RU184822U1 - SIMULATOR FOR TRAINING OF FIRE AND RESCUEERS - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to simulators for training firefighters and rescuers, namely, to acquire and consolidate skills in preparing firefighters and rescuers for work using mobile robotic systems in conditions of technological accidents and disasters similar to real conditions. The essence of the utility model is a simulator for training firefighters and rescuers, made in the form of a frame structure based on vertical struts and horizontal jumpers from a profile pipe, having partitions and doors in the form of sieves k, forming a labyrinth, characterized in that the sections of the labyrinth and the thresholds between the sections have a height inaccessible for the mobile robotic complex to pass, at the inputs / outputs of the sections and thresholds inaccessible in height for the mobile robotic complex to pass, ramps sufficient in size for unhindered passing a mobile robotic complex, technological openings of a given size, sufficient for unhindered access, are made in the lower part of partitions and doors walk around the mobile robotic complex. The simulator, characterized in that in extended horizontal sections with a circular cross section - a pipe, the ramps located at the inlet / outlet of the section are connected by the middle horizontal part. 6 of FIG.

Description

The utility model relates to simulators for training firefighters and rescuers, namely for acquiring and reinforcing skills in preparing firefighters and rescuers for work using mobile robotic systems in conditions of technological accidents and catastrophes, similar to real conditions.

In connection with natural and man-made disasters and the increasing incidence of terrorist acts, it is urgent to create specialized training tools for rescue and fire brigade personnel to work in extreme conditions. Such tools, in particular, are simulators in the form of a labyrinth, having equipment that, to one degree or another, imitates some typical situations that often arise in the aforementioned conditions, for example, orienting and finding victims, passages in the rubble in conditions of poor visibility or in the absence of the latter ( with strong smoke).

When performing rescue operations, situations often arise that are life-threatening to the lifeguard. The use of the so-called uninhabited technologies [https://npoat.com/projects/ uninhabited technologies], which include robotic tools, allows minimizing the degree of risk for rescuers. Among the many modern robotic tools, mobile robots - mobile robotic complexes (RTOs) [http://helpiks.org/4-75854.html] occupy a special place. A wide range of their functionality, constant readiness for sudden use makes RTOs indispensable for emergency response services.

In particular, RTOs perform an intelligence function to facilitate further search and evacuation of the injured by firefighters and / or rescuers [http://sktbpr.ru/robot/mrk-02].

When simulating the situation on the simulator in real time, there is a need to acquire and consolidate the skills of firefighters and rescuers when working with RTOs. In this case, the trainee’s operator usually performs the function of the trainee (fireman, rescuer) using the control panel. Further in the text, for the convenience of presentation, the applicant uses the term “operator” to refer to the trainee (fireman, rescuer) while working with the control panel of an RTO.

To work out the situation on the simulator, the labyrinth first goes through an RTO controlled by the operator, while the RTO must overcome the route through sections and partitions. Then, after receiving information from the RTOs, the trainee enters the simulator and follows the route depending on the data obtained using the RTOs, for example, moves along a shortened route to the mannequin found by the RTOs and / or blockage, which in real conditions accelerates the rescue of victims and reduces the degree of risk saver.

The passage of RTOs through the labyrinth of the simulator becomes physically impossible if technological openings are not provided in the partitions and / or doors that allow the RTOs to pass along a given route. Moving RTOs is also impossible through obstacles (sections and thresholds of the simulator) with a height higher than possible for passing RTOs, in the absence of special ramps.

From the investigated prior art, the applicant has identified a large number of labyrinth simulators for training firefighters and rescuers (hereinafter referred to as the simulator). At the same time, labyrinth simulators with the possibility of acquiring and reinforcing the skills of firefighters and rescuers when using RTOs, that is, those containing technological openings and ramps for passing RTOs, were not identified by the applicant at the filing date of the application.

So, from the investigated prior art, the applicant identified a TOP orientation simulator [http://aptts.ru/catalog/training-simulators/trenazhery-teplodymokamer/trenaher-orientaciitor/], which is part of an automated training complex designed for practical training rescuers and practicing tactics for rescuing people in conditions that mimic the situation in a fire or in the event of another emergency.

