RU2804981C1 - Training complex for practicing actions of firefighters and rescuers during fire reconnaissance and rescue operations - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: education; training.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to educational and training means, intended to train cadets in conducting fire reconnaissance and rescue operations and can be used to train and monitor the readiness of firefighters and rescuers in educational institutions and rescue structures to work in conditions of man-made accidents and disasters similar to real conditions. The training complex for practicing the actions of firefighters and rescuers during fire reconnaissance and rescue operations is an area with a fence located along the perimeter of the training complex and internal partitions. The complex contains an area with a pit equipped with a flooring, having a hatch with hinged doors that open downwards, equipped with a latch lock, areas with full-scale mock-ups of drinking and sewer wells. The fencing and internal partitions are made from a set of sections. The internal partitions are made portable. Each section contains a supporting frame in the form of a hexagonal prism flattened along the vertical. The vertical ribs of the frame along the side edges of the section are equipped with fasteners for connecting the sections and hanging the door.

EFFECT: level of training of trainees increases.

4 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to educational and training means and is intended to train cadets in conducting fire reconnaissance and rescue operations and can be used to train and monitor the readiness of firefighters and rescuers in educational institutions and rescue structures to work in conditions of man-made accidents and disasters similar to real conditions.

A fire simulator is known (RF patent for invention No. 2088977, IPC G09B 9/00, 1977), made in the form of a mobile container, the conditions of the training environment inside which correspond to similar conditions in a fire, and containing at least two parts, one of which is a closed apartment simulator, and the other is a smoke cage, which is configured to be moved relative to the apartment simulator and placed inside it when transporting a fire simulator; the apartment simulator has space for installing a smoke cage inside it to ensure training in smoke.

The disadvantage of this simulator is the lack of the ability to change the route when training cadets to conduct fire reconnaissance and insufficient versatility, since it can only be used for training firefighters.

A known simulator for training and monitoring the readiness of rescuers (RF Patent for invention No. 2352997, IPC G09B9/00, 2009), the sections of which have the shape of a pencil case and are designed to fit into one another with an internal cavity measuring 450×500, length 500 and 1000 mm and an outer shell with a cross-sectional size of 550×600, lengths of 600 and 1200 mm. The sections are equipped with stationary, removable, folding and destructible elements that imitate communications, rubble, and an insertable multilayer cassette made of various materials, imitating the wall of a building or structure. The covering of the sections is made removable in the form of retractable or folding slabs or stationary. The simulator can be equipped with additional elements in the form of grids, braces, stops, latches, hinges and hinges.

The disadvantage of this simulator is the low degree of simulation of conditions occurring in a real situation, the difficulty of changing the route, the inability to practice the skills of lifting victims from wells, skeptics, sinkholes, settling tanks, etc.

A simulator is known (RF Patent for Invention No. 2582520, IPC G09B 9/00, 2014) containing at least one passage section and at least one intermediate connecting module, made in the form of frame structures of rectangular cross-section and having consistent sized end frames in which connecting holes are made around the perimeter for connecting together at least one pass-through section and at least one intermediate connecting module, as well as at least one obstacle section and at least at least one replaceable cassette with destructible or non-destructible elements, configured to be installed in the intermediate connecting module. In this case, the passage section contains a collapsible frame with two side transverse frames mounted with the possibility of connection with the end frames, a ceiling frame made with the possibility of connecting the end and side transverse frames to the upper elements, and a solid or mesh flooring made with the possibility of connection with the lower elements end and transverse frames. Nets are installed in the side transverse frames and in the ceiling frame, and the obstacle section is made in the form of a prefabricated structure with two rectangular end frames that match in size with the end frames of the intermediate connecting modules and have connecting holes around the perimeter for connecting at least one obstacle section and at least one intermediate connecting module.

The disadvantage of this simulator is its insufficient versatility, the inability to practice the skills of lifting victims from wells, skeptics, sinkholes, sumps, etc., as well as the inability to quickly change the layout of the simulator premises and the level of difficulty of obstacles.

