. 1944834 dated January 30, 1934) G. Gerlich’s patent indicates that he, developing the ideas of K. Puff, proposed making the rifle barrel conical , with rifling in it, regressive depth and progressive steepness (the pitch of the rifling decreased as it approached the muzzle), while the “Gerlich Bullet” had two deformable belts interacting with the rifling. Despite the fact that a speed of 1600 m/sec -1700 m/sec was achieved with a bullet weight of 6.5 grams, G. Gerlich’s rifles never entered service due to technological problems.

But G. Gerlich showed the main problem of all classical ammunition and firearms - the low efficiency of the propellant charge. In classical firearms ammunition, after ignition of the propellant charge and achievement of forced gas pressure, the projectile accelerates with a simultaneous drop in gas pressure in the barrel and directly behind the projectile due to a “lag” in speed (expansion of gases from the acceleration of the projectile in the barrel and due to the progressive increasing the volume of the barrel behind the projectile. At the same time, the movement of gases in the barrel is actively throttled by the barrel bore, the outer region of the gas flow in the barrel is actively slowed down by the laminar layer interacting with the inner surface and rifling of the barrel. As a result, 50%-70% of the energy of the propellant charge of the ammunition " flies" uselessly out of the barrel, after the projectile has left it.

The known cartridge is “Cartridge for rifled weapons (patent RU No. 2577163 C1, 09/26/2014) and a similar “Cartridge for smooth-bore weapons” (patent RU No. 2102693 C1, 01.09.1993), which contain a sleeve, a primer, a main and additional powder propellant charges placed in the cartridge case and bullet. In this case, the additional and main powder charges are separated from each other by a diaphragm with a hole, and the main powder propellant charge and the additional one are made of different brands of gunpowder, differing from each other in burning rate.

The disadvantage of this analogue is that this technical solution does not allow obtaining stable results due to the tendency of the rapidly compressed powder of the additional charge to detonate. In this case, the ignition time of the additional charge and its density, at this time, become unpredictable values.

The “Cartridge with a jet bullet” is known (RU No. 2372581, F42B 5/10. 11/26/2008), which is a sleeve with a primer and, located with a gap to the inner surface of its bottom, a bullet with an internal cavity in which the propellant is located charge, and there is a calibrated orifice in the form of a nozzle, wherein the propellant charge consists of several parts made of components with different burning rates and completely placed in the cavity of the bullet with the possibility of their sequential ignition and combustion, from slow burning to fast burning components, as well as the propellant charge is divided into parts by easily combustible partitions.

This technical solution involves increasing the accuracy of the weapon while simultaneously increasing the initial speed of the bullet. The disadvantage of this analogue is that after leaving the muzzle of the barrel, a jet bullet with a burning propellant charge immediately receives an instability factor along the flight path, which leads to active braking of the bullet’s flight and to its instability along the course, and this reduces the accuracy and range of fire.

The patent “High-velocity ammunition “Target” for firearms” RU 191143 U1 dated 02/04/2019 was chosen as a prototype. The essence of the proposed technical solution - high-velocity ammunition, is to install accelerating blocks, consisting of one to several stages, with a charged part of the propellant charge with a higher burning rate than the burning speed of the main part of the propellant charge in the cartridge case.

The disadvantage of this technical solution is the need for additional costs for the manufacture of upper stages.

In the reviewed patents and in the book by V.M. Kirilova and V.M. Sabelnikov’s “Small Weapons Cartridges” does not consider such a component as the presence of atmospheric air, which is of no small importance when firing a shot and influencing the course of the shot. As you know, atmospheric air consists mainly of: nitrogen - 78%, oxygen - 21% cm.

Authors Khodakov Yu.V. and others in the book “Library of Chemistry” - they claim and demonstrate on the installation that when an electric current discharge is passed, a nitrogen oxidation reaction occurs.

N2+O2 →2 NO - G, where G is heat.

The reaction occurs with the absorption of heat, i.e. the process is endothermic in nature. Energy consumption is 180.5 kJ/mol. In nature, this process usually occurs only during thunderstorms, when a lightning discharge occurs, since the temperature in the lightning channel reaches several thousand degrees.

Academician Ya.B. Zeldovich, studying the process of nitrogen combustion in air, in the book “Selected Works” on page 320, established that the heat of formation of nitrogen oxide is an endothermic process and the cost is 125 kcal/mol and occurs at a temperature of 1200 K .

