RU2803365C2 - Boiler - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heat exchange equipment.

SUBSTANCE: water tube boiler, containing: a combustion chamber, longitudinally elongated in the axial direction, and oriented horizontally or at an acute angle to the horizontal plane, at least two heat exchange tube headers, heat exchange tubes at least partially located along the longitudinal axis of said combustion chamber, and at least a part of these pipes is partially helically finned with a steel tape, collectors of screen pipes: upper and lower, screen pipes grouped into at least two batteries: upper one, in which the screen pipes are interconnected through collectors, and the lower one, in which the screen pipes are interconnected by means of collectors, while at least part of the gaps between adjacent screen pipes of each battery are at least partially closed with steel plates, the gas ducts are at least partially located on the left and to the right of said combustion chamber, in such a way that at least a part of said heat exchange tubes are at least partially located between a vertical plane passing through the central longitudinal axis of said combustion chamber and a gas duct space in which: said heat exchange tubes are grouped, at least one battery, while their ends are connected with the mentioned collectors of heat exchange pipes, the said collectors of heat exchange and screen pipes are made in such a way as to ensure the movement of the coolant in essentially all heat exchange and screen pipes exposed to heat.

EFFECT: reducing the dimensions of the boiler while maintaining high efficiency.

25 cl, 73 dwg

Description

A known boiler contains: a combustion part, a convective part and collectors for coolant; said convective part contains at least one block of at least two batteries consisting of similar, at least partially finned steel coils, said coils containing distal and proximal ends connected to said collectors, and also, according to at least two U-shaped elbows, with adjacent U-shaped elbows connected to each other by smooth pipes; the coils in said batteries are arranged in rows parallel to each other in such a way that in the first of said at least two oppositely arranged batteries, said smooth pipes are located on one side of said convective part, and the bends of the U-shaped bends are closer to the opposite side of said convective part part, and in the second of the said at least two oppositely located batteries, the mentioned smooth pipes are located on that side of the said convective part, near which the bends of the U-shaped bends of the first of the mentioned batteries are located, and the bends of the U-shaped bends of the second battery are located closer to that side of the said convective part on which the smooth pipes of the said first battery are located, while the U-shaped bends of the coils of the said first battery are placed in mutually parallel planes with an offset relative to the U-shaped bends of the coils of the said second battery in such a way that the mentioned U-shaped the elbows of said first battery are staggered relative to the U-shaped elbows of said second battery; longitudinal slots between said smooth pipes of adjacent coils of each of said at least two batteries are closed with membranes; the transverse slots between the distal and proximal ends of the U-shaped elbows are closed with covers (RF patent for invention No. 2771558).

In the manufacture of a known boiler (especially with a rated power of less than 20 mW and a coolant temperature of up to 115°C), a number of shortcomings appear that significantly worsen the technical and economic indicators, in particular, large dimensions, high cost and labor intensity in manufacturing, high requirements for the quality of the coolant (because to replace a clogged pipe, you need to dismantle large components, look for the defective area, cut out, weld and install large components back).

When constructing boiler houses up to 100 MW, simpler horizontal boilers are usually chosen. The known boiler is characterized by a large length per unit of power, and with a horizontal design, boilers with a power of up to 25 mW have a large length, since the convective part is located behind the combustion part. In this regard, the known boiler in this power range is difficult to fit into boiler rooms that are limited in width.

The combustion part of the known boiler consists of screen pipes and, as a result, has a large overall length of welds.

Snakes of finned pipes in the convective part of the known boiler are assembled from short elements, no more than 3.5 m long, which must be connected to each other by welding. Welds, in turn, must be checked using various control methods (X-ray, ultrasound) and each snake must be subjected to separate hydraulic tests. This greatly increases the labor intensity of boiler manufacturing and reduces its reliability (since each weld usually has less strength and durability due to the thermal effect on the metal).

The snakes from the heat exchange pipes of the known boiler in the convective part are located very tightly and have a lot of weight; In this regard, it is impossible to quickly repair the boiler if necessary, because Almost any breakdown requires the dismantling of large components and the use of lifting equipment.

To increase the overhaul interval in a known boiler, it is necessary to use a high-quality coolant or carry out frequent cleaning of salt deposits in the heat exchange pipes.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The objective of the invention is to create a boiler that would be less susceptible (or not at all susceptible) to the disadvantages of the above-mentioned analogue.

The technical result consists in reducing the dimensions of the boiler while maintaining high efficiency due to the location of the convective part of a certain design on both sides of the boiler and increasing the maintainability of the boiler, due to the fact that a qualified specialist can reach all elements of the boiler from the outside and inside of the combustion chamber, cut out and replace the defective one heat exchange pipe without additional dismantling of large boiler components and the use of lifting equipment.

The above problem is solved due to the fact that the proposed water tube boiler contains:

a combustion chamber longitudinally elongated in the axial direction and oriented horizontally or at an acute angle to the horizontal plane,

at least two heat exchange pipe manifolds,

heat exchange tubes at least partially located along the longitudinal axis of said combustion chamber, at least a portion of these tubes being at least partially helically finned with steel strip,

screen pipe collectors (6): upper (11, 13) and lower (5, 7),

screen pipes (6), grouped into at least two batteries: the upper one, in which the screen pipes (6) are interconnected by means of collectors (11, 13), and the lower one, in which the screen pipes (6) are interconnected by means of collectors (5, 7), while at least part of the gaps between adjacent screen pipes (6) of each battery are at least partially covered with steel plates,

flue ducts at least partially located to the left and right of said combustion chamber, such that at least a portion of said heat exchange pipes are at least partially located between a vertical plane passing through the central longitudinal axis of said combustion chamber and the space flues (20),

in which:

said heat exchange pipes are grouped into at least one battery, with their ends communicating with said heat exchange pipe manifolds,

the mentioned heat exchange and screen pipe manifolds are designed in such a way as to ensure the movement of coolant in essentially all heat exchange and screen pipes exposed to heat.