The TOR orientation trainer can be designed in two or more levels in height, which allows you to crawl, walk, straightened and half bent, to climb.

The TOR orientation simulator consists of the following simulation objects:

narrow manholes of various configurations;

remotely controlled hatches;

inclined staircase and ladder;

a pipe for moving inside it is crawling;

sloping floor;

impermeable barriers (with the possibility of quick dismantling);

step-by-step control system.

From the investigated prior art, the applicant revealed the invention according to patent RU No. 2582520 "Simulator". The essence of the known invention is a simulator, which contains at least one passage section and at least one intermediate connecting module made in the form of frame structures of rectangular cross section and having end-sized frames of equal size, in which connecting holes are made around the perimeter for interconnecting at least one passage section and at least one intermediate connecting module, as well as at least one obstacle section and at least one removable cartridge with destructible or non-destructible elements, made with the possibility of installation in the intermediate connecting module. While the passage section contains a collapsible frame with two lateral transverse frames mounted with the possibility of connection with the end frames, a ceiling frame made with the possibility of attaching to the upper elements of the end and side transverse frames, and a solid or mesh floor made with the possibility of connection with the lower elements end and transverse frames. Grids are installed in the lateral transverse frames and in the ceiling frame, and the obstacle section is made in the form of a prefabricated structure with two rectangular end frames that are equal in size to the end frames of the intermediate connecting modules and have perimeter connecting holes for connecting at least one obstacle section and at least one intermediate connecting module.

From the investigated prior art, the applicant identified a utility model according to the patent for utility model RU 48092 "Trainer for training firefighters and rescuers." The essence of the known technical solution is a simulator for training firefighters and rescuers, containing a working chamber divided by partitions forming a labyrinth with various routes of passage, and at least part of the partitions are movable and equipped with locks, characterized in that the locks are made in the form of electromagnetic locks with remote control from the control panel. The simulator, characterized in that the working chamber is made in the form of a thermal smoke chamber. The simulator is characterized in that the working chamber is mobile. The simulator, characterized in that the electromagnetic locks through relay modules are connected to microcontrollers that change the state of the lock according to a given program or by command from the control panel.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed utility model selected by the applicant as a prototype is the Labyrinth orientation trainer [http://zu01.ru/node/116] (Fig. 1), which is part of the Teplodimokamera - Sibiryak training complex "[http://www.gazospasatelny-punkt.ru/trenirovki-v-gss/trenirovki-v-teplo-dymokamere/teplodymokamera-sibiryak/]. The famous labyrinth simulator is designed to prepare trainees to navigate in a confined space under the influence of external factors (smoke, high temperature). The essence of the prototype is an orientation simulator with a variable route for movement with obstacles, length 38 m (15 m for full growth, 23 m for crawling or bending).

The prototype is an independent stable frame steel structure made in one and two levels, from 1 to 2 meters high, for moving to full height or bending over. The frame is made of vertical posts and horizontal jumpers from a profile pipe 30 X 30 mm, interconnected by bolts and nuts. The frame elements have fastenings for all the components of the labyrinth, obstacles, fences, floors, hatches, and other mechanical and electrical parts, wires, contacts, electrical installations. The labyrinth area is fenced with removable grids, slightly deforming from pressure on them by people. Similar grids made partitions in the polygon, which sets the route of movement, thereby creating a maze. The construction of the landfill has special transition hatches for organizing movement between the upper and lower levels, which increase the route of movement, using two levels in the labyrinth in one route. In the process of modeling the route of movement, obstacles are placed in the range on special mounts, which complicate the movement and contribute to the development of optimal methods of movement in a limited space.

The disadvantage of all the known technical solutions discussed above, including the prototype, in comparison with the claimed technical solution, is the lack of the ability to acquire and consolidate the skills of firefighters and rescuers when working with RTOs, which is due to the design features of the known simulators, including the prototype, namely:

- the presence of partitions and doors without technological openings, which (partitions and doors) exclude the possibility of moving the mobile robotic complex in the labyrinth of the simulator using the operator;

- the lack of special ramps to overcome the IRA of high barriers.

