RU2486760C1 - Lactating cows feeding method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to dairy cattle husbandry, in particular, to a method for lactating cows feeding using girasol fodder additives in rations. The lactating cows feeding method envisages usage of grain concentrates and girasol supplementary feeds in the ration. The girasol supplementary feeds are introduced in the ration in the form of milled green mass with particles sized no more than 2 cm at least twice a day, in an amount of no more than 35% of the total nutritional value of the ration additionally including grama grass at the specified ration components ratio.

EFFECT: method allows to enhance economic efficiency of feeding due to usage of rations (during spring, summer and autumn periods), such rations combining agricultural land fodders ie grama grass and components ensuring the fodder balance in terms of all the nutritional and energy substances in accordance with physiological needs of cows in the lactating period.

2 cl, 5 tbl, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to dairy farming, in particular, to a method for feeding lactating cows using dietary supplements from Jerusalem artichoke.

Jerusalem artichoke has long been widely used in the feeding of farm animals, in particular cattle.

So known is a feed additive based on Jerusalem artichoke as a therapeutic and prophylactic agent for domestic and farm animals (RU 2149564, A23K 1/16 05/27/2000) containing dried tuberous and / or aerial parts of a plant of the following chemical composition,%: water - 2.0 -14.0; carbohydrates - 10.0-90.0; protein - 1.0-20.0; fats - 0.1-5.0; dietary fiber (fiber) - 2.0-20.0; ash residue - 3.0-18.0; silicon - up to 8.0 (per ash residue); potassium - up to 2.0; phosphorus - up to 5.0. In this case, the feed additive may additionally contain a filler, which contains corn, wheat flour, bran, starch, bone meal, chitin, chitosan, fodder yeast, minerals.

This feed additive is known as a therapeutic and prophylactic for pets, a means for diet therapy, and can not be used as complete diets, suggesting a balanced feed composition for all necessary substances for lactating cows.

Also known is a feed composition for cattle (RU 2289948 C1, A23K 1/16, 12/27/2006) containing oats, barley, wheat, wheat bran, monocalcium phosphate, salt and premix, corn, soybean meal and Jerusalem artichoke, with the following ratio of components by weight: oats - 10; barley - 12; wheat - 15; corn - 11; wheat bran - 39; soybean meal - 5; Jerusalem artichoke - 3; premix - 1; monocalcium phosphate - 2; salt - 1. This composition is taken as a prototype.

The disadvantage of this composition is the large proportion of concentrated feed in the form of crops. This type of animal feeding can be applied to highly productive cows in the first 2-3 months of lactation during cows, mainly in the autumn-winter period. Feeding cows with a known composition in the spring-summer-autumn period, that is, during the growing season of plants, is not economically feasible.

In addition, the predominance of concentrates worsens the balance of rations, and not only milk yield, but also the composition of dairy products and their taste qualities depend on it.

The objective of the present invention is to provide a method of feeding lactating cows, providing the physiological needs of animals in balanced feed during the spring-summer-autumn period of lactation, increasing the milk productivity of cows and the quality of dairy products, increasing the efficiency of feeding.

The problem is solved in that in the method of feeding lactating cows, including the use of grain concentrates in the diet and topinambur top dressing, according to the invention topinambur top dressing is introduced into the diet in the form of a crushed green mass with a particle size of no more than 2 cm, at least two times per day in an amount of not more than 35% of the total nutritional value of the diet, which also includes pasture grass, in the following ratio of diet components, wt.%:

grazing grass - 68.7

green mass of Jerusalem artichoke - 27.8

cereal concentrates - 3.3

minerals and vitamins - 0.2

Fertilizing from the green mass of Jerusalem artichoke is introduced into the diet from 11 days after calving during the entire growing season of plants.

The technical result of the invention is the provision of cows during the spring-summer-autumn period of lactation full, balanced in all necessary substances, feed; improved digestibility of feed; increase in milk yield and improving the quality of dairy products.

The inventive method was carried out as follows.

