RU2799660C1 - Training simulator for operator of meteorological radio direction finding (radio engineering) complex - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: simulator building.

SUBSTANCE: invention can be used to train an operator of a direction-finding meteorological complex or a meteorological radio engineering complex in complex atmospheric sounding techniques. The technical result is to enable the simulator to develop the operator's skill of quickly capturing a radiosonde for autotracking in the event of its failure during release in the presence of an unfavourable ground wind direction. The technical result is achieved by introducing into the well-known simulator: in the instructor's initial data block, a button with a "Reset auto-tracking" controller (23), a random access memory (RAM) (24) with a RAM controller (25) and a timer (26). Also, the angular displacement sensors of the antenna control system (12) are connected to the RAM controller (25), while information about the angular coordinates of the antenna from the antenna control system (12) is sent to the RAM controller (25). The timer (26) is connected to the operator error controller (18). If, after these actions, the antenna is pointed at the radiosonde, i.e., the angular coordinates differ by no more than 6° (width of the antenna pattern), the timer (26) measures the time interval from the moment the instructor presses the "Reset autotracking" button (23) until the radiosonde is captured by the operator for autotracking. This time interval is sent to the operator's error controller (18) and is used to evaluate the operator's actions.

EFFECT: enabling the simulator to develop the operator's skill of quickly capturing a radiosonde for autotracking in the event of its failure during release in the presence of an unfavourable ground wind direction.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of simulator building and can be used to train an operator of a direction-finding meteorological complex (RPMK) or a meteorological radio engineering complex (MRK) in complex atmospheric sounding (CAP) techniques.

The purpose of the invention is to develop an operator simulator that provides the inculcation of practical skills in working with the RPMK (MRK) equipment without releasing a real radiosonde.

The technical result is to enable the simulator to develop the operator's skill of quickly capturing a radiosonde for autotracking in the event of its failure during release in the presence of an unfavorable ground wind direction.

At present, meteorological support for artillery firing is carried out using the direction-finding meteorological complex RPMK-1 [1], [2] or the meteorological radio-technical complex MRK-1 [3]. In the future, these complexes are referred to as meteorological complexes. Meteorological support consists in carrying out the KZA and bringing the received meteorological bulletin "Meteorological" to the artillery units. In the future, the meteorological bulletin is used to determine the meteorological conditions taken into account when shooting [4, art. 26].

Bulletin "Meteorological Average" is a document that includes average values of temperature and air density deviations from tabular values, as well as average values of wind direction and speed in the atmospheric layers from the ground to standard heights [5, p. 114-115]. The values of standard heights are given in [1, l. 51]. The mean wind at standard height is the calculated wind averaged over the layer from the ground up to the given standard height. The values characterizing the average physical state of the atmosphere are taken as tabular values of meteorological parameters [6, p. 139-140].

KZA is carried out by a radiosonde balloon-pilot method, the essence of which is as follows. A radiosonde, which is a measure of atmospheric parameters, is tied with a cord to a pilot-balloon rubber shell filled with light gas (hydrogen or helium) and released into flight. The ball-and-pilot shell rises up under the action of a lifting force with a vertical speed of 5-6 m/s and simultaneously moves in a horizontal direction towards the wind. In this case, the radiosonde emits a continuous signal, according to which the meteorological complex measures its angular coordinates (azimuth and elevation). To measure the distance to the radiosonde, the transmitter of the meteorological complex emits microwave pulses, which, propagating in space, reach the radiosonde. The radiosonde responds to interrogation pulses in the form of a short pause in its radiation, and this response is received by the radar antenna.

A thermistor is attached to the radiosonde body, with the help of which the air temperature is measured and converted into electrical voltage. This voltage is encrypted into a radiosonde signal and transmitted into space. The equipment of the meteorological complex extracts the temperature from the radiosonde signal and, using the coordinate information, calculates the meteorological bulletin "Meteorological average".

The organization and conduct of a short-term protection program is a complex process that requires a highly qualified operator of the meteorological complex. After the end of the sounding, the operator must have time to prepare the equipment for the next sounding within a limited time, without making mistakes when entering the initial data. The peculiarity of the organization of the CPA is that the pilot balloon, released into flight together with the radiosonde, occupies the airspace, therefore, the release of balloons is carried out on the basis of plans for the use of airspace [7, p. 53.1], which are submitted to the zonal center of the Unified Organization System air traffic of the Russian Federation. The balloon launch point requests permission to use the airspace in the regional center of the Unified System.