A known simulator for training firefighters and rescuers (Utility model patent RU No. 194048, IPC G09B 19/00, 2019), adopted as a prototype, made in the form of a labyrinth of sections in the shape of a parallelepiped, having doors, partitions, sections, each a length of at least 3 m, a height of no more than 1 m and a width of no more than 1 m, in the form of a frame formed by connected metal rectangular trusses, equipped with a floor in the form of a flooring made of sheet metal material, located in plan in the shape of a square with axes of symmetry parallel to it sides, the side of the square is formed by at least three sections, and the axis of symmetry is formed by at least two sections; at the intersection of the symmetry axes there is a central section in the shape of a square, with a side of at least 3 m, in the center of which there is a vertical section with a height of at least 3 m, shaped like a rectangular parallelepiped with a square base of 1 m × 1 m, lined inside and outside with sheet metal material , inside it is equipped with a ladder ladder, in the upper part along the perimeter it is equipped with a horizontal platform at least 1 m wide, equipped with railings; at least one of the sides of the square is formed by two sections installed obliquely at an angle of 45°, at least in one of which the floor is made in the form of a flight of stairs, between which there is a section installed horizontally above the rest by at least 1 m, the floor of which is equipped with a hatch 0.9 m × 0.9 m in size with hinged doors opening downwards, equipped with a lock capable of remote opening, at least one section is made with a narrowing to a height of 0.4 m; the frame of at least one section has holes intended for installing pieces of reinforcement; the frame of at least one section has holes and/or loops designed for fixing a metal and/or plastic cord in a chaotic manner; at least one section is equipped with a section of pipeline with a diameter of 250 mm and a length of at least 2 m, characterized by the presence of leaks at the joints of pipes and/or on a flat area, made with the possibility of connecting to the water supply through valves; the frame of at least one section is equipped with vertical guides made from a channel, fixed on opposite vertical trusses of the frame, in which a panel with a thickness of at least 0.1 m is installed with the possibility of vertical movement, while all sections are equipped with a removable awning made of light-proof material.

The disadvantage of this simulator is the inability to practice fire reconnaissance skills, lifting victims from wells, septic tanks, sinkholes, sumps, etc., as well as the inability to quickly change the layout of the simulator and the difficulty level of obstacles.

The technical result is the expansion of the functionality of the training complex, including the ability to quickly change the layout and level of complexity of obstacles when preparing firefighters and rescuers to conduct fire reconnaissance and rescue operations, a high degree of simulation of conditions occurring in a real environment.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the training complex for practicing the actions of firefighters and rescuers during fire reconnaissance and rescue operations, which is an area with a fence located along the perimeter of the training complex and internal partitions, contains at least one zone with a pit, equipped with a flooring with a hatch with hinged doors opening downwards, equipped with a latch, and/or contains at least one zone with a full-scale model of a drinking well, and/or contains at least one zone with a full-scale model of a sewer well, fencing and internal partitions, made of a set of sections, internal partitions are made portable with the ability to create various types of territory planning, the kit includes sections and doors made with a height of at least 1 m, sections are made in the form of a flattened parallelepiped close to the length of 2 m and 1 m, doors are made with a width of 1 m, each section contains a load-bearing frame in the shape of a flattened along the vertical of a hexagonal prism, the front and rear edges of the section are lined with sheet metal material, the vertical ribs of the frame along the lateral edges of the section are equipped with fastenings for a detachable hinge joint of the ramrod type, providing the ability to connect from two to four sections and/or hang a door, at least one section on the front and /or the rear face is equipped with a frame with a mesh or woven material stretched over it, equal to the size of the face, hinged on the lower edge of the face with the possibility of rotary movement and fixation in a vertical position with a lock made with the possibility of remote opening. The pit is made with a depth of 1÷1.5 m, an area exceeding the area of the hatch and not less than 1.5 m ² . The shaft of the full-scale model of a drinking well is made of at least 3 m in depth, 1÷1.5 m in width, made of concrete rings or in the form of a wooden frame.