The purpose of the claimed utility model is to eliminate the disadvantages of the prototype, namely, improving the design of the simulator to ensure the acquisition and consolidation of the skills of firefighters and rescuers when working using an RTO controlled by the operator.

The claimed utility model allows you to speed up the search for victims and reduce the risk for rescuers.

The technical result of the claimed utility model is the design of a simulator with technological openings and ramps, which provides the opportunity for the acquisition and consolidation of the skills of firefighters and rescuers when working with an RTO controlled by the operator.

The essence of the claimed utility model is a simulator for training firefighters and rescuers, made in the form of a frame structure based on vertical struts and horizontal jumpers from a profile pipe, having partitions and doors in the form of gratings forming a labyrinth, characterized in that the labyrinth sections and thresholds between the sections have height inaccessible for passing a mobile robotic complex at the inputs / outputs of sections and thresholds inaccessible in height for passing a mobile robotic complex a, ramps formed, sufficient in size for the unimpeded passage of mobile robotic system, the bottom of the partitions and doors made technological openings of a predetermined size, sufficient for unobstructed passage of mobile robotic complex. The simulator, characterized in that in extended horizontal sections with a circular cross section - a pipe, the ramps located at the inlet / outlet of the section are connected by the middle horizontal part.

The number of levels and sections of the labyrinth simulator, the types of sections (full-length, bent or crawled), their relative position can vary during the manufacture of the simulator, depending on the practical need for training, which does not affect the essence of the claimed technical solution and its distinctive essential features - the implementation of partitions and / or doors with technological openings of a given (sufficient for the passage of RTOs) size, as well as the implementation of ramps through obstacles (sections and / or thresholds) having a height higher than possible for passing MRK.

The different equipment of the sections also does not affect the goals and the claimed technical result - the design of the simulator with technological openings and ramps, which provides the opportunity to acquire and consolidate the skills of firefighters and rescuers when working with an RTO controlled by the operator.

The claimed technical solution is illustrated in FIG. 1 - FIG. 6.

In FIG. 1 shows a General view of the prototype for information.

In FIG. 2 - FIG. 5 as an example, a simulator is presented having 24 sections located on 2 levels:

In FIG. 2 shows a general view of the simulator, where 1 is one of the technological openings; 2, 3 - ramps for entry / exit through a high threshold; 4 - horizontal part for passing through the obstacle "Pipe"; 5 - obstacle "Pipe" for the passage of the route crawling; 6 - one of the sections for the passage of the route in full growth.

In FIG. 3 presents the part of the simulator, where 1 - technological openings.

In FIG. 4 presents the part of the simulator, where 1 - technological openings; 2 - ramps for entry / exit through a high threshold.

In FIG. 5 shows the part of the simulator, where 3 - ramps for entry / exit through the obstacle "Pipe", 4 - horizontal part for passage through the obstacle "Pipe"; 5 - obstacle "Pipe" for the passage of the route crawling.

In FIG. 6 are presented for information photos of the RTOs of the applicant and the operator’s control panel, where 7 is the RTOs in the form of a self-propelled platform no larger than 550 × 550 × 550 mm with a four-wheeled chassis; 8 - Action camera; 9 - operator panel; 10 - built-in display of the remote control.

As indicated above, shown in FIG. 2 - FIG. 5 the simulator may have a different set of sections and the number of levels, which does not affect the essence of the claimed technical solution and technical result. The dimensions of the declared technological openings and ramps depend on the size of the RTOs, which also does not affect the essence of the claimed technical solution and technical result.

