RU2805261C1 - Device for prevention of fuel ignition in tank of a land vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: ignition prevention equipment.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a device for preventing ignition of fuel in a tank of a land vehicle. The device is located around the perimeter of the fuel tank, the vertical posts of the frame are made with grooves for the protrusions of the three side protective panels, two longitudinal upper and lower beams of the frame on each side are made with rollers rotating on axes, on which guides are installed in the form of channels of the upper protective panel and plate with a squib and screw return springs for the actuator for resetting (shooting) the panels, all panels made of sheet iron are fixed in their original position by stoppers attached to the frame with electromagnetic and manual drives, three side panels are made in the form of truncated segments of a semi-ellipse, box-type, with greater mass in the upper part, and the upper horizontal panel is a box-shaped rectangle, along the bottom of the panels, fire-resistant fabric with a low heat transfer coefficient is laid, pressed by cellular honeycombs located throughout the volume of the panels, filled with viscous clay, the extinguishing mixture is supplied to the horizontal panel by a gas-dynamic system connected through control and alarm unit with a block of seismic (detonation) sensors located under a horizontal panel through main pipelines with sprayers and mixture flow dampers installed in a checkerboard pattern.

EFFECT: prevention of ignition (explosion) of fuel in the tank.

1 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of fire prevention and fire containment and can be used to prevent a fire on a ground vehicle in emergency situations.

A device for extinguishing a fire by displacing air from a closed volume by supplying fire extinguishing liquid to the source of the fire is known. The liquid is supplied by an actuator connected through a control and alarm unit to a temperature sensor unit [1].

The disadvantage of this method is the low efficiency of fire extinguishing, since during the time the temperature sensors are triggered by fire, most of the machine’s components can be damaged.

There is a known method of extinguishing a fire caused by incendiary weapons using portable powder fire extinguishers [1, 2] carried on vehicles. The main advantage of the method is ease of operation and reliability.

The disadvantage of this method is that in case of fire, the explosion of the energy carrier in the tank in some cases occurs in a very short time (for example, due to the burning of the wall of a metal tank from thermite segments, it occurs in 15...30 s), without visible signs of combustion [3], therefore It is not possible to use fire extinguishers during this time.

The closest analogue (prototype) of the claimed invention is a method for protecting a vehicle from fire and a device for its implementation RU 2564253 C2 [4] “Fuel tank of a vehicle having a system for initiating a squib from sensors for shooting (throwing away) the fuel tank.”

The disadvantage of this device is that it immobilizes the vehicle, which requires further restoration of mobility.

It is also known that recommendations for the study of fires from incendiary weapons and protection against them in vehicles [3, 5] pay attention to extinguishing fires by chemical inhibition of interacting substances and stopping the combustion reaction of metals and their alloys: potassium, sodium, aluminum, magnesium when exposed to powders of composition SI-2 (silica gel saturated with freon) supplied to the combustion zone with inert gases (for example, argon, nitrogen), as well as the use of viscous clay and dry sand, which prevents the growth of the fire along the ignition surface.

The purpose of this invention is to improve the reliability of the functioning of the fuel tank under conditions of exposure to temperature factors on the surface of the fuel tank when incendiary substances burn on it without access to air oxygen, which cause ignition (explosion) of the fuel in the tank.

To achieve this goal, the problem of creating a device to prevent ignition (explosion) of fuel in the tank of a land vehicle from incendiary substances burning without access to air oxygen is being solved.