The shaft of the full-scale model of a sewer well is made of concrete rings with a depth of at least 3 m, with a diameter of 1.8÷2 m.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by graphic materials.

In fig. 1 schematically shows a layout option for a training complex for practicing the actions of firefighters and rescuers during fire reconnaissance and rescue operations. Figure 2 shows a photo of a training complex with a pit area simulating a burnout. Figure 3 shows a photo of the section with the frame in its original position. Figure 4 shows a photo of a section with a frame in the “collapse” position. Figure 5. Shows a photo of a full-scale mock-up of a drinking well. Figure 6. Shows a photo of a full-scale model of a sewer well. Figure 7 shows an image of the section's supporting frame. Figure 8 shows an image of a section with lining.

The training complex for practicing the actions of firefighters and rescuers during fire reconnaissance and rescue operations is an area with a fence 1 located along the perimeter of the training complex and internal partitions 2. The training complex may contain at least one zone with a pit 3 simulating a burnout, at least one zone with a full-scale model of a drinking well 4, at least one zone with a full-scale model of a sewer well 5. The fencing and internal partitions are made of a set of sections. Internal partitions 2 are made portable with the ability to create different types of territory layout. The set of sections includes sections 6 and doors 7 made with a height of at least 1 m. Sections 6 are made in the shape of a flattened parallelepiped 2 m long and 1 m long, doors 7 are made 1 m wide, each section contains a supporting frame 8 (Fig. 7) in the form of a hexagonal prism flattened along the vertical, the front and rear edges of the section are lined with sheet metal material (Fig. 8), the vertical ribs of the frame along the lateral edges of the section are equipped with fastenings of 9 detachable swivel joints of the ramrod type, providing the ability to connect from two to four sections and/or hang the door 7, at least one section on the front and/or rear edge is equipped with a frame with a mesh stretched over it (Fig. 3) or woven material equal to the size of the edge, hinged on the lower edge of the edge with the possibility of rotary movement and fixation in a vertical position with a lock , made with the possibility of remote opening. The specified frame (Fig. 4) simulates a collapse. Each pit 3, simulating a burnout, is equipped with a flooring having a hatch with hinged doors (Fig. 2), opening downwards, equipped with a latch lock. Pit 3 is made with a depth of 1÷1.5 m, an area exceeding the area of the hatch and not less than 1.5 m ² . The shaft of the full-scale mock-up of drinking well 4 is made with a depth of at least 3 m, a width of 1÷1.5 m, made of concrete rings or in the form of a wooden frame. The head of the mock-up drinking well 4 can be equipped with a lid and a mechanism for raising water to the surface; the shaft can be filled with water to a level of up to 1 m (Fig. 5). The shaft of the full-scale model of the sewer well 5 is made of concrete rings with a depth of at least 3 m, with a diameter of 1.8÷2 m (Fig. 6).

The inventive training complex is used to practice coordinated actions as part of one or several fire/rescue departments during fire reconnaissance and rescue operations. When practicing rescue actions in the inventive training complex, manual fire escapes, anchor devices (tripods), winches and pulley systems, mannequin(s) simulating a victim, and elements of building structures simulating rubble (for example, building blocks, bricks, logs, boards and etc.). Install internal partitions in a given initial position, forming one or more educational and practical zones. Educational and practical zones can simulate the internal layout of various residential premises (apartments, dormitories, hotels, etc.) and non-residential premises (offices, warehouses, etc.), with imitation of burnouts and collapses, as well as the layout of buildings and structures (yards, passages, etc.). The use of a set of sections 6 and doors 7, of the stated dimensions, ensures the creation of various types of layout in the shortest possible time, allows you to include (exclude) in the layout zones with a pit, with a full-scale model of a drinking well and with a full-scale model of a sewer well. Thus, they create tasks for conducting fire reconnaissance and rescue operations of varying degrees of complexity.