As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, the key features of the proposed boiler are as follows:

1) the convective part is mainly located on both sides of the boiler, which also receives heat from the radiation radiation of the burner;

2) the convective part of the heat exchange pipes is mostly located directly in the combustion part of the boiler;

3) the proposed boiler consists of at least one battery formed from smooth or partially finned heat exchange pipes 9 and 23, their parts located along the boundaries of the combustion chamber 18 from the front, rear and two sides of the boiler, where these heat exchange pipes are the main part located along the length of the boiler and at least the pipes of one battery are connected at their ends into collectors oriented along the height of the boiler;

4) below and above the firebox are the “base” and “ceiling” parts of the boiler, formed from screen pipes b; at least part of the spaces between them are partially or completely closed with steel plates (membranes); in this case, the pipes 6 from both ends are connected to the collectors 7 and 5 in the “base” and in the “ceiling part” 11 and 13; This design makes it possible to manufacture the “base” and “ceiling” parts separately and use them in finished form as an assembly unit during the final assembly of the boiler;

5) the collectors of the heat exchange and screen pipes are designed in such a way as to ensure the movement of the coolant in essentially all heat exchange and screen pipes exposed to heat with the ability to regulate the flow rate of the coolant due to the possibility of installing partitions in the corresponding collectors;

6) flue ducts at least partially located to the left and right of said combustion chamber, such that at least a portion of said heat exchange pipes are at least partially located between a vertical plane passing through the central longitudinal axis of said combustion chamber and space of gas ducts 20, thanks to the presence of gas ducts on both sides of the combustion chamber, it was possible to place the convective part also on both sides of the combustion chamber;

7) on at least one of the above-mentioned heat exchange pipes having a finned part, at least partially located in the space of the gas duct, there is at least one shaped plate 19 to optimize heat transfer by controlling the release of burnt gases through the finned part of the above-mentioned heat exchange pipes pipes The ability to install shaped plates on various heat exchange pipes of the convective part of the boiler in the required quantity allows you to regulate the output of gases through the heat exchange pipes, which makes it possible to manufacture boilers of various powers and sizes with maximum efficiency and also to use burners from different manufacturers with different pressure indicators of the gas-air mixture.

Thanks to the location of the convective part of the heat exchange pipes on both sides of the boiler, and not just at the back (as in the prototype), it becomes possible to use heat exchange pipes with a length almost equal to the length of the boiler itself (this is much longer than in the prototype) and with fewer rows than in the prototype , What allow; significantly reduce the dimensions of the boiler along the length, reduce manufacturing costs due to a smaller number of heat exchange pipes and welding during their manufacture and installation on the boiler, simplify repairs if necessary due to the ability to reach the heat exchange pipes through gas ducts located on both sides of the boiler.

It became possible to locate the convective part on both sides of the boiler thanks to the presence of gas ducts located on both sides of the boiler and shaped plates located on the finned part of the heat exchange pipes; thanks to the shaped plates, it became possible to uniformly release burnt gases along the entire length of the heat exchange pipes with maximum heat transfer and the possibility of their further removal through the above mentioned flues.

The length of the main elements of the heat exchange pipes of the convective part with this design is almost equal to the length of the firebox, which is significantly longer than in the prototype, and therefore significantly fewer welding seams during the manufacture of the proposed version of the boiler.

When pipes are arranged in one or two rows, all pipes and welding points are accessible for inspection and repair, which significantly improves the operational capabilities of the boiler.

In one of the preferred embodiments, the above-mentioned heat exchange pipes are U-shaped and which at one end communicate with at least one heat exchange pipe manifold located in the front part of the above-mentioned combustion chamber, and with the other end communicate with at least with one heat exchange pipe manifold located at the rear of the above-mentioned combustion chamber.

In another preferred embodiment, the above-mentioned heat exchange pipes have a U-shape and which at one end communicate with at least one heat exchange pipe manifold located in the front left part of the above-mentioned combustion chamber, and with the other end communicate with at least , with one heat exchange pipe manifold located in the front right side of the above-mentioned combustion chamber.

In another preferred embodiment, the above-mentioned heat exchange pipes have a U-shape and which at one end communicate with at least one heat exchange pipe manifold located in the rear left part of the above-mentioned combustion chamber, and with the other end communicate with at least one heat exchange pipe manifold located in the rear right side of the above-mentioned combustion chamber.

In one of the preferred embodiments, the above-mentioned heat exchange pipes have an L-shaped or rectilinear shape and which at one end communicate with at least one heat exchange pipe manifold located in the front part of the above-mentioned combustion chamber, and at the other end communicate with at least at least with one heat exchange pipe manifold located at the rear of the above-mentioned combustion chamber.

In another preferred embodiment, the above-mentioned heat exchange tubes are C-shaped and their ends communicate with at least two heat exchange tube manifolds located in the front or rear part of the combustion chamber.

In another preferred embodiment, at least two of the above-mentioned heat exchange pipes having a finned part are at least partially located in the space of the flue, and are equipped with at least one shaped plate 19 for controlling the output of combustion products.

In one of the preferred embodiments, at least one shaped plate 19 made of metal is located on the finned part of the above-mentioned heat exchange pipes, which are partially located in the space of the above-mentioned flue ducts.

In another preferred embodiment, the above-mentioned screen tubes 6 are located entirely or predominantly along the longitudinal axis of said combustion chamber or entirely or predominantly along the transverse axis of said combustion chamber.

In another preferred embodiment, the aforementioned screen pipe manifolds 6 are located in front and behind of said combustion chamber or to the right and left of said combustion chamber.