The proposed device contains a fuel tank 1 (Fig. 1, 2), placed in a volumetric frame attached to the tank bracket 2 and the vehicle frame 3, which is made of vertical posts 4, longitudinal 5 and transverse 6 beams rigidly coupled to each other by welding. The vertical posts have grooves 7 for installing protrusions 8 of three side protective panels 9 (Fig. 1, 2, 4) for dropping the panels in the event of destruction of the protective layer in them, consisting of viscous clay and fire-resistant fabric. Rollers 12 are installed in the two longitudinal upper 10 and lower 11 beams of the frame on each side of the tank, rotating on axes attached with bolts 13. Guides 14 (Fig. 2, 3) in the form of channels are installed on the rollers, welded at the top and bottom to the horizontal protective panel 15 and plate 16 (Fig. 1, 5) in the longitudinal plane. A squib 17 is installed in the annular groove of the plate (ED-KZ-P with a short-delay electric safety igniter, with a deceleration interval of 25 ms, current 0.18 A [7]). The contacts of the electric igniter circuit of the squib 17 are output to the vertical post of the frame. Screw return springs 18 are attached to the slab 16 and the transverse beam of the frame 6 for the actuator for resetting (shooting) the horizontal protective panel 15 and returning the slab to its original position. Horizontal and vertically located panels, made of sheet iron, are fixed in their original position by stoppers 19, 20 (Fig. 1, 2) fixed to the frame with electromagnetic and manual drives through holes 21 in the frame and panels. Three side protective panels 9 are made in the form of truncated segments of a semi-ellipse 22, box-shaped, with a larger mass in the upper part 23 (Fig. 1, 4), to ensure that the outer surface of the panel with the burning thermite turns itself down under its own weight when the panel is reset to prevent burning thermite from getting on the tires of a moving vehicle. The upper horizontal panel 15 is made in the shape of a box-shaped rectangle (Fig. 1, 3). Fire-resistant fabric 24 with a low heat transfer coefficient is laid along the bottom of the panels, pressed by cellular honeycombs 25 (Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4), located along the volume of the panels, made of sheet iron and welded to the panel bodies. The panels' cells are filled with viscous clay 26. A gas-dynamic system for supplying extinguishing mixture with gas pressure (Fig. 1, 6), which includes a cylinder 27 with inert gas (argon), a two-position spool electromagnetic valve 28, a reduction gear 29, a vortex chamber 30 with an extinguishing agent composition, sprayers 31 and flow dampers 32, installed in a checkerboard pattern above the horizontal panel 15, are connected to each other by main pipelines 33 with union nuts 34, attached to a stand 35 with bolts with nuts and washers, which is welded to the longitudinal beam 5 of the frame. The extinguishing mixture consists of SI-2 powder (silica gel saturated with freon), argon and dry sand. The initiating device (Fig. 1) contains five separate sensor units, electrical circuits with operating position switches 36: a seismic sensor unit 37 and infrared sensor units 38, 39, 40, 41. All blocks are located on the frame under the bottoms of the panels, connected to the control unit 42 and alarm 43, powered from the on-board network 44, through a switch 45, a fuse 46 and a protective diode 47. The seismic sensor unit 37 of the horizontal panel initiates the electromagnetic valve 28 of the cylinder 27, the infrared unit sensors 38, the same panel initiates the squib 17 and the electromagnetic stopper 19, and at the same time, at the command of the control unit, it stops the supply of argon to the vortex chamber, three blocks of infrared sensors 39, 40, 41 initiate the electromagnetic stoppers 20 of the initial position of the vertical protective panels. Installation of new panels on the fuel tank is carried out by manual drive 48 (Fig. 2) of electromagnetic stoppers 19 and 20.

The weight charge of the squib is determined from the condition of the law of conservation of energy during uniformly accelerated motion: the impulse from the explosion of the squib or the kinetic energy of the burnt powder gases during the adiabatic expansion process must be equal to the work performed by the actuator. For example, for shooting a panel of a Ural-4320 car

E _k =A ₁ +A ₂ +A ₃

where A ₁ is the work done to move the panel along the roller mechanism;

A ₂ is the work done to move the panel along a ballistic trajectory;

A ₃ is the work done to overcome the force of air resistance.

where m _n , m ₃ - mass of the panel and squib charge, respectively, kg;