The goal and the claimed technical result are achieved due to the fact that in the simulator containing a labyrinth, divided by partitions, forming sections, technological openings of a given (sufficient for the passage of RTOs) size are made in the lower part of the partitions and / or doors, allowing the RTOs controlled by the operator, to follow a given route to carry out reconnaissance in order to facilitate the fulfillment by students of practical tasks to search for and evacuate the victim. In places of the simulator that have obstacles (sections and / or thresholds) with a height higher than that possible for passing MRKs, ramps were made for it (MRK) to freely pass along a given route. The size of the ramp should be sufficient to pass the IRA. At the same time, it is possible to acquire and consolidate the skills of firefighters and rescuers when working with an operator-controlled RTO.

Below the applicant, for a better understanding of the claimed technical solution, provides general information about the mobile robotic (robotic) complex created by the applicant to work in the claimed maze simulator [http://zarnitza.ru/katalog-tovarov/robototekhnika/sredne-spetsialnye-uchebnye-zavedeniia / obuchaiushchie-kompleksy / besprovodnoj-robotizirovannyj-kompleks-na-baze-mobilnoj-robotizirovannoj-platformy-mrp-tdk /]. RTOs are not an integral part of the claimed utility model, but serve as an illustration of the fulfillment of the patentability condition “industrial applicability”.

RTOs (Fig. 6) is a self-propelled platform 7 with a size of no more than 550 × 550 × 550 mm with the ability to remotely control the movement, electronic components are placed inside the platform that allow to identify various objects in conditions of smoke and poor visibility, for example:

- Action camera 8 night vision with infrared spotlights;

- a non-contact temperature sensor (pyrometer), which allows you to identify objects with a temperature different from the ambient temperature, for example, the human body (36.6 ° C);

- Bluetooth transceiver;

- sensors of vibration, smoke, traffic along the strip, water level, humidity, acceleration, angle, digital compass, ultrasonic distance sensor;

- in addition, an acoustic control sensor can be installed, which allows in the absence of visibility to determine the source of sound signals, for example, the sound source of a human voice.

Management of RTOs is carried out using the remote control 9 with a built-in display 10. All technological information, including the image from the Action camera 8, is transmitted to the remote control.

RTOs allows you to transfer data about your location, condition, technological information about the environment (temperature, smoke), as well as mark the location of victims, debris, etc. (in a limited space) on the RTO control panel. The small size of the RTO allows you to go to hard to reach places. Cross-platform software MRK allows you to manage it even from a mobile phone. (Cross-platform - the ability of software to run on more than one hardware platform and / or operating system. It is provided through the use of high-level programming languages, development and runtime environments that support conditional compilation, compilation, and code execution for various platforms. A typical example is software, designed to work on Linux and Windows operating systems at the same time

The claimed simulator provides training for firefighters and rescuers in conditions close to the conditions of work on fires and places of disasters (including man-made).

Smoke in the simulator is created using a smoke-generating machine (not shown in Fig.), Generating concert smoke that enters the training cells and whose composition does not pose a danger to the human body.

To monitor the training and ensure safety, a video surveillance system and two-way communication with the training leader are provided (not shown in Fig.).

The claimed utility model - a simulator for training firefighters and rescuers consists of the following structural elements (Fig. 2).

The frame of the claimed simulator is a structure of vertical posts and horizontal jumpers - crossbars, fastened together by bolted joints in such a way that they form sections of a given size. Racks and crossbars are made of profile steel pipe of square section.

On the horizontal jumpers of the simulator mounted:

- horizontal flooring made of laminated plywood, which form the floor and ceiling sections;

- vertical outer grilles installed around the perimeter of the labyrinth, which form an enclosed space of the labyrinth;

- vertical internal grilles and doors with electromagnetic locks, which are partitions between sections.

In the sections at the entrance and exit from the labyrinth, the lattices are not installed with the aim of unhindered entry and exit of the student.

The claimed simulator contains sections that can be located on one or more levels, and which (sections) are cells of various designs, for example, the following section options are possible (Fig. 2 - Fig. 5):

- sections for the passage of the route in full growth;

- sections for passing the route bent over;

- sections for crawling along the route, for example, if necessary, a horizontal obstacle “Pipe” can be mounted, which is a steel thin-walled pipe with a diameter of, for example, 60 (H800 mm, mounted on the cross members of the simulator;

- and etc.

