RU2800994C1 - Combine harvester with grain drying - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: combine for harvesting and drying grain contains: an adapter (1), a self-propelled thresher (2), a grain bin (4) with a front inclined wall, a loading (9) and an upper unloading auger, a casing (6) for supplying hot gas from the engine and a collector (5) straw, electric drive, buffer batteries (14) placed under the gas turbine engine with an electric generator (3). A grain cooler (11) with a fan (12) and a cyclone (10) are installed above the grain bin (4).

EFFECT: increasing the efficiency of the combine and improving the quality of grain due to the simultaneous collection of grain and its drying to the standard value.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural engineering and can be used in machines for harvesting cereals and legumes.

Known combine harvester, including a header, an inclined chamber, a device for pre-threshing grain with a sieve located under it, an auger, an elevator, a threshing apparatus, a keyboard straw walker, a stacker, a cleaning sieve and hoppers for receiving grain, respectively, from a device for pre-threshing and a threshing apparatus, moreover a device for preliminary threshing of grain is installed between the header and an inclined chamber, in which the device for preliminary threshing of grain is made in the form of two upper and two lower rollers arranged in two tiers, with the upper tier being spring-loaded and equipped with a mechanism for adjusting the gaps between them and the rollers of the lower tier, which installed with the possibility of rotation towards the rollers of the upper tier, while the auger is located under the sieve of the preliminary threshing device (RF patent No. .2003, Bull. No. 12).

The disadvantages of the known combine harvester is the absence of a device for drying leguminous crops in the combine.

Known combine harvester for harvesting standing crops, containing a harvesting platform with a stripping drum, a feed auger, a scraper conveyor and a perforated bottom for the auger and a scraper conveyor, in which under the perforated bottom there is a collection of separated grain, the inclined conveyor chamber is connected to the thresher of the combine (UK patent No. 2200526, IPC A01D 41/00, A01F 12/44, B07B 1/00, publ. - 1987).

The disadvantages of the known combine harvester is the absence of a device for drying leguminous crops in the combine.

The closest in technical essence to the present invention is a combine for harvesting and drying grain. including an adapter, a self-propelled thresher, a hopper with a front inclined wall and an upper unloading auger in a casing, a straw chopper-spreader, a towing device and a trailed wheeled trolley, the hopper is equipped with a triangular box with upper lattice non-sifting walls, the inner cavity of the box is connected to the outlet of a centrifugal fan, mounted under the front inclined wall of the bunker, and the upper unloading auger has several unloading funnels with rotary valves located along the length of the auger casing, while the bunker is mounted on a trolley and located behind the straw chopper-spreader (RF patent 2287256, IPC A01D 41/02, A01D 41 /133, published on November 20, 2006, Bulletin No. 32). Between the hopper and the grinder-spreader, a furnace with a combustion chamber and a blower fan and a drying chamber with a hopper and a grain elevator are sequentially placed on a trailed cart, the combustion chamber being located under the grate chutes installed in the furnace, and the inlet of the blower fan is equipped with a hinge for the confuser , while the latter is directed towards the straw chopper-spreader. The grain elevator of the drying chamber is made with two inclined outlets of grain, one of which is directed into the bunker and equipped with a rotary valve, and the other into the loading funnel of the drying chamber. Under the triangular box in the hopper, two parallel lower augers are installed, while the augers are located symmetrically relative to the lower head of the vertical auger mounted on the rear wall of the hopper. The top unloading auger is installed above the hopper and is hinged on the top head of the vertical auger.

A disadvantage of the known harvester for harvesting and drying grain is the presence of a trailer, which makes it difficult to move the harvester, especially on wet ground, increased fuel consumption, drying grain in the presence of open combustion.

The technical objective of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the harvester and improve the quality of grain due to the simultaneous collection of grain and its drying to the standard value.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the harvester for harvesting and drying grain, including an adapter, a self-propelled thresher, a hopper with a front inclined wall, a loading and an upper unloading auger, a hot gas supply casing, an engine and a straw collector, according to the invention, is equipped with an electric drive, buffer batteries placed under a gas turbine engine with an electric generator, a grain cooler with a fan and a cyclone are installed above the grain bin.

The invention is illustrated by the drawing, which shows the General scheme of the harvester for harvesting and drying grain.

The combine for harvesting and drying grain contains an adapter 1, a self-propelled thresher 2, a gas turbine engine with an electric generator 3, a grain bin 4 with a front inclined wall, a straw collector 5, a casing 6 for supplying hot gas, a cold air mixer 7, an electric fan 8 of the mixer 7, a loading auger grain 9, cyclone 10, grain cooler 11, grain cooler fan 12, electromechanical drive 13 and buffer batteries 14.

Buffer batteries 14 are located under the engine 3. Grain cooler 11 with a fan 12 are installed above the grain bin 4, and the cyclone 10 is placed above them.

The use of buffer batteries makes it possible to reduce the starting loads of the engines on the generator, the placement of the grain cooler 11 and the cyclone 10 above the grain bin 4 facilitates the supply of grain to the bin 4.

The use of a gas turbine engine with an electric generator 3 can significantly reduce the vibration of the combine, improve the working conditions of the operator.

The quality of threshed seeds of leguminous crops is increased by drying them to the standard value.

The device works as follows.

The self-propelled thresher 2 with the adapter 1 is powered by a gas turbine engine 3, which supplies electricity to the buffer batteries 14, the electromechanical drive 13 of the harvester and its technological mechanisms. The threshed grain enters the grain loading auger 9. From the engine 3, hot gas is supplied through the casing 6, from the mixer 7 with a fan 8, cold air from the atmosphere is supplied to the casing 6. Hot gas cooled to the right temperature for drying grain. The grain drying temperature depends on the moisture content of the grain, the temperature of the surrounding air. The gas rises along with the grain along the auger 9, heating it, then the hot grain enters the cyclone 10. Separation occurs in the cyclone 10: hot air is released into the atmosphere, and the dried grain enters the grain cooler 11. Next, the grain from the cooler is unloaded into the hopper 4 .

A gas turbine engine of appropriate power provides the generation of electricity for the electromechanical drive of the combine and the operation of its technological mechanisms and thermal energy for drying grain.

The use of the device will allow simultaneous threshing and drying of grain to the standard moisture level, spending half as much diesel fuel compared to existing technologies, improve the working conditions of the combine operator by reducing vibration, provide simpler control of the combine, reduce the sound pressure level, increase the reliability and service life of the gas turbine engine, lower environmental impact.

The use of the invention provides an increase in the efficiency of the combine and an improvement in the quality of grain due to the simultaneous collection of grain and its drying to the standard value.

Claims (1)

A combine for harvesting and drying grain, including an adapter 1, a self-propelled thresher 2, a grain bin 4 with a front inclined wall, a loading 9 and an upper unloading auger, a casing 6 for supplying hot gas from the engine and a straw collector 5, characterized in that it is equipped with an electric drive, buffer batteries 14 placed under the gas turbine engine with an electric generator 3, and the grain cooler 11 with a fan 12 and a cyclone 10 are installed above the grain bin 4.