In one of the preferred embodiments, the above-mentioned heat exchange pipe manifolds are made essentially vertical or oriented at an acute angle to the vertical plane.

In another preferred embodiment, the above-mentioned heat exchange pipe manifolds are equipped with internal partitions designed in such a way as to ensure at least one change in the direction of movement of the coolant in each of the above-mentioned heat exchange pipe banks that are connected to them.

In another preferred embodiment, the above-mentioned screen pipe manifolds are arranged horizontally or at a slight angle to the horizontal plane.

In one of the preferred embodiments, the above-mentioned screen pipe collectors 6 are equipped with internal partitions designed in such a way as to ensure at least a one-time change in the direction of movement of the coolant in each of the above-mentioned banks of screen pipes 6 that are connected to them.

In another preferred form of execution, at least one shaped plate 19 made of metal is located on at least one of the above-mentioned heat exchange pipes having a finned part, at least partially located in the space of the flue, to optimize heat transfer by controlling the output of burnt materials. gases through the finned part of the above-mentioned heat exchange tubes.

In another preferred embodiment, the above-mentioned screen tube banks 6 are additionally provided with pipes 3, 14 located at the edges of the above-mentioned screen tube banks b.

In one of the preferred embodiments, the above-mentioned heat exchange tube banks have at least one front 10 and at least one rear 8 heat exchange tube headers, with the ends of the heat exchange tubes in the above-mentioned heat exchange tube banks located entirely or predominantly in the left parts of the combustion chamber communicate with at least one front 10 and at least one rear 8 heat exchange pipe collectors, and the ends of the heat exchange pipes in the above-mentioned batteries of heat exchange pipes located entirely or predominantly in the right part of the combustion chamber are communicated at least with at least one front 10 and at least one rear 8 heat exchange pipe manifolds.

In another preferred embodiment, the above-mentioned heat exchange tubes are grouped into at least four batteries, wherein two of these batteries (left) are located entirely or predominantly in the left part of the combustion chamber and form two rows 9, 23 of heat exchange tubes, and two the others (right), respectively, are located entirely or predominantly in the right part of the combustion chamber and also form two rows 9, 23 of heat exchange pipes.

The ability to use heat exchange pipes in one or two rows 9, 23 allows us to produce boilers with optimal sizes throughout the entire power range. In small boilers, one row of heat exchange pipes is sufficient, but in large boilers, two rows are preferable to reduce the size of the boiler. In another preferred embodiment, the heat exchange pipes (9) of one of the above-mentioned rows of one battery are arranged in a staggered pattern relative to the heat exchange pipes 23 of the other above-mentioned row of another battery, located on one side of the combustion chamber.

When the rows are arranged in a checkerboard pattern, the heat transfer from the burnt gases to the heat exchange pipes increases significantly due to the zigzag movement of the burnt gases in the convective part.

In one preferred embodiment, the above-mentioned heat exchange tubes of the second row 23 are smooth.

In another preferred embodiment, at least part of the above-mentioned heat exchange tubes of the second row 23 are at least partially finned.

In another preferred embodiment, the aforementioned heat exchange tubes in each row are arranged substantially parallel to each other.

In one of the preferred embodiments, the above-mentioned heat exchange pipes in each row 9, 23 are made of the same type.

In another preferred embodiment, the above-mentioned heat exchange pipes in each row 9, 23 are not of the same type.

In one of the preferred embodiments, the above-described boiler contains four batteries of the above-mentioned screen pipes 6 and eight screen pipe manifolds b; four upper ones 11, 13 and four lower ones 5, 7, while the pipes 6 of the first upper battery are connected at one end to the first upper front manifold 13, and at the other end they are connected to the first upper rear manifold 11; pipes 6 of the second upper battery are connected at one end to the second upper front manifold 13, and at the other end they are connected to the second upper rear manifold 11; pipes 6 of the first lower battery are connected at one end to the first lower front manifold 5, and at the other end they are connected to the first lower rear manifold 7; the pipes of the second lower battery are connected at one end to the second lower front manifold 5, and at the other end they are connected to the second lower rear manifold 7 (see Figs. 72 and 73). The presence of four screen pipe collectors in the upper part and four screen pipe collectors in the lower part and two batteries of screen pipes in the upper part and two batteries of screen pipes in the lower part of the boiler allows the boiler to be manufactured from two separate halves with independent water circuits. This design facilitates the manufacture of the boiler in production and greatly simplifies the installation of the boiler in the boiler room from two lighter and smaller halves of the boiler. Transportation costs to the installation site are also reduced and boiler repairs are simplified if necessary.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING FIGURES

Fig. 1 One of the particular forms of embodiment of the boiler in axonometry (the front part is in the foreground).

Fig. 2 Boiler from fig. 1, in axonometric view (back in foreground).

Fig. 3 Boiler from fig. 1, in axonometric view (the front part in the foreground), with the covers of the side flues removed.

Fig. 4 Front view of the boiler from Fig.1.

Fig. 5 Boiler from fig. 4 with the opening covers removed from the top and bottom of the burner.

Fig. 6 View of the boiler from Fig. 1 at the back.

Fig. 7 View of the boiler from Fig. 6 at the rear with the rear wall of the flue removed.

Fig. 8 View of the boiler from Fig. 1 on top.

Fig. 9 View of the boiler from Fig. 1 from below.

Fig. 10 View of the boiler from Fig. 1 on the left with flue covers removed.

Fig. 11 Section A-A (see Fig. 4).

Fig. 12 Section B-B (see Fig. 4).

Fig. 13 Section C-C (see Fig. 8).

Fig. 14 Partial section of the boiler L-L (see Fig. 6), in axonometry (the front part of the boiler in the foreground).