In case of a balloon launch delay of more than 5 minutes, the launch can be carried out only after obtaining additional permission from the regional center of the Unified System [7, p. 53.1]. Thus, the untimely readiness of the operator by the specified date can lead to the failure of the KZA, and the failure of the KZA leads to the failure of meteorological support and, as a result, to a decrease in the effectiveness of artillery firing. Therefore, the meteorological complex operator must have solid practical skills in working with the meteorological complex equipment.

It is advisable to instill practical skills in working with the equipment of the meteorological complex with the help of a simulator capable of simulating the elements of combat work at the meteorological complex, as close as possible to real work.

Known artillery meteorological complex, providing sounding of the atmosphere [8, p. 132-140]. It contains a radar station, a control point and processing the results of measuring meteorological parameters, and radiosondes. Operator training is carried out only during real sounding at a given meteorological complex, while the operator gains the necessary experience in conducting short-circuit protection. However, each release of a radiosonde is associated with significant material and labor costs. In addition, the radiosonde occupies airspace during sounding, which requires separate approval from the zonal center of the Unified Air Traffic Management System of the Russian Federation. Therefore, operator training takes considerable time and is associated with organizational difficulties, which is a disadvantage of this method of operator training.

Known simulator signal radiosonde (ISRP) [9, l. 86], which is part of the 1B77 meteorological complex, which allows for training and training of the calculation of the complex without actually releasing a radiosonde. The methodology for conducting calculation training using ISRS is described in [10, p. 125-126]. The disadvantage of this simulator is significant differences from real work on the meteorological complex. These differences are as follows:

1). The position of some controls in simulator mode does not correspond to their position in real operation. So, when training on the simulator, the “ANT EA” toggle switch is set to the “EA” position, while during real work it should be the “ANT” position; also, instead of pointing the antenna at the radiosonde, the antenna is pointed at an arbitrary direction. These inconsistencies lead to incorrect memorization by the operator of the elements of combat work.

2). On the indicator screen, there is no response pause in the radiosonde signal, which does not allow working out the procedure for capturing the radiosonde for autotracking in range.

3). When the simulator is running, an error signal is not generated in azimuth and elevation and, accordingly, there is no information on the monitor screen about the deviation of the equisignal direction (ESD) of the antenna from the direction to the radiosonde, which does not allow working out the procedure for capturing the radiosonde for autotracking in angular coordinates when it is on release point.

4). The values of the angular coordinates and the current air temperature during the flight of the radiosonde do not change with increasing altitude (there is only the possibility of manually setting arbitrary values), which does not allow one to gain the skill of controlling the temperature and wind behavior with altitude.

5) There is no possibility of training the operator to capture the autotracking of the radiosonde when the autotracking fails at the initial stage.

The indicated differences of work with a simulator from real work do not provide the necessary efficiency of operator training.

Known simulator, implemented in the direction-finding meteorological complex RPMK-1 in the form of software (SW) "Simulator 05" [11, l. 80], which makes it possible to train the calculation of the complex without actually releasing a radiosonde.

The disadvantages of this simulator are:

1). Instead of real controls, computer control keys (on the keyboard) are used, which does not allow instilling skills in working with real equipment.

2). When simulating the flight of a radiosonde, a limited number (nine) of simulation trajectories of the radiosonde are provided, which determine the wind profile (wind distribution in height). There is no possibility to form a flight trajectory different from those provided for in this software, which does not allow simulating the flight of a radiosonde under various atmospheric conditions.

3). Operations that require real control of the equipment of the product (pointing the antenna at a landmark or probe, capturing a response pause in the probe signal in range, etc.) are carried out conditionally, assuming that these operations have already been completed, which does not allow the operator to instill real work skills.

Known simulator from the radio direction finding meteorological complex RPMK-1 [11, l. 82-83]. This simulator allows to train the operator in the "Flight on the ground" mode without actually releasing the radiosonde, however, it has the following disadvantages:

1). The position of some controls in simulator mode does not correspond to their position in real operation. This discrepancy leads to incorrect memorization by the operator of the elements of combat work.

2). On the indicator screen, there is no response pause in the radiosonde signal, which does not allow working out the procedure for capturing the radiosonde for autotracking in range.

3). There is no error signal in azimuth and elevation, which does not allow working out the procedure for capturing a radiosonde for autotracking in angular coordinates when it is at the release point.

4). The values of the angular coordinates and the current air temperature during the flight do not change themselves, which does not allow one to gain the skill of controlling the temperature and wind changes with altitude.