The main type of feed of lactating cows in the claimed method was grazing grass of natural land. In addition to the main feed, grain concentrates were introduced into the diet and at least twice a day they gave green mass of Jerusalem artichoke in a crushed form - 2 cm, which was introduced into the diet at the rate of not more than 35% of the total nutritional value of the diet. An increase in the proportion of Jerusalem artichoke in the total nutritional value of the diet can lead to a violation of the sugar-protein ratio of feed. The green mass of Jerusalem artichoke began to be introduced into the diet from 11 days after calving, that is, from the beginning of the development of high-grade milk.

To assess the effectiveness of the proposed method using lactating cows in the diet as an additive for the green mass of Jerusalem artichoke, a scientific and economic experiment was conducted at CJSC Sibir in the Shushensky District of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The tests were carried out in the summer-autumn period.

The test results for feeding lactating cows are given in the example.

EXAMPLE

Two groups of animals were selected to conduct feeding tests on lactating cows by the method described in the present invention. Each group has 125 goals. The duration of feeding cows with a diet with green mass of Jerusalem artichoke was 43 days.

In the diet of the control group, corn was used as a green dressing; in the diet of the experimental group, corn was replaced with the green mass of Jerusalem artichoke. Moreover, the rations of the experimental and control groups, calculated by nutritional value, differed in weight due to the use of less Jerusalem artichoke greens in the diet of the experimental group than in the diet of the control group of corn. The remaining components of the diet - grass pasture, grain concentrates, minerals and vitamins, animals of the experimental and control groups consumed in equal quantities. Mass fractions of feed components in relation to the masses of rations in the experimental and control groups are shown in table 1.

The actual nutritional value of diets was calculated based on the digestibility ratios of nutrients obtained in physiological experience.

The table shows that, despite the fact that the feeding level in both groups was almost the same, the digestibility ratios of protein, fat, and fiber were higher in animals of the experimental group by 4.1, 6.3, and 3.3 abs.% (P > 0.95).

It was also established that cows that received the green mass of Jerusalem artichoke used nitrogen somewhat better, which, in our opinion, is explained by the more active life of the rumen microflora due to the increased sugar level in the diet. As a result, ammonia formed during the breakdown of protein is better fixed. The use of green mass of Jerusalem artichoke in feeding lactating cows positively affects their metabolism, which is expressed in better digestibility of protein, fat, fiber, nitrogen and calcium contained in the feed.

The cows of both groups showed an increase in live weight by the end of the experiment. Moreover, in animals of the control, the average daily gain was 279 g, in cows of the experimental group, respectively, 534 g.

The use of Jerusalem artichoke in feeding green mass allowed to increase the milk productivity of cows (table 2), a significant increase in daily milk yield and the amount of milk received for lactation in the experimental group of cows was noted, compared with these indicators in the control group.

table 2 Milk productivity of cows for the period of the experiment (average 1 head) Indicator Group 1st (control) 2nd (experienced) The amount of milk of natural fat content, kg 751 ± 0.21 812 ± 0.39 The amount of milk of basic fat content (3.4%), kg 872.5 ± 0.32 952.9 ± 0.33 The amount of milk per lactation, kg 3970 ± 0.54 4110 ± 0.51 The content in milk,%: fat 3.95 ± 0.06 3.99 ± 0.03 squirrel 3.03 ± 0.15 3.05 ± 0.12 The amount of milk fat, kg 29.66 32,40 The amount of milk protein, kg 23,20 25.25 Daily milk yield, kg: natural fat milk 17.4 ± 0.18 18.9 ± 0.15 3.4% fat milk 20.2 ± 0.04 21.9 ± 0.03

Analysis of the chemical composition of milk, shown in table 3, revealed a significant increase in the calcium content in the milk of animals of the experimental group by 4.2%, phosphorus - by 7.6% (P> 0.99) than in the control group.

