RU2804069C1 - Method for treating mastitis in cows - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention a method for treating mastitis in lactating cows, which involves applying a complex ointment, including fir, ichthyol ointment, camphor oil and petroleum jelly, in the following ratio, wt.%: fir - 25, 10.0% ichthyol ointment - 25, 10.0% camphor oil - 25, petroleum jelly - 25, applied externally by rubbing, daily into the affected quarter of the mammary gland at a dose of 3.0 grams for 2-3 minutes for 5 days in a row.

EFFECT: invention provides a reduction in treatment time and an increase in the effectiveness of the method of treating cows with subclinical mastitis.

1 cl, 5 tbl, 2 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of veterinary medicine, in particular to veterinary obstetrics, and can be used to treat mastitis in cows during lactation and dry periods.

Data from domestic literature indicate that mastitis is a polyetiological disease. The causes of mastitis are diverse and have a complex effect. Therefore, both therapy and prevention of mastitis must be comprehensive. Many drugs have been proposed for the treatment of mastitis in cows, among which antibiotics, sulfonamides, nitrofurans and their combinations are the most widely used. In the treatment of mastitis, antibiotics such as penicillin, streptomycin, erythromycin, neomycin, monomycin, ecmonovocillin, bicillin-3 and bicillin-5 and others were mainly used, as well as their complex compounds: mastizan - A, B, E, masticide, aerodite, mastaerosol , mastalon, septomast, erimast, eroximast dienomast, lindomast, etc. According to many authors, the use of antibiotics for mastitis, along with the therapeutic effect, they inhibit the natural resistance of the body, cause irritation of the epithelium of the milk ducts and alveoli with subsequent hypo- and agalactia, the formation of resistant strains, pathogenic microorganisms, the appearance of mastitis of fungal etiology, have a toxic effect on the fetus, reduce the quality of milk and the production of dairy products from it, and cause cases of allergies and anaphylaxis in humans. Almost all antibiotics have an immunosuppressive effect [Bagmanov M.A. Pathology of the mammary gland in domestic animals: textbook / M.A. Bagmanov. - Kazan: KGAVM, 2011. - 229 p., Ivashura A.I. Improvement of diagnostic and therapeutic drugs to combat cow mastitis / A.I. Ivashura, A.V. Heirs // Scientific works. - Stavropol, 1998. - P. 69-71, Kartashova V.M. Mastitis of cows: monograph / V.M. Kartashova, A.I. Ivashura. - Moscow: Agropromizdat, 1988. - 256 p. 12]. A serious disadvantage of antibiotic therapy for mastitis is the mandatory rejection of milk from the treated udder lobes, because antibiotics are secreted for a long time with the secretion of the treated lobes and can end up in the general milk yield, causing dysbacteriosis and allergic reactions in milk consumers [Ivashura A.I. Improvement of diagnostic and therapeutic drugs to combat cow mastitis / A.I. Ivashura, A.V. Heirs // Scientific works. - Stavropol, 1998. - P. 69-71]. Logvinov D.D. et al. [Logvinov D.D. Physiology and pathology of the udder in cows: monograph / D.D. Logvinov, T.A. Chumakova. – Kyiv: Harvest, 1971. - 124 p.], established that intracisternal administration of antimastitis drugs is not only irrational, but also dangerous. With this method of administering anti-mastitis drugs, irritation of the mammary gland tissue is noted, and sometimes the development of fungi in the treated lobes of the udder is stimulated. There are various ways to use anti-mastitis drugs.