5) There is no possibility of changing the sign of the vertical velocity of the radiosonde, simulating its fall after the rupture of the shell, which does not allow the operator to understand the relevant signs and gain the skill of making a decision on the end of sounding.

6) There is no possibility to simulate vertical wind and temperature profiles.

Thus, the standard simulator does not provide for the performance of some important operations that require real control of the equipment of the product (capturing the response pause of the probe for auto-tracking in range, capturing the probe for auto-tracking in angular coordinates, etc.). All this significantly reduces the ability of the simulator to train the operator.

Of the known technical solutions, the closest (prototype) is the simulator for the operator of the direction-finding meteorological complex [12].

This simulator contains control panels BS6.01, BS6.02, a video monitor, a control indicator BSch5.2, a block BS6.4, transmitting and receiving systems with a reference voltage generator, an antenna control system, an antenna with an antenna equivalent and an Antenna-Equivalent switch , a radiosonde signal simulator (ISRS), a computer, an instructor input data block and a simulator controller that controls the simulator operation modes. The computer has a program for calculating the flight path of a radiosonde based on wind data entered into the instructor's initial data block. By introducing this program, it is possible to simulate a variety of radiosonde flight paths corresponding to real wind profiles.

The use of this simulator allows you to eliminate the shortcomings of the known simulators, however, the prototype simulator has a drawback, the essence of which is as follows.

When a radiosonde is released into flight, in some cases, at the initial stage, autotracking may fail due to the fact that, under the influence of a gust of wind, the radiosonde can move towards the meteorological complex control machine. In accordance with [13, l. 15, p. 3.1.2] the position of the meteorological complex should be chosen in such a way that when the probe is released, it moves away from the item 1B44-1 (hardware machine of the meteorological complex). However, during the preparation of the meteorological complex for sounding, the wind direction can change and become unfavorable, this phenomenon is quite often observed at wind speeds of less than 2-3 m/s, when the wind direction is unstable and can vary widely. In this case, when the radiosonde is released during tracking, the required angular velocity of the antenna exceeds the allowable one, and autotracking fails (loss of the radiosonde in angular coordinates or in range). When autotracking fails, the operator searches for and captures the radiosonde in accordance with [11, l. 41, paragraph 3.7.2].

Searching for and acquiring an autotracking radiosonde is a fairly complex operation that requires considerable skill from the operator. The complexity of these operations is due to the fact that the operator, being in the equipment compartment, does not have the opportunity to observe the position of the radiosonde in space, and the angular position of the antenna can only be estimated from the information displayed on the monitor screen. If the operator captures the radiosonde for autotracking for a time exceeding 20-30 s, then the absence of meteorological information from the radiosonde during this period will lead to unacceptably large errors in the calculation of the “Meteorological average” bulletin and, as a result, to a decrease in the accuracy of meteorological preparation of firing. If the operator fails to capture the radiosonde for auto-tracking at all, then the meteorological preparation of the firing will be disrupted.

Thus, it is obvious that the operator needs to develop the skill of quickly acquiring a radiosonde for autotracking in the event of its failure during release in an unfavorable wind.

The prototype simulator does not provide such an opportunity, which is its disadvantage.

The objective of the invention is to develop a simulator for the operator of the meteorological complex, which allows the operator to develop the skill of quickly capturing a radiosonde for autotracking in case of its failure during release.

The functional diagram of the proposed simulator is shown in Fig. 1.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in a well-known simulator, including (see Fig. 1) control panels BS6.01, BS6.02 (10), video monitor (9), control indicator BSch5.2 (8), unit BS6.4 ( 7), transmitting (4) and receiving (2) systems with a reference voltage generator (GON) (3), an antenna control system (12), an antenna (11) with an antenna equivalent (6) and an Antenna-Equivalent switch (5 ), a radiosonde signal simulator (ISRS) (1), a computer (13), an instructor input data block, and a simulator controller; additionally, a button with a controller “Reset autotracking” (23) was added to the instructor’s input data block, random access memory (RAM) ( 24) with RAM controller (25) and timer (26). Also, the angular displacement sensors of the antenna control system (12) are connected to the RAM controller (25), while information about the angular coordinates of the antenna from the antenna control system (12) is sent to the RAM controller (25). The timer (26) is connected to the operator error controller (18). If after the indicated actions the antenna is pointed at the radiosonde, i.e. the angular coordinates differ by no more than 6° (width of the antenna pattern). At the same time, the timer (26) measures the time interval from the moment the instructor presses the "Reset autotracking" button (23) until the moment the operator captures the radiosonde for autotracking. This time interval is sent to the operator's error controller (18) and is used to evaluate the operator's actions.