V ₃ , V _n - speed of the explosion products of the charge and panel, respectively, m/s,

V _n =1.5 m/s;

Q ₀ - heat of explosion of gunpowder, Q ₀ =4000 J/kg;

μ - charge shape coefficient, μ=0.333 for a flat squib [9]; m _B

S ₁ - path traveled by the panel along the beam rollers, S ₁ =0.6 m;

S ₁ g - acceleration of free fall, m/s ² ;

h ₁ - panel height, h ₁ =1.5 m;

K ₀ - panel streamlining coefficient, K ₀ =0.6÷0.8;

In _p - the panel width is 1 m;

H _n - panel height, H _b =0.1 m;

S ₂ - the path traveled by the panel along the ballistic trajectory from the theorem

Pythagoras, is

where AC=2.4 m, and BC=1.0 m.

The essence of the device is illustrated by the drawings presented in figures 1-6:

- in fig. 1 - layout diagram of the device;

- in fig. 2 - layout diagram of protective panels, section A;

- in fig. 3 - diagram of the horizontal panel device, section;

- in fig. 4 - diagram of the arrangement of vertical panels;

- in fig. 5 - diagram of the plate structure;

- in fig. 6 - installation diagram of gas-dynamic system elements.

The device operates as follows: before performing work, switches 34 and 41 are moved to the working position. When incendiary substances (segments, thermite briquettes) burning without access to air oxygen fall and stick to the surface of the panels, the combustion temperature rises to 3000°C due to the interaction of aluminum thermite powder with heavy metals (iron oxides). A layer of fire-resistant fabric and viscous clay located along the bottom and on the surface of the panels protects the fuel tank from temperature factors. The impact of thermite segments or briquettes on the surface of the horizontal panel triggers the seismic (detonation) sensor 37 (Fig. 1, 2), the lamp in the alarm unit 43 lights up, the signal is transmitted to the control unit 42, amplified and a command is generated that turns on the two-position spool valve 28 s the purpose of supplying argon under pressure from a cylinder 27 through a reduction reducer 29 into the vortex chamber 30. A mixture of SI-2 powder and sand in the vortex chamber is mixed and under pressure through the main pipelines, together with argon through flow dampers 32 and sprayers 31, evenly cover the surface of the horizontal panel 15 Sand blocks the growth of the fire source, and SI-2 powder with argon stops the reaction between aluminum thermite powder and iron oxides [3, 6]. In the event of destruction of the protective layer of the panel (clay and fire-resistant fabric), the infrared sensor 38 of the horizontal panel is triggered, the signal is transmitted to the control unit, which initiates the squib 17 and the electromagnetic stopper 19 of the horizontal panel to remove (shoot) the metal plate 16 of the panel 15 to a safe distance and at the same time the supply of inert gas from the cylinder 27 to the vortex chamber 30 is stopped due to de-energizing the two position valve 28 of the cylinder by the control unit. After shooting, the plate returns to its original position under the influence of the rigidity of two helical springs. When the protective layer of the side panels (clay and fire-resistant fabric) is destroyed, infrared sensors 39, 40, 41 located under the panels are activated alternately (if all panels are destroyed, then all sensors are activated at once), the control unit initiates electromagnetic stoppers 20 one by one or all at once in their own way electrical lines and panels under the influence of gravity along the grooves of the vertical posts 4 fall down and turn over with the outer surface down due to the shape of the panel so that the burning thermite does not fall on the wheels of a moving vehicle. Switches 34 and 41 turn off. Installation of new panels on the fuel tank is carried out by manual drive 48 electromagnetic stoppers 19 and 20 (Fig. 1, 2), and the replacement of cylinder 27 is controlled by pressure gauge 49.