The transdermal method of using antimastitis drugs is promising. Preparations have been developed for the treatment of mastitis by application to the skin of the affected lobe of the udder, such as iodine-bismuth containing preparation (PIVS), Vivaton, Percutan, Ubercid, Urbesan, Urbesan-M, camphor, ichthyol, salicylic, iodine and other ointments [Deryabin A. N. The use of Vivaton for mastitis / A.N. Deryabin, B.V. Unta // Veterinary medicine. - 1991. - No. 1. - P. 50-52.57, Kiseleva E.V. Alternative means of treating mastitis in cows / E.V. Kiseleva, I.A. Sorokina // Internet portal. - Access mode: http://www.vestvet.ru, Popov Yu.G. Therapy of latent and clinical mastitis in cows / Yu.G. Popov, N.A. Dvovosekov // Sat. scientific tr. – Krasnodar, 2001.- P. 106-108, Sivozhelezova N.A. New drug for the treatment of mastitis / H.A. Sivozhelezova, G.N. Strebulaev // Current problems of veterinary medicine: Mat. international conf. Barnaul. - 1995. - P. 18275]. The disadvantages of the drugs are contraindications: frequent use leads to keratinization of the skin of the mammary gland and can cause rejection of the surface layers of the epidermis, which leads to the development of inflammation of the udder skin, as well as low antimicrobial effectiveness, the presence of strong specific odors that penetrate milk and meat.

The composition of anti-inflammatory ointment for external use “Pihtoin” is known, including pine resin 19.0-21.0%, beeswax 16.8-17.5%, chalk 10.5-12.0%, fat base the rest [Patent RU 2097056 , publ. 1997.11.27].

There is a known method of treating subclinical mastitis in cows using external application of a gel-like preparation containing dimexide 2-5 wt. %, xanthan gum 1-3 wt. %, zinc chelate compound 8-9 wt. %, vanilla essential oil 0.2-0.4 wt. %, Vaseline 5-15 wt. % and solvent - deionized water - the rest [RF patent No. 2713927, A61K 31/10, 2019].

A known drug for the treatment of inflammatory processes in domestic and farm animals, including components in the following ratio, wt. %: refined oil 20-25, lanolin 20-25, resorcinol 3-5, petroleum jelly 30-35, paraffin - the rest, to give consistency as a filler. Locally, the drug is used in the form of an ointment as an anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and distracting substance for mastitis [RF patent No. 2290951, A61K 47/44, 2005].

The disadvantage of the drug is its contraindications: frequent use leads to keratinization of the skin of the mammary gland. Paraffin, which is part of the drug, is not absorbed by the skin and delays the absorption of drugs.

The closest is the technical solution, which includes the external use of camphor ointment 10.0% in the form of rubbing, applying it in an even thin layer to the area of the skin in the area of the inflammatory process and rubbing it in with a light massaging motion for 2-3 minutes 1-2 times a day, within 10-12 days, [instructions for use, reg. No. PVR-2-1.9/00158 dated 05/02/07 - Valid].https://www.vidal.ru/veterinar/unguentum-camphoratum-10-27993

The disadvantage of the known method of treating mastitis is that long-term use of the drug during the course of treatment, weak stimulation of the body's defenses does not provide high therapeutic effectiveness for mastitis in cows and should not be used in dairy cattle, because milk and meat have a camphor smell, as a result their value as food is lost.

The goal is to increase the effectiveness of the method of treating cows with mastitis.

The technical result is to reduce the treatment time for cows with mastitis.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method of treating mastitis in lactating cows, including the external use of a complex ointment consisting of fir, ichthyol ointment, camphor oil and filler, 5 times daily in the form of rubbing, according to the invention, the complex ointment is rubbed into the diseased quarter of the mammary gland in a dose 3.0 grams for 2-3 minutes, while using a complex ointment, which includes components in the following ratio, wt.%:

fir - 25,

10.0% ichthyol ointment - 25,

10.0% camphor oil – 25,

Vaseline – 25.

The components included in the ointment are characterized by the following properties:

Fir has a pronounced analgesic, decongestant, antiseptic, and anti-inflammatory effect. Has antimicrobial, antifungal effect. Improves the elasticity of the dermis, activates metabolic processes within cellular structures, accelerates regeneration processes in tissues, and promotes rapid healing of wounds. Livestock products during and after the use of Pikhtoin can be used for food without restrictions [Description of the veterinary medicinal product PICHTOIN® Based on the officially approved instructions for use of the drug PICHTOIN® for specialists and approved by the manufacturer for the electronic edition of the Vidal Veterinary reference book 2019, Date of update: 2018.09.27].