Table 3 The chemical composition of milk Indicator Group 1st (control) 2nd (experienced) Density, ° A 29.0 ± 0.6 30.0 ± 0.06 Acidity, ° T 17.2 ± 0.09 17.2 ± 0.14 Total nitrogen,% 0.475 ± 0.01 0.478 ± 0.01 Dry matter% 12.58 ± 0.32 12.88 ± 0.09 SOMO,% 8.8 ± 0.06 9.05 ± 0.34 Ash% 0.79 ± 0.08 0.74 ± 0.02 Calcium, mg% 120 ± 0.02 125 ± 0.07 Phosphorus, mg% 105 ± 0.71 113 ± 0.28 Sugar,% 4.72 ± 0.15 4.71 ± 0.05 Protein,% 3.03 ± 0.15 3.05 ± 0.12 Casein,% 2.2 ± 0.13 2.5 ± 0.23 Vitamin C, mg% 1.92 ± 0.22 1.81 ± 0.14

To assess the effect of feeding green mass of Jerusalem artichoke to cows on dairy products quality, sour cream and butter were studied according to generally accepted methods. It was established that according to physicochemical, organoleptic and microbiological indicators, sour cream corresponded to the requirements of Technical Specifications TU 10.02.02.789.09-89, and oil - GOST R. 52253-2004 "Butter and butter paste from cow's milk" and SanPiN 2.3.2.1078- 01 "Hygienic requirements for the quality and safety of food raw materials and food products", the results are shown in table 4.

Table 4 Physico-chemical and microbiological parameters of oil, per 100 g Indicator Peasant oil, sweet cream, unsalted 1st (control) 2nd (experienced) Mass fraction of fat,% 72.5 ± 0.06 72.5 ± 0.02 Moisture content, % 25.4 ± 0.43 25.0 ± 0.34 Proteins, g 1.20 ± 0.07 1.38 ± 0.05 SOMO,% 2.1 ± 0.02 2.5 ± 0.06 Oil plasma acidity, ° T 22.0 ± 0.32 21.2 ± 0.21 The amount of fatty acids, g 65.98 68.79 KMAFANM, CFU in 1 g of product 1 × 10 ⁴ 1 × 10 ³ BGKP, in 1 g of a product Not detected Not detected Pathogenic, including Salmonella, 25 g Not detected Not detected

The research results show that with the same mass fraction of fat (72.5%) in the oil obtained from cows in the diet of which Jerusalem artichoke contained, superior in the sum of fatty acids (4.25%) and protein (0.18 g, or 15.0%, at P> 0.95).

To determine the effect on the cost of dairy products of feeding green mass of Jerusalem artichoke to cows, the costs of feed units, dry matter and energy feed units per 1 kg of milk were calculated. These indicators were less in the experimental group, respectively, 0.12 feed. units and 0.11 kg, 0.12 ECE. This was largely facilitated by better digestibility of nutrients and their assimilation when used in feeding dairy cows of Jerusalem artichoke. In general, the feed ration of animals of the experimental group was cheaper, since the cost of 1 feed. units the green mass of Jerusalem artichoke is 11.1% lower than the cost of 1 feed. units corn. Therefore, the cost of 1 centner of milk in the second group was lower by 7.9%, and the net profit per head was 50% higher than in the first group.

Thus, studies on lactating cows, the diets of which included the green mass of Jerusalem artichoke instead of the green mass of corn, showed that they are better provided with easily hydrolyzable carbohydrates. In animals, digestion, metabolism are normalized, milk productivity is increased, the quality of dairy products is improved, which allowed to reduce the cost of nutrients per unit of production.

Based on the results of the studies, it can be stated that the inclusion of silage from Jerusalem artichoke in the diet has a positive effect on their milk productivity, taste and quality indicators of dairy products.

In this case, compared with the feed composition shown in the prototype, the claimed method of feeding helps to increase the economic efficiency of feeding due to the use of diets combining the feed of natural lands in the spring-summer-autumn period - pasture grasses and components ensuring the balance of the feed for all the necessary nutrient and energy substances, in accordance with the physiological needs of cows during lactation.

Claims (2)

1. The method of feeding lactating cows, including the use of grain concentrates in the diet and topinambur top dressing, characterized in that topinambur top dressing is introduced into the diet in the form of a crushed green mass, with a particle size of not more than 2 cm, at least twice a day in an amount of not more than 35% of the total nutritional value of the diet, including also grazing grass, in the following ratio of diet components, wt.%:
gramma 68.7 green mass of Jerusalem artichoke 27.8 cereal concentrates 3.3 minerals and vitamins 0.2 2. The method of feeding lactating cows according to claim 1, characterized in that the top dressing of Jerusalem artichoke is introduced into the diet from the 11th day after calving during the entire growing season of plants.