The technical result of preventing ignition (explosion) of fuel in the tank from factors of incendiary substances burning without access to air oxygen is achieved through a layer of fire-resistant fabric and viscous clay panels and a chemical braking reaction until attenuation by argon with SI-2 powder and dry sand, burning aluminum powder thermite with oxides of heavy metals, and in case of destruction, a protective layer of viscous clay and fire-resistant fabric by removing panels from the fuel tank.

Sources used

1. Borodin N.G. Engineering weapons vehicles. Part 4. Basic products: textbook. / N.G. Borodin and [etc.]. - M.: Voenizdat, 1987. - 432 p.

2. clause 7.7. Appendices to the Basic Provisions on the admission of vehicles to operation and the responsibilities of officials to ensure road safety. Traffic rules of the Russian Federation. - M: Atberg 98 LLC, 2011. - 64 p.

3. Grabovoy I.D. Incendiary weapons and protection against them / I.D. Grabovoi, V.K. Kadyuk. - M.: Military Publishing House, 1983. - 141 p.

4. Pat. No. 2564253 C2 Russian Federation IPC G08B 17/00, Method of protecting a vehicle from fire and a device for its implementation / Yu.V. Salomokhin, A.P. Trofimov, O.A. Matveev, A.Yu. Dashenko, No. 2013118595/08; Application 04/22/2013, pub. 08/27/2015.

5. GOST 27331-87. Fire equipment. Classification of fires. - Enter. 1988-01-01. - M.: Standards Publishing House, 1987. - 6 p.

6. Bulochnikov T.S. Fires in the engine compartment. Recommendations for the study of fires in vehicles / Bulochnikov T.S. Stanovenko A.A., Chernichuk Yu.P. “Fire testing laboratory of the State Fire Service of the Central Internal Affairs Directorate.” - M.: 2015 - 231 p.

7. Ground artillery ammunition, training manual. Part 1/A.Ya. Zaichenko [and others]. under general ed. ON THE. Selezneva. - M.: Voenizdat, 1970. - 248 p.

8. Damaging effect of ammunition: textbook / A.Z. Garayev [and others]. - Perm: PVI VV Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, 2001. - P. 64-105.

9. Armored vehicles from Zashchita Corporation. http://www.zashchita.ru/production.

Claims (1)

A device for preventing ignition of fuel in a tank of a land vehicle, containing a frame with an actuator, protective panels and an initiating device, characterized in that the frame located along the perimeter of the fuel tank is attached rigidly to the tank bracket and frame, racks, longitudinal and transverse beams of the frame interconnected by welding, vertical posts with grooves made in them for the protrusions of three side protective panels, two longitudinal upper and lower beams on each side of the frame are made with rollers rotating on axes, attached with bolts, with the upper ones installed on them through guides in the form of channels a protective panel and a plate with a squib and screw return springs for the actuator for resetting (shooting) the panel, all panels made of sheet iron are fixed in their original position by stoppers attached to the frame with electromagnetic and manual drives, three side panels in the form of truncated segments of a semi-ellipse, box-shaped type, with greater mass in the upper part, and the upper horizontal panel is a box-shaped rectangle, along the bottom of the panels, laid fire-resistant fabric with a low heat transfer coefficient, pressed by cellular honeycombs located along the volume of the panels, made of sheet iron, welded to the panel bodies, filled with viscous clay, a cylinder with inert gas (argon) of a gas-dynamic system, a two-position spool electromagnetic valve, a reduction gear, a vortex chamber with an extinguishing composition, main pipelines with sprayers and flow dampers installed in a checkerboard pattern above a horizontal panel, attached to a stand welded to the frame , an initiating device containing five separate blocks of sensors located on the frame under the bottoms of the panels, connected to a control and alarm unit, powered from the on-board network, a block of seismic sensors of a horizontal panel, an initiating electromagnetic valve of the cylinder, a block of infrared sensors, a squib of the same panel and electromagnetic stopper and de-energizes the two-position spool valve, three blocks of infrared sensors of the vertical panels initiate electromagnetic stoppers of the initial position of the panels.

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