RU2802193C1 - Fodder concentrate for cows - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: cattle fodder.

SUBSTANCE: feed concentrate for cows is characterized by the fact that it contains crushed milk thistle seeds, Profort probiotic, betaine 97%, vitamin E 50%, taken in appropriate proportions.

EFFECT: improved productivity of cattle.

1 cl, 3 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the feeding of farm animals, in particular dairy cattle productivity and is intended for use in agriculture: in fodder production, feed mills, industrial dairy complexes and farms.

At the beginning of lactation, 40-45% of milk production is obtained from cows. The metabolism of these animals during this period is intense, requiring high-energy diets. As a rule, there is often a significant energy deficit, which can lead to serious metabolic disorders in cows. This is due to the fact that milk yield increases faster than the energy supplied with feed. The cow begins to use her own reserves and loses 10-12% of her body weight in the first 80-110 days after calving. Feed concentrates can provide a balanced ration that enhances feed digestibility. Useful properties of feed concentrates, especially those containing proteins, polysaccharides, flavonoids, antioxidants, vitamins, are beyond doubt. However, a problem in this area is a small range of domestic specialized concentrates for cows from available plant materials containing a high amount of biologically valuable substances.

From the analysis of information sources, it follows that a number of technical solutions have been proposed for use in feed production and feeding of cows. In patent RU No. 2506807, A23K 1/00, published 2014-02-20, a method for feeding goats is proposed. It includes feeding them a diet containing the feed additive "YODDAR - Zn" in the amount of 100 mg per 1 kg of concentrated feed in combination with the preparation DAFS - 25 in the amount of 1.6 mg per 1 kg of concentrated feed and a protein-carbohydrate filler taken from the calculation 20% by weight of concentrated feed. Protein-carbohydrate filler contains chickpea flour, wheat groats, pumpkin and milk thistle cake. In the patent RU No. 2283594, A23K 1/16, published 2006-09-20, a diet containing a biologically active additive in the form of a combination of cakes is described: pumpkin-mustard or pumpkin-milk thistle, or mustard-milk thistle in a ratio of 1: 1, in the amount 15-20% May. from concentrated feed of the main diet. Known premix for lactating cows (patent RU No. 2405376, A23K 1/16, published 2010-12-10). It includes vitamins, microelements, selenium in the form of a selenium-containing preparation DAFS-25, potassium iodide, feed sulfur, glycine and a filler. Pumpkin-thistle pomace (1:1) is used as a filler. A biologically active supplement is proposed containing defatted milk thistle fruits and spirulina microalgae biomass, taken in a certain ratio (patent RU No. 2162705, A61K 35/78, A61K 35/80, A23L 1/03, published 2001-02-10). This tool allows you to get a pronounced hepatoprotective effect due to the optimal combination of hepatoprotective, immunocorrective and antioxidant properties of substances. In patent RU No. 2292727, A23K1, published 2007-02-10, a method is described, which consists in introducing a biologically active additive from milk thistle seed flour into the main diet. This invention provides an increase in the productive potential and the level of natural resistance, which is manifested by an increase in safety and average daily weight gain. To increase the nutritional value of premixes, the use of milk thistle cake as a premix filler for farm animals and poultry is justified (patent RU No. 2306717, A23K 1/00, A23K 1/16, published 2007-09-27). A therapeutic and prophylactic agent has been created for the correction of hepatopathy and its prevention in animals, as well as for increasing the productivity and resistance of the organism (patent RU No. 2476233, A61K 36/28, published on 2013-02-27). It incorporates milk thistle meal, germinated oat grains and ribotan with the following content of components, wt. %: sprouted grains of oats - 20.0, ribotan - 35.0, milk thistle meal - 45.0. The invention provides an increase in the average daily gain in live weight and an increase in the resistance of the animal organism. In the patent RU No. 2477614, A23K 1/16, A23K 1/14, published 2013-03-20, a feed additive for farm animals is proposed. In its composition, dry powders of Echinacea purpurea herb and milk thistle fruits are used at the rate of 20-50 g of echinacea powder and 20-50 g of milk thistle powder. This invention can provide an increase in animal productivity, livestock safety, increased metabolic processes in the body and prevent animal intoxication.

The disadvantages of these solutions is the use of either hard-to-reach substances, or those in a form that is poorly absorbed and transformed into valuable nutrients and products by the animal body. The principle of synergy is not used when creating supplement recipes. The composition of such additives and the technology of their manufacture are complex.

The technical result, which the claimed set of features is aimed at, is to increase the reproductive abilities of animals and their productivity, as well as to obtain healthy young cattle by balancing the diet with a feed concentrate containing components from natural sources - seeds of thistle spotted, betaine, probiotic , and vitamin E.