If necessary, a mannequin is placed in sections and / or a blockage is imitated, which, in the process of training, must be detected by RTOs and trainees.

The elements of the claimed simulator - technological openings 1 of a given size (Fig. 2 - Fig. 5) are made in the lower part of the partitions and / or doors. The size of the openings is sufficient for unhindered passage of RTOs on a given route. The openings are performed using any device for cutting metal and fill out with a profile pipe. The number and location of technological openings depends on the design of the simulator - the type, quantity and relative position of the sections.

The elements of the claimed simulator are ramps 2 (Fig. 2, Fig. 4, Fig. 5) for moving RTOs through obstacles located at an altitude higher than possible for the passage of RTOs, made between sections (at thresholds) and / or at the inputs / outputs of extended sections. The size of the ramp is sufficient for unhindered passage of RTOs on a given route. The design of the ramp depends on the type of barrier - the threshold, section. If the section is horizontal and has a circular cross section - a pipe, the ramps at the inlet / outlet of the section are connected by a horizontal part 4 located inside the pipe section, for the convenience of moving the RTO along the bottom of the pipe.

Ramps are attached to sections or thresholds of the exercise machine by means of bolt and / or rivet connections.

The following are examples of specific practical implementation of some of the possible designs of the element of the claimed simulator - the ramp.

Example 1. The ramp through the threshold between sections (Fig. 4).

If the threshold between the sections has a height inaccessible for passing the mobile robotic complex, a ramp 2 is made on both sides of the threshold, the size of which should be sufficient for the passage of the RTOs.

The ramp has the following design:

- a width sufficient for the passage of RTOs;

- the angle of the ramp depends on the size of the RTOs. For example, when passing the MRC of the applicant with a size of no more than 550 × 550 × 550 mm (Fig. 6), the angle of inclination is 30 °, because Applicant has experimentally established that it is precisely this angle that the RTO allows in FIG. 6 to freely overcome the inclined platform (ramp);

- the ramp 2 is a metal, for example, aluminum, bent in the middle line of the sheet, located obliquely on both sides of the threshold, the working surface of the sheet has a corrugation.

The ramp 2 is attached to the threshold of the simulator using rivet joints.

In the event that the threshold between sections located at the same horizontal level has a height available for passing MRK, the ramp between sections is not mounted.

Example 2. The ramp through an extended horizontal obstacle of circular cross section - a pipe located above the floor of the simulator (Fig. 5 (a, b)).

If the simulator has an extended horizontal obstacle of circular cross section located at a height inaccessible to the mobile robotic complex, for example, the obstacle "Pipe" 4 (Fig. 5a) for crawling along the route, mount a ramp in which ramps 3 at the entrance / the outlet sections are connected by a horizontal part 4, located inside the section of the pipe, for the convenience of moving RTOs along the bottom of the pipe (Fig. 5a, 5b). The size of the ramp should be sufficient for the passage of MRK.

The ramp has a width sufficient to pass the MRK, and consists of:

- two ramps 3 located at the inlet and outlet of the pipe. Similarly to Example 1, the angle of inclination of the ramps depends on the size of the RTOs. So, when passing the MRC of the applicant with a size of not more than 550 × 550 × 550 mm (Fig. 6), the angle of inclination (as in Example 1) is 30 °, because Applicant has experimentally established that it is precisely this angle that the RTO allows in FIG. 6 to freely overcome the inclined platform. Ramps 3 are welded steel frames and metal sheets, for example, aluminum, mounted on top of them using riveted joints. The working surface of the sheets is corrugated.

- the horizontal part 4, laid along the bottom of the pipe from the entrance to the pipe to exit it. The horizontal part 4 is a welded steel frame and laminated plywood flooring mounted on top with a screw connection.

The steel frames of the ramps 3 and the horizontal part 4 are a single welded structure. Frames are attached to the Pipe section using bolted connections.

A general view of the ramp through the Pipe obstruction is shown in FIG. 5 B.