Training in the proposed complex is aimed at developing physical and psychological readiness among firefighters and rescuers to act in extreme situations. In the process of such training, students improve their professional skills and learn to correctly apply knowledge and skills in practice. The use of the inventive simulator provides training and consolidation of skills in performing the following work: movement of gas and smoke protection units along the main landmarks (wall, hose line, track cable), search for victims in conditions of zero visibility, recovery of gas and smoke protectors from emergency situations that arise during a fire, conducting fire reconnaissance, search and transportation of victims horizontally, lifting victims from a burnout in conditions of zero visibility, carrying out work to recover from emergency situations in the event of loss of orientation, separation of a unit, falling into a burnout and collapse, practicing skills in lifting victims from septic tanks, sinkholes, settling tanks, etc. d. using manual fire escapes, installing anchor devices (tripods) and ensuring safe positioning, lifting and lowering people, lifting victims using a winch and pulley systems, practicing skills in lifting victims from drinking wells with a superstructure using portable anchor devices (tripods) and rescue equipment, lifting victims from the drinking well using manual fire escapes, using a winch and pulley systems. To complicate the task in educational and practical zones, it is possible to place elements of destroyed building structures, as well as fill the internal space of educational and practical zones with smoke or air-mechanical foam.

An experimental model of a training complex was made for practicing the actions of firefighters and rescuers during fire reconnaissance and rescue operations with an area of 120 m ² , one zone with a pit simulating a burnout, one zone with a full-scale model of a drinking well, and one zone with a full-scale model of a sewer well. According to the test results, the proposed training complex during the training of fire service personnel showed the performance of the proposed design. The test results of the proposed complex generally confirmed its effectiveness for training sessions on methods and techniques for conducting fire reconnaissance and rescue operations with rescue tools and fire-technical weapons.

Claims (4)

1. A training complex for practicing the actions of firefighters and rescuers during fire reconnaissance and rescue operations, characterized in that it is an area with a fence located along the perimeter of the training complex and internal partitions, contains at least one area with a pit, equipped with a flooring having a hatch with hinged doors opening downwards, equipped with a latch, and/or contains at least one zone with a full-scale model of a drinking well, and/or contains at least one zone with a full-scale model of a sewer well, the fence and internal partitions are made of a set of sections, the internal partitions are made portable with the ability to create various types of territory planning, the kit includes sections and doors made with a height of at least 1 m, sections are made in the form of a flattened parallelepiped close to the length of 2 m and 1 m, doors are made with a width of 1 m, each section contains a load-bearing frame in the shape of a flattened along the vertical of a hexagonal prism, the front and rear edges of the section are lined with sheet metal material, the vertical ribs of the frame along the lateral edges of the section are equipped with fastenings for a detachable hinge joint of the ramrod type, providing the ability to connect from two to four sections and/or hang a door, at least one section on the front and /or the rear face is equipped with a frame with a mesh or woven material stretched over it, equal to the size of the face, hinged on the lower edge of the face with the possibility of rotary movement and fixation in a vertical position with a lock made with the possibility of remote opening. 2. A training complex for practicing the actions of firefighters and rescuers during fire reconnaissance and rescue operations according to claim 1, characterized in that the pit is made with a depth of 1÷1.5 m, an area exceeding the area of the hatch and not less than 1.5 m ² . 3. A training complex for practicing the actions of firefighters and rescuers during fire reconnaissance and rescue operations according to claim 1, characterized in that the shaft of a full-scale model of a drinking well is made of at least 3 m in depth, 1÷1.5 m in width, made of concrete rings or in the form of a wooden frame. 4. A training complex for practicing the actions of firefighters and rescuers during fire reconnaissance and rescue operations according to claim 1, characterized in that the shaft of a full-scale model of a sewer well is made of concrete rings with a depth of at least 3 m, with a diameter of 1.8÷2 m.