Fig. 15 Partial section of the L-L boiler (see Fig. 6) in axonometry (the back of the boiler in the foreground).

Fig. 16 Partial section of the boiler D-D (see Fig. 6) in axonometry (the front part of the boiler in the foreground).

Fig. 17 Partial section of the boiler E-E (see Fig. 9) in axonometry (the back of the boiler in the foreground).

Fig. 18 Boiler heat exchanger from Fig. 1 in perspective view (front of the heat exchanger in the foreground).

Fig. 19 Heat exchanger of the boiler from Fig. 18 (rear part of the heat exchanger in the foreground).

Fig. 20 View F (see Fig. 17), shaped plate 19 installed on the finned part of the pipes 9.

Fig. 21 Section of pipes 9 and shaped plate 19 from FIG. 20.

Fig. 22 Partial section of the collectors 8 and 9 of the front part of the boiler from FIG. 1 showing partitions 22.

Fig. 23 Partial section of the manifolds at the rear of the boiler from FIG. 1 showing partitions 22.

Fig. 24 Heat exchanger of another form of boiler design in axonometry (front part in the foreground); heat exchange pipes, located in two rows (9, 23), supply and return pipes are located at the rear and connected to the side pipes of the “ceiling” and “base” parts of the boiler, through connecting manifolds, two rear manifolds of heat exchange pipes, located parallel, almost close to each other to each other, and the two front collectors of heat exchange pipes form a rectangular window in front for the entire height and not the entire width of the heat exchanger.

Fig. 25 Heat exchanger from fig. 24 in axonometric view (back in foreground).

Fig. 26 Front view of the heat exchanger from FIG. 24.

Fig. 27 View of the heat exchanger from Fig. 24 on the side.

Fig. 28 Sectional view of the G-G heat exchanger (see Fig. 26).

Fig. 29 Section of the H-N heat exchanger (see Fig. 26).

Fig. 30 Sectional view of the K-K heat exchanger (see Fig. 27).

Fig. 31 Section of the heat exchanger G-G (see Fig. 26) in axonometry.

Fig. 32 Section of the H-H heat exchanger (see Fig. 26) in axonometry.

Fig. 33 Heat exchanger of another form of boiler design in axonometry (rear part in the foreground); The supply and return pipes are located at the rear and are connected to the side pipes of the “ceiling” and “base” parts of the boiler through connecting manifolds, and one heat exchange pipe manifold is located at the rear of the boiler.

Fig. 34 Rear view of the boiler heat exchanger from Fig. 33.

Fig. 35 Sectional view of the boiler heat exchanger from Fig. 33 N-N (see Fig. 34).

Fig. 36 Another form of making a boiler in axonometry (the back in the foreground); The supply and return pipes are located at the rear and are connected to the side pipes of the “ceiling” and “base” parts of the boiler through connecting manifolds.

Fig. 37 Rear view of the boiler heat exchanger from Fig. 36.

Fig. 38 Sectional view of the boiler heat exchanger from Fig. 36 M-M (see Fig. 37).

Fig. 39 Schematically shows the assembly of the boiler heat exchanger from FIG. 42.

Fig. 40 One of the boiler heat exchanger options in axonometry (front part in the foreground); The supply and return pipes are located at the rear and are connected to the side pipes of the “ceiling” and “base” parts of the boiler through connecting manifolds, and the front manifold of heat exchange pipes is made of 8 pipe sections, forming a rectangular window in front that does not cover the entire height and width of the heat exchanger.

Fig. 41 Rear view of the boiler from Fig. 40 in axonometry (back in foreground).

Fig. 42 One of the boiler heat exchanger options in axonometry (front part in the foreground); The supply and return pipes are located at the rear and are connected to the side pipes of the “ceiling” and “base” parts of the boiler through connecting manifolds, and the two front manifolds of the heat exchange pipes form a rectangular window in front for the entire height and not the entire width of the heat exchanger.

Fig. 43 One of the boiler heat exchanger options in axonometry (front part in the foreground); The supply and return pipes are located at the front and are connected to the side pipes of the “ceiling” and “base” parts of the boiler through connecting manifolds, and the front manifold of heat exchange pipes is made of 8 pipe sections, forming a rectangular window in front that does not cover the entire height and width of the heat exchanger.

Fig. 44 One of the boiler heat exchanger options in axonometry (front part in the foreground); The supply and return pipes are located at the rear and are directly (without the use of connecting manifolds) connected to the manifolds of the screen pipes, and the two front manifolds of the heat exchange pipes form a rectangular window in front across the entire width and height of the heat exchanger.

Fig. 45 Rear view of the boiler from Fig. 44 in axonometric view (back in foreground); The rear heat exchange pipe manifold is a single piece of pipe.

Fig. 46 One of the boiler heat exchanger options in axonometry (front part in the foreground); The supply and return pipes are located at the rear and are directly (without the use of connecting manifolds) connected to the manifolds of the screen pipes, and the two front manifolds of the heat exchange pipes form a rectangular window at the front across the entire width and height of the heat exchanger.

Fig. 47 Rear view of the boiler from Fig. 46 in axonometric view (back in foreground); The rear manifold of heat exchange pipes consists of two pipe sections located parallel, almost close to each other.

Fig. 48 One of the boiler heat exchanger options in axonometry (front part in the foreground); The supply and return pipes are located at the rear left and right and are directly (without connecting manifolds) connected to the side pipes of the “ceiling” and “base” parts of the boiler, and the two front manifolds of the heat exchange pipes form a rectangular window at the front across the entire width and height of the heat exchanger.

Fig. 49 Rear view of the boiler from Fig. 48 in axonometry (back in foreground); it can be seen that the rear manifold is missing, and the heat exchange pipes are U-shaped.