Since oxygen is 3.7 times less than nitrogen, nitrogen reacts with oxygen released during the decomposition of gunpowder, and heat absorption leads to a decrease in temperature in the cartridge case and a decrease in the pressure of powder gases, since

(PxV)/T=CONST.

Author I.A. Balkansky, in the book “Fundamentals of Ballistics and Aerodynamics” on page 15, states that powder gases contain carbon monoxide CO ₂ , hydrogen H ₂ and methane CH ₄ , which, when flowing from the barrel bore, are capable of combining with oxygen in the air (burning) and thus forming a muzzle flame during shooting.

Similarly, when shooting from a small-caliber weapon, particles of unburned gunpowder, formed due to a lack of oxidizer, fly out of the barrel, which is used by criminologists in the analysis of firearms crimes.

All of the above confirms the need to exclude nitrogen (N2) from the atmospheric air located in the ammunition casing, since the presence of nitrogen (N2), which has entered into a chemical reaction with oxygen from the atmospheric air, and with oxygen released during the decomposition of gunpowder, leads to a decrease in temperature and a drop in pressure in the barrel bore and reducing the speed of the bullet leaving the barrel bore.

The proposed modernized Malevanny ammunition makes it possible to increase its effectiveness by increasing the initial speed of the projectile leaving the barrel, and bringing it closer to the maximum permissible for this type of ammunition and type of firearm.

The technical result is achieved by implementing a method for removing atmospheric air containing 78% nitrogen and 21% oxygen by purging the sleeve with a gas having a density exceeding the density of atmospheric air and nitrogen.

When comparing the density of the gases that make up the atmospheric air, oxygen (O2) is preferred, the density of which relative to air is 1.05; moreover, being an oxidizing agent, it helps to intensify the combustion of gunpowder.

The method for removing nitrogen from the liner is presented in Figures 1-4.

The general view of the ammunition is shown in Fig. 1, where:

1 - sleeve;

2 - capsule;

3 - propellant charge;

4 - atmospheric air;

5 - projectile (bullet.

A sleeve with a primer (1 and 2) is installed on the workplace - fig. 2

A pipe with a calibrated outlet hole (Fig. 3) is inserted into the sleeve (Fig. 4) to the bottom.

Oxygen (O ₂ ) is supplied through the pipe and the pipe is removed from the sleeve cavity without stopping the oxygen supply. After the nozzle is removed, the propellant charge 3 is loaded into the sleeve and the projectile 5 is mounted.

List of documents used.

1. Russian Patent No. 14214 dated August 27, 1908. Author - K. Puff.

2. US Patent No. 1944834 dated January 30, 1934. Author - G. Gerlich.

3. Patent RU No. 2577163 C1, dated September 26, 2014

4. Patent RU No. 2102693 C1, dated 01.09.1993

5. Patent RU No. 2372581 C1, dated 2611.2008

6. Patent RU No. 191143 U1 dated 02/04/2019

7. “Small arms cartridges” by V.M. Kirilov and V.M. Sabelnikov Central Research Institute of Information, 1980

8. Chemistry library. Yu.V. Khodakov and others §22 Interaction of nitrogen with oxygen. Inorganic chemistry Textbook for 9th grade. 1971

9. “Selected works” by Ya.B. Zeldovich Publication "Science" Academy of Sciences of the USSR 1984

10. “Fundamentals of ballistics and aerodynamics” I.A. Balagansky. Ed. NSTU. 2017

Claims (2)

1. An ammunition containing a cartridge case, an igniter primer located in the rear part of the cartridge case, a propellant powder charge placed in the internal cavity of the cartridge case, and a projectile-bullet placed in the muzzle of the cartridge case, characterized in that the propellant powder charge placed in the internal cavity sleeves, is in an oxygen environment. 2. The method of manufacturing ammunition according to claim 1, which consists in the fact that before loading the propellant powder charge into the muzzle of the cartridge case filled with atmospheric air, a pipe with a calibrated outlet hole is inserted to the bottom of the cartridge case with a gap to the inner surface of its bottom with the possibility of its movement into cartridge, oxygen is supplied through the pipe, which replaces the nitrogen contained in the atmospheric air, after which the pipe is removed from the cavity of the cartridge without stopping the supply of oxygen, then a propellant powder charge is loaded into the cartridge and a projectile-bullet is mounted in the muzzle of the cartridge with the possibility of placing a propellant powder charge in the inner cavity of the cartridge case in an oxygen environment.

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