The proposed simulator works as follows.

After turning on the equipment, the equipment of the meteorological complex automatically switches to the “Waiting” mode [11, l. 26-27] (according to the program embedded in the computer (13)).

The simulator is switched on when the ISRP (1) is switched on by a toggle switch located on the BS6.4 block (7). In this case, ISRP (1) generates a signal similar to the signal of a real probe, which is observed on the control (oscillographic) indicator BSh5.2 (8). At the same time, the ANT-EA switch controller (17) (from the simulator controller) connects the output of the transmitting system to the absorbing load (equivalent) regardless of the position of the ANT-EA toggle switch on the BS6.01 panel (10). On the panel BS6.02 (10) there is a keyboard with which the operator, when working on the simulator, enters the initial data in accordance with [11, p. 3.5.1-3.5.2]. The operator controls the correctness of the input on the video monitor. The entered data is stored in the computer memory (13).

Simulation of the radiosonde flight is performed by pressing the "Start" button located on the control panel BShch6.01 (10) by the operator. In this case, the error signal generator (OS) generates a harmonic voltage according to the angular coordinates (14), the amplitude of which imitates the magnitude of the angular deviation of the antenna axis from the direction to the radiosonde, and the phase is the angular direction of this deviation. The CO voltage is formed by a command from the computer (13) based on the azimuth entered into the instructor's input data block "Probing point coordinates" (20) when the "GON" toggle switch (3) is turned on on the BS6.01 panel (10).

CO voltage is expressed as follows

- амплитуда сигнала ошибки;

- фаза сигнала ошибки;

- частота сканирования диаграммы направленности антенны;Where

- error signal amplitude;

- error signal phase;

- scanning frequency of the antenna pattern;

is the complex amplitude of the error signal.

и информацию не содержит. Комплексная амплитуда содержит информацию о величине и направлении углового отклонения оси антенны от направления на радиозонд.The scanning frequency in the meteorological complex is constant, equal to

and contains no information. The complex amplitude contains information about the magnitude and direction of the angular deviation of the antenna axis from the direction to the radiosonde.

Complex amplitude (2) can be decomposed into components

определяются в соответствии с выражениямиwhich are the control voltages for the power drive of the antenna control system (12), respectively, in azimuth and elevation. Values

are defined according to the expressions

where Δz, Δy are the linear displacements of the radiosonde in the horizontal and vertical planes.

This control voltage is fed into the antenna control system (12) and is used to change the position of the antenna (11) with the help of an electric drive (in Fig. 1, the electromechanical connection is shown by a double arrow).

The response pause shaper (15) generates a pause in the radiosonde signal, the time delay of which relative to the request pulse corresponds to the range to the radiosonde, and this range changes in accordance with the wind profile specified in the "Wind data" block (19). The initial position of the response pause corresponds to the range entered into the instructor's initial data block "Probing point coordinates" (20). The signal corresponding to the position of the response pause is fed to the control indicator BSh5.2 (8), observed on its screen and used to capture the radiosonde for autotracking in range.

In order to train the operator in the ability to quickly capture the radiosonde for autotracking in case of its failure during release, the instructor simulates the failure of the radiosonde autotracking. To do this, he issues a command to the computer (13) by pressing the "Reset auto-tracking" button (23). In this case, the computer (13) issues a command to the “CO shaper by angular coordinates” (14) to generate the error signal voltage of the maximum value. This error signal voltage enters the antenna control system (12) and causes the antenna (11) to throw in an arbitrary direction with a maximum angular velocity. Such an antenna movement reflects a similar picture when the autotracking of the radiosonde fails in real conditions. At the same time, by pressing the "Reset autotracking" button, the elevation and azimuth of the antenna at the moment the button is pressed (the last true angular coordinates of the antenna) are stored in (RAM) (24). Information about the angular coordinates of the antenna in the RAM controller (25) comes from the antenna control system (12). Also, by pressing the "Reset autotracking" button, the timer (26) is turned on, its purpose is to measure the time interval from the moment of failure of autotracking to the capture for autotracking.