Fig. 50 One of the boiler heat exchanger options in axonometry (front part in the foreground); The supply and return pipes are located at the rear left and are directly (without connecting manifolds) connected to the side pipes of the “ceiling” and “base” parts of the boiler, and the two front manifolds of the heat exchange pipes form a rectangular window in front across the entire width and height of the heat exchanger.

Fig. 51 Rear view of the boiler from Fig. 48 in axonometry (back in foreground); it can be seen that the rear manifold is missing, and the heat exchange pipes are U-shaped.

Fig. 52 One of the boiler heat exchanger options in axonometry (front part in the foreground); The supply and return pipes are located on the front left and right and are directly (without connecting manifolds) connected to the side pipes of the “ceiling” and “base” parts of the boiler, and the two front manifolds of the heat exchange pipes form a rectangular window at the front across the entire width and height of the heat exchanger.

Fig. 53 Rear view of the boiler from Fig. 52 in axonometric view (back in foreground); it can be seen that the rear manifold is missing, and the heat exchange pipes are U-shaped.

Fig. 54 One of the boiler heat exchanger options in axonometry (front part in the foreground); The supply and return pipes are located on the front left and are directly (without connecting manifolds) connected to the side pipes of the “ceiling” and “base” parts of the boiler, and the two front manifolds of the heat exchange pipes form a rectangular window at the front across the entire width and height of the heat exchanger.

Fig. 55 Rear view of the boiler from Fig. 52 in axonometric view (back in foreground); it can be seen that the rear manifold is missing, and the heat exchange pipes are U-shaped.

Fig. 56 One of the boiler heat exchanger options in axonometry (front part in the foreground); The supply and return pipes are located at the rear and are connected to the side pipes of the “ceiling” and “base” parts of the boiler through connecting manifolds, and two front manifolds of heat exchange pipes form a rectangular window in front for the entire height and not the entire width of the heat exchanger, but in the upper battery of screen pipes, the additional manifold forms a rectangular window.

Fig. 57 Rear view of the boiler from Fig. 56 in axonometry (back in foreground); it can be seen that the two rear manifolds are located parallel, almost close to each other.

Fig. 58 One of the variants of the boiler heat exchanger in axonometry (front part in the foreground), almost similar to the variant in Fig. 56, characterized in that the window in the upper battery of screen pipes is closely adjacent to the manifold of screen pipes on one side.

Fig. 59 Rear view of the boiler from Fig. 58 in axonometric view (back in foreground); it can be seen that the two rear headers of the heat exchange pipes are located parallel, almost close to each other.

Fig. 60 One of the options for the boiler heat exchanger in axonometry (front part in the foreground), almost similar to the option in Fig. 50, characterized in that the screen pipes are located perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the heat exchanger.

Fig. 61 Rear view of the boiler from Fig. 60 in axonometry (back in foreground).

Fig. 62 One of the boiler heat exchanger options in axonometry (front part in the foreground); The supply and return pipes are located at the front and are connected to the side pipes of the “ceiling” and “base” parts of the boiler through connecting manifolds, and the front manifold of the heat exchange pipes is made of 6 pieces of pipe, forming a rectangular window at the front that does not cover the entire height and width of the heat exchanger.

Fig. 63 View - P, from fig. 13 (front view).

Fig. 64 Front view of one of the boiler heat exchanger options; in the front part of the heat exchanger there are four manifolds of 10 heat exchange pipes, and in the rear part there are two manifolds of 8 heat exchange pipes.

Fig. 65 Sectional view of the heat exchanger from Fig. 64 Q-Q; heat exchange pipes 9, 23 of one half are connected in the front part into different manifolds 10, and in the rear part heat exchange pipes 9, 23 of the same half are connected into one manifold 8.

Fig. 66 Front view of one of the boiler heat exchanger options; in the front part of the heat exchanger there are two manifolds of 10 heat exchange pipes, and in the rear part of the heat exchanger there are four manifolds of 8 heat exchange pipes.

Fig. 67 Sectional view of the heat exchanger from Fig. 66 R-R; heat exchange pipes 9, 23 of one half are connected in the front part into one manifold 10, and in the rear part, heat exchange pipes 9, 23 of the same half are connected into different manifolds 8.

Fig. 68 Front view of one of the boiler heat exchanger options; in the front part of the heat exchanger there are four manifolds of 10 heat exchange pipes, and in the rear part of the heat exchanger there are four manifolds of 8 heat exchange pipes.

Fig. 69 Sectional view of the heat exchanger from Fig. 68 S-S; The heat exchange pipes 9, 23 of one half are connected in the front part into two different manifolds 10, and in the rear part the heat exchange pipes 9, 23 of the same half are also connected into different manifolds 8.

Fig. 70 View T (see Fig. 17): a shaped plate 19 installed on the finned part of several pipes 9.

Fig. 71 Section of pipes 9 and shaped plate 19 from Fig. 70.

Fig. 72 Front axonometric view of a boiler heat exchanger of two halves with two upper batteries of screen pipes 6 combined into four collectors 11, 13 screen pipes 6 and two lower batteries of screen pipes 6 combined into four collectors 5, 7 screen pipes b.

Fig. 73 Rear bottom view of a boiler heat exchanger consisting of two halves with two upper batteries of screen pipes 6 combined into four collectors 11, 13 screen pipes 6 and two lower batteries of screen pipes 6 combined into four collectors 5, 7 screen pipes 6.