Ichthyol ointment is an anti-inflammatory agent that has an antimicrobial (bactericidal against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes ) keratoplasty effect. It also has a local irritant, anesthetic and keratoplastic effect. Products of animal origin obtained from animals treated with Ichthyol Ointment 10.0% and 20.0% in accordance with the instructions are used without restrictions [The description of the drug ICHTHYOL OINTMENT is based on the officially approved instructions for use and approved by the manufacturer. ICHTHYOL OINTMENT - description and instructions provided by the Vidal reference book of medicines].

Camphor oil 10.0% exhibits effective analgesic, antiseptic, anti-inflammatory and local irritant effects. The drug is characterized by a bacteriostatic effect against streptococci, pneumococci, tetracocci, and staphylococci. When applied to the skin, a brief feeling of cold occurs - this occurs as a result of irritation of special receptors. After some time, the feeling of cold is replaced by a feeling of warmth. When applied, the drug acts locally, causing hyperemia of the skin - this reduces the sensitivity of nerve endings and reduces pain. The oil penetrates well through the skin and mucous membranes. According to the instructions, it is not recommended to use the drug before slaughter for meat, as well as for females during lactation, since livestock products acquire a pronounced smell of camphor, in this case the drug is used in small quantities - the smell is not felt [Instructions for use of Camphor oil 10.0% for treatment of diseases of the musculoskeletal system in animals and subclinical mastitis in cows during the dry period (Developer organization: JSC NPP Farmaks, Kirov)].

Veterinary petroleum jelly can be used in combination with any medications in the manufacture of creams and ointments. There are no contraindications, side effects or complications when using veterinary petroleum jelly. Veterinary petroleum jelly is used to lubricate the udders of animals after milking in order to prevent the formation of cracks [GOST 13037-84].

The novelty of the proposed method of treating subclinical mastitis is due to the fact that by stimulating the body's defenses and using a complex ointment, the components of which in optimal quantities ensure a reduction in treatment time and its use during lactation in cows, because at this ratio the specific smell of camphor disappears.

The method of treating mastitis is carried out as follows.

Pre-prepare a complex ointment. To prepare 100.0 g of ointment, the components are taken in the following ratio, wt.%:

fir - 25,

10.0% ichthyol ointment - 25,

10.0% camphor oil – 25,

Vaseline - 25.

After removing the secretion from the affected lobe of the udder, apply a thin layer of complex pine-ichthyol-camphor ointment externally in the form of rubbing in a dose of 3.0 g every 24 hours for 5 days.

The essence of the technical solution is illustrated with examples.

Example 1. To determine the optimal therapeutic dose of complex pychtoin-ichthyol-camphor ointment and the frequency of use, 30 lactating cows with subclinical mastitis were selected. Of these, 3 groups were formed according to the principle of analogue pairs, each numbering 10 animals.

The groups included cows of the same age, productivity, and lactation period. Animals in the experimental groups received ointment externally in the form of rubbing on the affected portion of the udder in the following doses: the first group - 2.0 g, the second - 3.0 g, the third - 5.0 g until recovery. Before applying the drug, mechanical cleaning of the skin of the mammary gland of cows was carried out.

During the experiment, the state of the udder lobes and the nature of the secretion were taken into account. The results of treatment were taken into account by testing the reaction of milk from the treated lobes with KerbaTest on the 10th day after application of the drug. The results obtained are summarized in Table 1, from which it follows that the best therapeutic effect was obtained after external application in the form of rubbing ointment at a dose of 3.0 g.

Table 1 - Effect of the drug dose on its therapeutic effectiveness for subclinical mastitis in cows

Groups
cows Dose
drug Subverted
treatment Cured cows shares cows shares quantity % quantity % First 2.0 10 10 5 50 5 50 Second 3.0 10 13 7 70 9 69.2 Third 5.0 10 13 7 70 9 69.2

Reducing the dose of applied ointment to 2.0 g led to a 20.0% decrease in the number of recovered animals and a 19.2% decrease in the number of cured lobes. Increasing the dose of ointment to 5.0 g did not lead to an increase in the number of cured animals and affected lobes.

Table 2 - Duration of treatment for cows when using the drug at a dose of 3.0 g

Group of cows Days of treatment 1 day, cured Day 3, cured Day 5, cured cows shares cows shares cows shares cows shares quantity % quantity % quantity % quantity % quantity % quantity % 10 13 - - - - 2 20.0 2 15.4 8 80.0 eleven 84.6

Recovery of the cows occurred with daily five-time external application in the form of rubbing complex ointment.