The technical result is achieved by the proposed feed concentrate for cows, characterized by the content of crushed milk thistle seeds, profort probiotic, betaine 97%, vitamin E 50%, with the following ratio of initial components, wt. %: ground milk thistle seeds - 92.76; Profort probiotic -6.00; betaine 97% - 1.20; vitamin E 50% - 0.04.

The body of a cow is characterized by an intensive metabolism. Strengthening the processes of lipid peroxidation in it leads to the formation of a large number of free radicals, which cause a complex of changes in the body at the cellular level. With prolonged exposure of an animal to adverse factors, the functional reserves of its own antioxidant system are reduced, and it will not fully cope with the regulation of free radical reactions, which causes oxidative stress. To reduce oxidative processes during periods of stressful physiological state, animals need to be given additional antioxidant drugs. The use of crushed milk thistle seeds, which have a strong antioxidant effect, is one of the ways to increase the productivity of cows, maintain their health and reproductive qualities. A valuable property of vitamin E 50% is its antioxidant properties, in addition, it is the most important source for the synthesis of milk components, plays a leading role in lipid metabolism, and is a universal protector of cell membranes from oxidative damage. Enrichment of the diet with betaine 97% helps to maintain the osmotic balance in the cells. The combined use of crushed milk thistle seeds, betaine 97% and vitamin E 50% provide a hepatoprotective effect, support the liver to cleanse the body of harmful substances, improve immunity, having a beneficial effect on the animal's reproductive abilities.

Such a synergy of the action of the above components contributes to the active work of the profort probiotic with the microbiome of the gastrointestinal tract, causing an increase in productivity.

Distinctive features of the proposed technical solution are as follows. A feed concentrate is proposed, consisting of crushed milk thistle seeds and biologically active substances of directed action: probiotic profort, betaine 97% and vitamin E 50%. All components are selected taking into account the synergistic effect of crushed milk thistle seeds, betaine 97% and vitamin E 50% and their complex effect on the activation of the profort probiotic. The composition of the nutrient elements of the concentrate is presented in table 1.

Example. Experimental data on the use of the concentrate were obtained in the experiment on two groups of black-motley cows, formed according to the principle of analogues, 5 heads each, at a productivity level of 5000 kg of milk per year. The conditions of detention and the duration of the experiment in each group, the first of which was the control, and the second - experimental, were the same. The animals were fed twice a day. Cows from the second group for 58 days received a concentrate for the main diet at the rate of 500 g per head per day (scheme).

The studies were carried out in conditions of winter stall keeping against the background of the existing feeding ration on the farm. Feed concentrate was given to each cow from the experimental group by hand in the morning at 0.5 kg for 58 days. Feeding of experimental cows was carried out according to the diet accepted in the farm, kg: grass-bean hay - 4; corn silage - 25; wet beer grains - 3; concentrates - 3; monocalcium phosphate - 0.1; fodder chalk - 0.05; table salt - 0.05, molasses - 0.5. The diet contained 132.8 MJ of metabolic energy, 1600 g of crude protein, calcium 99 g, phosphorus 55 g, carotene 565 mg.

To determine milk productivity, control milkings were carried out. The results obtained in the experiment are shown in Table 2.

The table shows that after calving the quality of the offspring in this group was higher: the live weight of newborn calves exceeded that of control animals by 4.97% (38.0 kg versus 36.2), and their average daily gains were further higher by 3.86% (619 g vs. 596).

In cows from the experimental group that received the feed concentrate, calving was easier. This was evidenced by such an indicator as a reduction in the time for separation of the placenta compared with control cows by 2.4 hours. They were characterized by the best reproductive ability. Animals from the experimental group after calving were inseminated after 44 days, and from the control group - 79 days, which is 35 days later. The conducted control milking confirmed their higher milk yields (24 kg of milk against 23).

The calculation of the economic effect from the use of feed concentrate in the diet of feeding cows was carried out according to the direct costs of funds (table 3).

The use of a feed concentrate based on crushed seeds of milk thistle and biologically active substances in the diets of cows is economically feasible, allows you to receive an additional income per cow in the amount of 520 rubles by improving the quality of the offspring (higher live weight of calves at birth and their growth energy in the future), as well as increasing the milk productivity of cows after calving.

Feed concentrate based on crushed milk thistle seeds can be made in any farm with simple equipment. The most promising is the use of crushed seeds of milk thistle with other grain components and biologically active substances in the composition of feed, which will solve the most important problems in animal husbandry - extending the productive longevity of cows and increasing productivity.

Claims (2)

Feed concentrate for cows, characterized in that it contains crushed milk thistle seeds, profort probiotic, betaine 97%, vitamin E 50%, with the following ratio of initial components, wt. %: crushed milk thistle seeds 92.76 probiotic profort 6.00 betaine 97% 1.20 vitamin E 50% 0.04