Positions 1-29 in Fig. 1-71 the following elements are indicated:

1, 16 - boiler connecting pipes: return pipe (1) and supply pipe (16),

2, 15 - connecting manifolds: return manifold 2 and supply manifold 15,

3, 14 - outer pipes of the “base” and “ceiling” parts of the boiler: lower 3 and upper 14,

8, 10 - heat exchange pipe manifolds: rear 8, front 10,

4 - lower part of the boiler (see Fig. 25),

6, 9, 23 - pipes: screen pipes 6, heat exchange pipes of the first row 9, heat exchange pipes of the second row 23,

5, 7, 11 and 13 - screen pipe collectors: lower 5 and 7 and upper 11 and 13,

12 - ceiling part of the boiler (see Fig. 24),

17 - gas burner,

18 - firebox (see Fig. 31),

19 - figured plate (see Fig. 20, 21, 70, 71),

20 - gas duct (see Fig. 7, 12, 13),

21 - exhaust pipe for combustion products,

22 - partitions inside the heat exchange pipe manifolds,

24, 25 - screen pipe collectors for forming a window in a battery of screen pipes,

28 - spiral fins with steel strip (see Fig. 20, 21, 70, 71),

27 - walls of the flue (see Fig. 13, 14, 15),

26 - second battery (inner row) of heat exchange pipes 23 (see Fig. 31, 32),

29 - steel plates (membranes) of screen pipes 6 (see Fig. 13, 63).

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INVENTION

The boiler shown in FIG. 1-23 works as follows.

The coolant from the heating network through the return pipe 1 enters through the return manifold 2 into the lower longitudinal pipes 3 of the lower part 4 of the boiler, then through pipes 3 it moves to the screen pipe collector 5 of the boiler base, located in the front part of the boiler base, through which it enters the screen pipes 6 the base of the boiler, and, moving and heating in them from the torch of burner 17, enters the manifold 7 of the screen pipes of the boiler base at the rear of the boiler. Through the collector 7, the coolant enters the collector 8 (see Figs. 13 and 16), and then into part of the heat exchange pipes connected to it (into the heat exchange pipes of the first row 9, and in boilers with a double-row arrangement of pipes, as shown in Fig. 28 , - simultaneously into the first row 9 and into the second row 23 or sequentially into pipes of different rows 9,23 in the presence of additional collectors 8, 10 Fig. 65, 67, 69). Moving through the heat exchange pipes from one end of the boiler to the other, the coolant is heated by the radiation of the burner and the convection of combustion products, after which it enters the manifold 10, located in the front part of the boiler. Partitions are installed in the collector 10, which force the coolant to turn in the opposite direction towards the collector 8. Moving in the opposite direction through the heat exchange pipes, the coolant is again heated by radiation from the flame of the burner 17 and convection. The collector 8 also has partitions installed to turn the coolant flow in the opposite direction. Due to the partitions, the coolant changes the direction of its movement several times along the axis of the boiler, moving in a zigzag pattern within the battery (row) of pipes 9 and 23. The number of heat exchange pipes through which the coolant passes in one direction depends on the number of partitions in the collectors 8 and 10, which are installed in this way so that the speed in pipes 9 is approximately from 1.2 to 2.5 m/s.

Then, from the collector(s) 8 or 10 (depending on the number of turns of the coolant), the coolant enters the upper collector 11 or 13 screen pipes in the upper part of the boiler, and then into the screen pipes 6 of the ceiling part 12 of the boiler. Moving along the screen pipes 6 of the ceiling part 12, the coolant is heated by the radiation of the flame of the burner 17 and, moving along the screen pipes 6, enters the upper collector 13 or 11 of the ceiling part 12 of the boiler, then into the pipes 14, and along them moves to the rear part of the boiler into the supply manifold 15 and supply pipe 16, through which the heated coolant is supplied to the consumer.

The gas-air path of the boiler from Fig. 1-23 works as follows.

The gas is supplied to the burner 17 and burns in the furnace 18, while heating, due to radiation, the inside of the screen pipes 6 of the “base” and its collectors 5 and 7, the inside of the screen pipes 6 of the “ceiling” part of the boiler 12 and its collectors 11 and 13 and partially finned heat exchange tubes with their manifolds. Then the combustion products pass through the heat exchange pipes of the convective parts of the boiler, evenly distributed and giving off heat as much as possible along their entire length due to the shaped plates 19, preferably made of metal to maintain rigidity at high temperatures, attached to the finned part of the heat exchange pipes 9, partially located in the space of the flue, and Subsequently, they move through the space of the flue 20 into the exhaust pipe for combustion products 21, from where they are removed through the chimney (not shown).

The shaped plates 19 evenly distribute the output of combustion products along the entire length of the finned part of the heat exchange tubes and force the combustion products into maximum contact with the surface of the fins and the body of the heat exchange tubes. If the combustion products from the burner torch are not distributed evenly through the heat exchange pipes, the burned gases will tend to exit into the flues at a point with minimal aerodynamic resistance, which will lead to local overheating of the heat exchange pipes in this part and to their rapid failure. High heat transfer from combustion products to the heat exchange pipes and uniform distribution of the burner flame inside the combustion chamber thanks to the use of shaped plates 19 can significantly reduce the metal consumption of the boiler and reduce the number of parts in the boiler responsible for heat transfer, which, as a consequence, reduces the amount of welding in the boiler and the volume of plumbing works At the same time, the weight of the boiler is reduced and the high efficiency of the boiler is maintained.

In traditional boilers, the convective part, as a rule, consists of many layers of heat exchange pipes, which are difficult to reach during maintenance and repair. In the presented boiler, thanks to the use of the above-mentioned shaped plates 19 installed on the finned part of the heat exchange pipes, it is possible to manufacture a heat exchanger from one or two rows, with the same thermal power as traditional boilers.