The implementation of the claimed technical solution is not limited to those shown in FIG. 2 - FIG. 5 examples of the location of technological openings and ramps. The number and location of technological openings and ramps for passing MRKs depends on the number of levels of the simulator and the configuration of its sections, and the design of the ramp (its width, length, angle of inclination) depends on the size of the MRK and the size of the obstacle (section and / or threshold).

The following is a description of the use of the claimed simulator for training firefighters and rescuers using RTOs.

A mobile robotic complex (RTO) is placed in a cell at the entrance to the simulator that does not have an external partition, after which the trainee, who is an operator at this stage of training, includes an RTO control panel.

MRK goes along the route specified from the operator’s console, through sections, technological openings, ramps. The route is chosen in the most optimal way, based on the largest viewing angle of the MPK Action-camera of all sections of the maze. In the direction of travel from the sensors and the action camera of an MRK, the operator’s console receives information about the location of the MRK, technological information about the environment (temperature, smoke), as well as video information about the location of mannequins, blockages, etc.

After passing the one-way route, depending on the task, the RTO either moves in the opposite direction to the entrance, or ends the route at the exit - in a section that does not have an external partition.

At each level of the labyrinth there is its own route of movement of RTOs, as RTOs are not able to independently move between levels. To move along the second level, RTOs are placed in a cell at the entrance of this level. Next, the RTO passes the route according to the algorithm described above.

After completing the route with a mobile robotic complex, the trainee enters the simulator (fireman, rescuer) and goes the route depending on the data received by him with the help of RTOs, for example - he moves along the shortened route to the mannequin discovered by the RTOs and / or blockage, which in real conditions will allow to accelerate rescue the victims and reduce the risk of the rescuer.

From the above it can be concluded that the applicant has achieved the set goals and the claimed technical result, namely, the design of the simulator for training firefighters and rescuers has been improved by performing technological openings in the walls and / or doors of the labyrinth and installing ramps in places of obstacles (sections, thresholds) inaccessible in height for passing MRK. At the same time, it is possible to acquire and consolidate the skills of firefighters and rescuers when working with an operator-controlled RTO.

The claimed utility model allows you to speed up the search for victims and reduce the risk for rescuers.

If necessary, the claimed utility model can be used for training firefighters and rescuers in the usual mode, without using RTOs, which does not discredit the stated goals and technical result.

Thus, to achieve the goals and the claimed technical result in the simulator, made in the form of a frame structure on the basis of vertical posts and horizontal jumpers from a profile pipe having partitions and doors in the form of gratings forming a maze, in the lower part of partitions and / or doors are made technological openings of a given size, sufficient for the passage of RTOs and allowing the mobile robotic complex controlled by the operator to go along a given route to perform p zvedki before performing practical tasks of search and evacuation of the injured. In places of obstructions (sections and / or thresholds) of the simulator, inaccessible in height for passing MRK, ramps are installed. The operator’s function is most often performed by the trainee (fireman, rescuer).

The claimed technical solution meets the criterion of "novelty" presented to utility models, since the applicant has not identified technical solutions from the investigated prior art that have the claimed combination of essential features.

The claimed technical solution meets the criterion of "industrial applicability", presented to utility models, as it can be manufactured on standard equipment using well-known materials and parts.

Claims (2)

1. A simulator for training firefighters and rescuers, made in the form of a frame structure based on vertical struts and horizontal jumpers from a profile pipe, having partitions and doors in the form of gratings forming a maze, characterized in that the sections of the maze and the thresholds between the sections have a height inaccessible for passage of a mobile robotic complex, at the inputs / outputs of sections and thresholds inaccessible in height for passing a mobile robotic complex, ramps sufficient in size for passage of a mobile robotic complex, at the bottom of the partitions and doors technological openings of a given size are made, sufficient for the smooth passage of a mobile robotic complex. 2. The simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that in extended horizontal sections with a circular cross section - a pipe, the ramps located at the input / output of the section are connected by the middle horizontal part.

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