During the release of the radiosonde, the operator observes on the screen of the video monitor (9) the angular position of the antenna, which is displayed in a graphical form. At the moment of failure of autotracking by angular coordinates, the operator visually remembers the angular position of the antenna and performs the following actions [11, l. 41, paragraph 3.7.2]:

sets the ZOND toggle switch on the BS6.01 to the LOST position;

sets the manual tracking mode by angular coordinates and range (presses the "MANUAL" key on the BS6.01, sets the "RANGE" toggle switch to the "MANUAL" position);

with the help of a manual guidance unit (URN), it searches for and captures the radiosonde at the corresponding coordinate;

sets the automatic tracking mode (for angular coordinates, press the "AUTO" key on the BS6.01; for the range, set the "RANGE" toggle switch to the "AUTO" position;

sets the “PROBE” toggle switch on the BS6.01 to the “CAPTURED” position.

If after the indicated actions the antenna is pointed at the radiosonde, i.e. the angular coordinates differ by no more than 6° (width of the antenna pattern), the timer (26) stops and the measured time interval is sent to the operator's error controller (18) to evaluate the operator's actions. Next, the atmosphere is sounded in the simulation mode up to the height entered by the instructor in the block of initial data "Maximum sounding height" (22). If the angular coordinates differ by more than 6°, then the capture for auto-tracking does not occur and the operator repeats the actions described above. In this case, the timer (26) does not stop. The total time interval from the moment of failure to successful capture for autotracking is fed to the operator's error controller (18) to evaluate the operator's actions.

After successful capture of the radiosonde for autotracking, the atmosphere is sounded in the simulation mode up to the height entered by the instructor in the block of initial data "Maximum sounding height" (22).

After the end of probing, error codes, as well as the value of the time interval, are transmitted to the computer, where they are converted into diagnostic messages and a summary assessment of the operator's actions, which are displayed on the video monitor.

The proposed technical solution allows the operator to develop the skill of quickly capturing a radiosonde for autotracking in case of its failure during release, and thereby increase the efficiency of training the meteorological complex operator.

Information sources

1. Product 1B44. Technical description. Part 1. BE1 400 063 TO. 2006 y. 216

2. Rudianov G.V., Osipov Yu.G., Saenko A.G., Dyadyura A.V. Device and operation of radio direction finding meteorological complex RPMK-1. Tutorial. - St. Petersburg: RGGMU, 2012. - 168 p.

3. Product 1B27. Technical description and operating instructions. BE1 400 056 TO. Part 1. 1990 105 sheets.

4. Rules for shooting and fire control of artillery. Division, battery, platoon, gun (PSiUO-96), part I. 1996.

5. Konovalov A.A., Nikolaev Yu.V. external ballistics. Ed. Konovalova A.A. Central Research Institute of Information. 1979. 228 p.

6. Artillery course. Book 3. External ballistics. Meteorology in artillery. Complete preparation of data for shooting. Under total ed. Blinova A.D. Military publishing house. - M:. 1948. 288 p.

7. Federal aviation rules "Organization of planning for the use of the airspace of the Russian Federation". Approved by order of the Ministry of Transport of Russia dated January 16, 2012 No. 6 (as amended on December 25, 2018.

8. L.S. Savkin, B.D. Lebedev. Meteorology and artillery firing. Moscow, Military Publishing House, 1974

9. Interspecific radio direction finding meteorological complex. Product 1B77. Manual. Part 1. Description and work. UVDK.462419.003RE. 2018

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12. Simulator for the operator of the direction-finding meteorological complex. Patent for invention No. 2774514.

13. Product 1B44. User manual. Part 1. BE1 400 063 IE. 2006.

Claims (1)

A simulator for training an operator of a meteorological direction-finding or radio engineering complex, containing control panels BShch6.01, BSch6.02, a video monitor, a control indicator BSch5.2, a block BSch6.4, transmitting and receiving systems with a reference voltage generator (GON), an antenna control system, an antenna with an antenna equivalent and an “Antenna-Equivalent” switch, a radiosonde signal simulator (ISRS), a computer, an instructor’s initial data block and a simulator controller, characterized in that the well-known simulator includes: a button with an “Auto-tracking reset” controller, a random access memory ( RAM) with RAM controller, timer; angular displacement sensors of the antenna control system are connected to the RAM controller, while information about the angular coordinates of the antenna from the antenna control system is fed to the RAM controller; the timer is connected to the operator's error controller, while the timer measures the time interval from the moment the instructor presses the "Reset autotracking" button until the operator captures the radiosonde for autotracking; this time interval is sent to the operator's error controller and is used to evaluate the operator's actions.

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