There are many possible alternative designs for the boiler according to the invention, in which, in particular:

- the boiler may contain one (see, for example, Fig. 1-23), two (see Fig. 24-32) or several rows of heat exchange pipes arranged in layers,

- connections for the coolant can be located in the front (see, for example, Fig. 52) or behind (see, for example, Fig. 1-23), on one side of the boiler (see, for example, Fig. 51) or on different sides (see, for example, Fig. 1-23);

- coolant pipes can be connected to the collectors through transition manifolds (see, for example, Fig. 1-23) or directly (see, for example, Fig. 51, 52);

- the rear manifold of heat exchange pipes can be made of one (see, for example, Fig. 45), two (see, for example, Fig. 41) or more pipes with or without forming a window in the rear part of the boiler (see, for example , Fig. 41 and 45),

- the front manifold of heat exchange pipes can be made of one, two (see Fig. 58) or more (see Fig. 40) pipes with or without forming a window in the front part of the boiler,

- the boiler may contain additional screen pipe manifolds forming a window in the upper part of the boiler or in the lower part of the boiler (see Fig. 56 and 58),

- heat exchange pipes can have a U-shaped (see Fig. 36, 37 and 38), L-shaped, C-shaped (see, for example, Fig. 1-23) and linear shape.

In fig. 6, 7, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 23 and 25 show a variant of the boiler in which the rear manifold of heat exchange pipes 8 consists of two pipes, with which partially finned pipes 9 located along the length of the boiler are connected, where the pipes 9 of the left half of the boiler heat exchanger are connected to the left pipe of the manifold 8, and pipes 9 of the right half of the boiler heat exchanger are connected to the right pipe of the manifold 8.

Figures 26, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32 and 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69 show a variant of a boiler with a double-row heat exchanger, in which in the rear part of the boiler there are two or more collectors 8 heat exchange pipes, with which the located along the length of the boiler are partially finned heat exchange pipes of the first row 9 and second row 23. Heat exchange pipes of the second row 23 are located in the inner part of the combustion chamber 18 in a checkerboard pattern relative to the heat exchange pipes of the first row 9. Pipes of the first row 9 and second row 23, located on the right side boiler are connected to the right manifold 8, and the pipes of the first row 9 and second row 23, located on the left side of the boiler, are connected to the left manifold 8 of heat exchange pipes.

Figures 33, 34 and 35 show a variant of the boiler, which has one rear manifold 8 of heat exchange pipes with which partially finned heat exchange pipes 9 of the U-shape of the left and right banks of heat exchange pipes are connected.

Figures 36, 37 and 38 show a variant of the boiler in which the partially finned heat exchange tubes 9 are C-shaped and communicate at their ends only with two front heat exchange tube manifolds 10 located in the front part of the boiler.

In FIG. 72, 73 shows a variant of the boiler consisting of two halves, which has four batteries of screen pipes 6, two of which are located in the lower part of the boiler, and the other two in the upper part of the boiler and eight collectors of screen pipes 6, four of which are located in the lower part 5, 7 and four in the upper part of the 13, 11 boiler.

The proposed boiler is more technologically advanced during the manufacturing process and is easier to repair at the installation site if necessary.

The assembly of the boiler in production takes place in several areas where individual boiler elements of the same type are assembled, which make up the main part of the boiler, namely;

“base” and “ceiling” parts of the boiler, consisting of collectors and screen pipes, heat exchange pipes and heat exchange pipe collectors, flue duct elements, boiler casing elements.

The final assembly of the boiler occurs quickly and without much labor due to the maximum readiness of the boiler elements in the preliminary sections of element assembly. This also makes it possible to use highly qualified specialists at each individual site, thereby achieving maximum productivity thanks to the conveyor assembly of the boiler.

The great advantage of the presented boiler is the replacement of heat-stressed elements of the boiler without the use of special devices and lifting mechanisms at the installation site. On-site boiler repair is carried out according to the same algorithms as during the production of the boiler at the manufacturer's plant and the same elements are also used as in production, which significantly speeds up the repair process if necessary.

Basically, the most loaded elements in boilers are the heat exchange pipes of the convective part and, as a rule, the main task when repairing a boiler is to identify the failed pipe and its subsequent replacement with a new one. In those boilers where the convective parts consist of dense bundles of pipes, identifying a damaged pipe and repairing or replacing it is a very labor-intensive process. In the presented boiler, the heat exchange pipes are located mainly in one or two rows, and therefore it is easy to see which pipe requires repair or replacement. If replacement is necessary, the pipe can be easily separated from the collectors, since all attachment points are easily accessible, and due to the fact that there are no dense bundles, any heat exchange pipe can be individually removed and replaced with a new one, without the use of special lifting mechanisms.

Claims (25)