Example 2. Having determined the optimal therapeutic dose of complex pychtoin-ichthyol-camphor ointment and the frequency of use, in the next experiment we studied the effect of the ointment on tissue of a healthy and affected breast with subclinical mastitis when using the ointment at a dose of 3.0 g.

For the experiment, 6 healthy and 6 cows with subclinical mastitis were selected with lesions in one lobe of the mammary gland. The tested dose of ointment, in compliance with the rules of asepsis, was applied externally in the form of rubbing five times on healthy (I experimental group) and affected (II experimental group) udder lobes with subclinical mastitis. The control was symmetrical healthy lobes of the udder, to which the ointment was not applied. The effect of the complex ointment on breast tissue was judged by the presence (absence) of a local inflammatory reaction, changes in the organoleptic properties of the secretion, changes in the content of somatic cells in the secretion, which was determined using the Prescott-Breed method in the following periods: before administration and after 24, 48, 72 , 96 and 240 hours after applying the ointment. The digital material obtained during the experiment is summarized in Table 3.

Table 3. - Dynamics of somatic cells in the milk of healthy and sick cows after transdermal application of ointment

State
shares
udder Quantity
shares Somatic cell content (million/ml) before applying the ointment After applying the ointment, an hour later 24 48 72 96 240 healthy
(I experimental group) 6 0.292±
0.076 ^* 0.263±
0.094 0.208±
0.081 0.172±
0.057 0.136±
0.058 0.106±
0.057 ^* Affected by subclinical mastitis
(II experimental group) 6 1.590±
0.088 ^** 1.317±
0.078 0.735±
0.095 0.304±
0.092 0.285±
0.085 0.245±
0.019** healthy
(control) 12 0.247±
0.083 ^* 0.230±
0.044 0.182±
0.084 0.300±
0.064 0.286±
0.028 0.184±
0.047 ^*

^* p>0.05;

^** p < 0.001.

Counting the number of somatic cells in 1.0 ml of secretion before applying the ointment showed that in the secretion of healthy lobes of the udder, the average cell content did not exceed 300 thousand/ml and was 6 times lower than in the secretion of lobes affected by subclinical mastitis (p <0.001) . Such a significant increase in the content of cells in the secretion of animals of the second experimental group indicates the presence of a pathological process in the mammary gland tissues.

Transdermal use of the tested ointment in no case caused a local inflammatory reaction or changes in the organoleptic properties of the secretion. Throughout the experiment, the number of somatic cells in the secretion of healthy experimental and control lobes of the udder remained within the normal range (p>0.05), although their absolute content decreased relative to the initial level. Transdermal application of the ointment to the udder lobes affected by subclinical mastitis (II experimental group) led to a fivefold decrease in the number of somatic cells in the secretion in the first three days. In subsequent days, the content of somatic cells in the secretion stabilized and did not differ from that of healthy udder lobes (p <0.001).

Example 3. To study the comparative therapeutic effectiveness of the claimed method of treating cows with mastitis, two groups of 10 animals each were formed according to the principle of analogue pairs. The groups included cows of the same age, productivity, lactation period and the same number of affected udder lobes.

Camphor ointment 10.0% was chosen as the base drug, which is used in veterinary practice to treat cows with this pathology during the dry period. Cows of the first group with mastitis were treated with camphor ointment 10.0%, which was rubbed in with a light massaging motion for 2-3 minutes. Treatment was carried out 2 times a day for 10 days.

Animals of the second group, patients with subclinical mastitis, were treated by applying externally in the form of rubbing ointment onto the affected lobes at a dose of 3.0 g for 5 days.

The results of treatment were taken into account 5.7-10.12 days after the last application of the ointment by setting up a reaction with KerbaTest . To set up the reaction with KerbaTest , the first three streams were milked into a separate container, and then 2.0 ml of milk from each lobe of the mammary gland was milked into the corresponding wells of the scapula and 2.0 ml of the prepared KerbaTest solution was added using an automatic pipette.