1. A water tube boiler containing: a combustion chamber longitudinally elongated in the axial direction and oriented horizontally or at an acute angle to the horizontal plane, at least two heat exchange pipe manifolds, heat exchange pipes at least partially located along the longitudinal axis of said combustion chamber , wherein at least part of these pipes is at least partially spirally finned with steel tape, screen pipe headers (6): upper (11, 13) and bottom (5, 7), screen pipes (6), grouped, in at least two batteries: the upper one, in which the screen pipes (6) are connected to each other by means of collectors (11, 13), and the lower one, in which the screen pipes (6) are connected to each other by means of collectors (5, 7), with in this case, at least part of the spaces between adjacent screen pipes (6) of each battery are at least partially covered with steel plates, the flue ducts at least partially located to the left and right of said combustion chamber, such that at least at least a portion of said heat exchange tubes are at least partially located between a vertical plane passing through the central longitudinal axis of said combustion chamber and a space of flue ducts (20), in which: said heat exchange tubes are grouped into at least one battery, wherein their ends communicate with said heat exchange pipe manifolds, said heat exchange and screen pipe manifolds are designed in such a way as to ensure the movement of the coolant in essentially all heat exchange and screen pipes exposed to heat. 2. The boiler according to claim 1, in which the above-mentioned heat exchange pipes are U-shaped and which at one end are connected to at least one heat exchange pipe manifold located in the front part of the above-mentioned combustion chamber, and at the other end are connected, according to with at least one heat exchange pipe manifold located at the rear of the above-mentioned combustion chamber. 3. The boiler according to claim 1, in which the above-mentioned heat exchange pipes are U-shaped and which at one end are connected to at least one heat exchange pipe manifold located in the front left part of the above-mentioned combustion chamber, and at the other end are connected, with at least one heat exchange pipe manifold located in the front right part of the above-mentioned combustion chamber. 4. The boiler according to claim 1, in which the above-mentioned heat exchange pipes are U-shaped and which at one end are connected to at least one heat exchange pipe manifold located in the rear left part of the above-mentioned combustion chamber, and at the other end are connected, with at least one heat exchange pipe manifold located in the rear right part of the above-mentioned combustion chamber. 5. The boiler according to claim 1, in which the above-mentioned heat exchange pipes have an L-shaped or rectilinear shape and which at one end are connected with at least one heat exchange pipe manifold located in the front part of the above-mentioned combustion chamber, and with the other end they are connected , with at least one heat exchange pipe manifold located in the rear part of the above-mentioned combustion chamber. 6. The boiler according to claim 1, in which the above-mentioned heat exchange pipes are C-shaped and whose ends communicate with at least two heat exchange pipe manifolds located in the front or rear part of the combustion chamber. 7. The boiler according to claim 1, in which at least two of the above-mentioned heat exchange pipes having a finned part are at least partially located in the space of the flue, and are equipped with at least one shaped plate (19) for controlling the output combustion products. 8. The boiler according to claim 1, in which at least one shaped plate (19) made of metal is located on the finned part of the above-mentioned heat exchange pipes, which are partially located in the space of the above-mentioned flues. 9. The boiler according to claim 1, in which the above-mentioned screen pipes (6) are located wholly or predominantly along the longitudinal axis of said combustion chamber or wholly or predominantly along the transverse axis of said combustion chamber. 10. The boiler according to claim 1, in which the above-mentioned screen pipe headers (6) are located in front and behind of said combustion chamber or to the right and left of said combustion chamber. 11. The boiler according to claim 1, in which the above-mentioned heat exchange pipe headers are made essentially vertical or oriented at an acute angle to the vertical plane. 12. The boiler according to claim 1, in which the above-mentioned heat exchange pipe manifolds are equipped with internal partitions designed in such a way as to ensure at least a one-time change in the direction of movement of the coolant in each of the above-mentioned banks of heat exchange pipes that are connected to them. 13. The boiler according to claim 1, in which the above-mentioned screen pipe collectors are located horizontally or at a slight angle to the horizontal plane. 14. The boiler according to claim 1, in which the above-mentioned screen pipe collectors (6) are equipped with internal partitions designed in such a way as to ensure at least a one-time change in the direction of movement of the coolant in each of the above-mentioned screen pipe batteries (6), which they are connected. 15. The boiler according to claim 1, in which, on at least one of the above-mentioned heat exchange pipes having a finned part, at least partially located in the space of the flue, there is at least one shaped plate (19) made of metal for optimization heat exchange by controlling the exit of burnt gases through the finned part of the above-mentioned heat exchange tubes. 16. The boiler according to claim 1, in which the above-mentioned screen tube batteries (6) are additionally provided with pipes (3, 14) located at the edges of the above-mentioned screen tube batteries (6). 17. The boiler according to claim 1, in which the above-mentioned heat exchange tube banks have at least one front (10) and at least one rear (8) heat exchange tube headers, wherein the ends of the heat exchange tubes in the above-mentioned heat exchange tube banks located entirely or predominantly in the left part of the combustion chamber are connected with at least one front (10) and at least one rear (8) heat exchange pipe collectors, and the ends of the heat exchange pipes in the above-mentioned heat exchange pipe batteries located entirely or predominantly in the right part of the combustion chamber are connected with at least one front (10) and at least one rear (8) heat exchange pipe collectors. 18. The boiler according to claim 1, in which the above-mentioned heat exchange pipes are grouped into at least four batteries, with two of these batteries (left) located entirely or predominantly in the left part of the combustion chamber and form two rows of heat exchange pipes (9, 23), and the other two (right), respectively, are located entirely or predominantly in the right part of the combustion chamber and also form two rows of heat exchange pipes (9, 23). 19. The boiler according to claim 18, in which the heat exchange pipes (9) of one of the above-mentioned rows of one battery are arranged in a checkerboard pattern relative to the heat exchange pipes (23) of the other above-mentioned row of another battery, located on one side of the combustion chamber. 20. The boiler according to claim 18, in which the aforementioned second row heat exchange pipes (23) are smooth. 21. The boiler according to claim 18, wherein at least a portion of the aforementioned second row heat exchange tubes (23) are at least partially finned. 22. The boiler according to claim 1, in which the above-mentioned heat exchange tubes in each row are arranged substantially parallel to each other. 23. The boiler according to claim 1, in which the above-mentioned heat exchange pipes in each row (9, 23) are made of the same type. 24. The boiler according to claim 1, in which the above-mentioned heat exchange pipes in each row (9, 23) are not of the same type. 25. The boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains four batteries of the above-mentioned screen pipes (6) and eight screen pipe collectors (6); four upper (11, 13) and four lower (5, 7), while the pipes (6) of the first upper battery are connected with the first upper front collector (13) at one end, and with the other end connected with the first upper rear collector (11 ); pipes (6) of the second upper battery are connected at one end to the second upper front collector (13), and at the other end they are connected to the second upper rear collector (11); pipes (6) of the first lower battery are connected at one end to the first lower front collector (5), and at the other end they are connected to the first lower rear collector (7); the pipes of the second lower battery are connected at one end to the second lower front manifold (5), and at the other end they are connected to the second lower rear manifold (7).

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