The mixture in the wells of the paddle was thoroughly mixed with rotational movements for 10-15 seconds, then the reaction results were taken into account. The reaction was taken into account by the degree of formation of a jelly-like clot, which is the main criterion for assessing the reaction, as well as by an additional feature - a change in the color of the mixture. The reaction was read for 10 seconds. A reaction was considered positive when a non-disappearing clot formed in the well and the reaction mixture had a color from gray or bluish to violet. The data obtained during the study are summarized in Table 4.

Table 4. - Therapeutic effectiveness of complex fir-ichthyol-camphor ointment for cow mastitis

A drug
(group of animals) Multiplicity
introduction Subverted
treatment Recovered cows shares cows shares quantity % quantity % Complex ointment
(experienced) 5 10 15 7 70.0 eleven 73.3 Camphor ointment 10.0%
(control) 10 10 16 5 50.0 9 56.3

Five-fold transdermal use of complex fir-ichthyol-camphor ointment made it possible to cure 20.0% more cows and 17.0% more udder lobes affected by subclinical mastitis compared to the basic drug, shorten the course of treatment and significantly reduce labor costs.

Example 4. When studying the effect of medicinal ointment on the indicators of natural resistance of the mammary gland and microbial contamination of its skin in lactating cows with mastitis, a study was carried out; cows of the first group (10 heads, 14 affected lobes) were treated with camphor ointment 10.0% and the second group (10 heads, 14 affected lobes), which were treated with complex ointment.

In all animals, secretion samples were taken from the affected lobes in compliance with the rules of asepsis and antisepsis before applying ointments and on the tenth day after rubbing. The determination of the bactericidal activity of the skin was carried out by inoculating fingerprints from the surface of the skin and then calculating the bactericidal index according to the formula; bacteriological inoculations were carried out from the skin of the udder of cows.

After external application in the form of rubbing camphor ointment in the secretion of the mammary gland on the tenth day, in all cows of the first group, the number of somatic cells decreased by 17 times, while the bactericidal index increased by 1.3 times, and bacterial contamination decreased by 1.7 times. In cows treated with complex fir-ichthyol-camphor ointment, the number of somatic cells decreased by almost 37 times, while the bactericidal index increased by 1.6 times, and bacterial contamination decreased by 2.8 times.

Thus, the development of the inflammatory process occurs against the background of a decrease in the bactericidal activity of the skin and an increase in its bacterial contamination of the affected lobes of the mammary gland. At the same time, indicators of skin bactericidal activity and its bacterial contamination are closely related to the number of somatic cells. When applied externally as a rubbing complex ointment, the number of somatic cells decreased by 2 times, the bactericidal index increased by 0.3, and bacterial contamination decreased by 1.6 times (Table 5).

Table 5 - Indicators of bactericidal activity and contamination of the skin of the udder of cows with subclinical mastitis before and after treatment

Indicators Patients with subclinical mastitis before treatment Patients with subclinical mastitis after treatment Affected lobes (1) Affected lobes (2) Affected lobes (1) Affected lobes (2) Number of somatic cells, thousand/ml 6585.0±133.5 7285±128.5 389±133.2 199.3±121.4 Bactericidal index, % 54.5±5.3 55.2±4.2 73.5±5.5 89.3±1.8 Contamination, thousand, CFU 985.0±150.0 960±151.0 580.5±159.6 340.0 ±138.9

Thus, the claimed method of treating cows with subclinical mastitis provides a reduction in treatment time, does not have an irritating effect on mammary gland tissue, allows obtaining environmentally friendly products, improves the sanitary quality of milk, reduces the drug load on the mammary gland during transdermal use and prevents cases of dysbiosis and recurrence of the pathological process and the use of complex fir-ichthyol-camphor during lactation in cows.

Claims (6)

A method for treating mastitis in lactating cows, involving the application of a complex ointment, including firtoin, ichthyol ointment, camphor oil and petroleum jelly, in the following ratio, wt.%: firtoin – 25, 10.0% ichthyol ointment – 25, 10.0% camphor oil – 25, Vaseline – 25, in this case, it is used externally in the form of rubbing, daily into the diseased quarter of the mammary gland at a dose of 3.0 grams for 2-3 minutes for 5 days in a row.