RU2774514C1 - Simulator for the operator of radio direction-finding meteorological complex - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: simulator building.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of simulator building and can be used to train an operator of a direction-finding meteorological complex (RDMC) in complex atmospheric sounding (CAS) techniques. The simulator for the operator of the direction-finding meteorological complex contains control panels BShch6.01, BSch6.02, a video monitor, a control indicator BSch5.2, a block BSch6.4, transmitting and receiving systems; antenna control system; an antenna with an antenna equivalent and an Antenna-Equivalent switch; radiosonde signal simulator (RSSS) and computer. The simulator also includes an instructor input data block and a simulator controller that controls the simulator operation modes. The computer has a program for calculating the flight path of a radiosonde based on wind data entered into the instructor's initial data block. Due to the introduction of this program, it is possible to simulate a variety of radiosonde flight trajectories corresponding to real wind profiles.

EFFECT: level of training of the trainee is increasing.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of simulator building and can be used to train an operator of a direction-finding meteorological complex (RDMC) in complex atmospheric sounding (CAP) techniques.

The aim of the invention is to develop an operator simulator that provides the inculcation of practical skills in working with the RPMK equipment without releasing a real radiosonde.

The technical result is the approximation of the process of the operator's work on the simulator to the real work on the meteorological complex, as well as the expansion of the functionality of the simulator.

At present, meteorological support for artillery firing is carried out using the direction-finding meteorological complex RPMK-1 [1], [2]. Meteorological support consists in carrying out the KZA and bringing the received meteorological bulletin "Meteorological" to the artillery units. In the future, the meteorological bulletin is used to determine the meteorological conditions taken into account when shooting [3, art. 26].

Bulletin "Meteorological average" is a document that includes the average values of temperature and air density deviations from tabular values, as well as the average values of wind direction and speed in the layers of the atmosphere from the ground to standard heights [4, p. 114-115]. The values of standard heights are given in [1, l. 51]. The mean wind at standard height is the calculated wind averaged over the layer from the ground up to the given standard height. The values characterizing the average physical state of the atmosphere are taken as tabular values of meteorological parameters [5, p. 139-140].

KZA is carried out by a radiosonde balloon-pilot method, the essence of which is as follows. A radiosonde, which is a measure of atmospheric parameters, is tied with a cord to a pilot-balloon rubber shell filled with light gas (hydrogen or helium) and released into flight. The ball-and-pilot shell rises up under the action of a lifting force with a vertical speed of 5-6 m/s and simultaneously moves in a horizontal direction towards the wind. In this case, the radiosonde emits a continuous signal, according to which the meteorological radar measures its angular coordinates (azimuth and elevation). To measure the distance to the radiosonde, the transmitter of the meteorological complex emits microwave pulses, which, propagating in space, reach the radiosonde. The radiosonde responds to interrogation pulses with a short pause in its emission, and this response is received by the radar antenna. By the delay time of the response signal relative to the interrogation pulse, the radar equipment determines the range to the radiosonde.

A thermistor is attached to the radiosonde body, with the help of which the air temperature is measured and converted into electrical voltage. This voltage is encrypted into a radiosonde signal and transmitted into space. The radar of the meteorological complex extracts the temperature from the radiosonde signal and, using the coordinate information, calculates the meteorological bulletin "Meteorological".

The organization and conduct of a short-term protection program is a complex process that requires a highly qualified operator of the meteorological complex. After the end of probing, the operator must have time to prepare the equipment for the next probing in a limited time, without making mistakes when entering data.

Failure of the KZA leads to a failure of meteorological support and, as a result, to a decrease in the effectiveness of artillery firing. Therefore, the meteorological complex operator must have solid practical skills in working with the meteorological complex equipment.

It is advisable to instill practical skills in working with the equipment of the meteorological complex with the help of a simulator capable of simulating the elements of combat work at the meteorological complex, as close as possible to real work.

Known artillery meteorological complex, providing sounding of the atmosphere [6, p. 132-140]. It contains a radar station, a control point and processing the results of measuring meteorological parameters, and radiosondes. Operator training is carried out during real sounding at this meteorological complex, while the operator gains the necessary experience in conducting short-circuit protection, however, each release of a radiosonde is associated with significant material and labor costs. In addition, the radiosonde occupies airspace during sounding, which requires separate approval. Therefore, operator training takes considerable time and is associated with organizational difficulties, which is a disadvantage of this method.

Known simulator signal radiosonde (ISRS) [7, l. 86], which is part of the 1B77 meteorological complex, which allows for training and training of the calculation of the complex without actually releasing a radiosonde. The methodology for conducting calculation training using ISRS is described in [8, l. 125-126]. The disadvantage of this simulator is significant differences from real work on the meteorological complex. These differences are as follows:

one). The position of some controls in simulator mode does not correspond to their position in real operation. So, when training on the simulator, the “ANT EA” toggle switch is set to the “EA” position, while during real work it should be the “ANT” position; also, instead of pointing the antenna at the radiosonde, the antenna is pointed at an arbitrary direction. These inconsistencies lead to incorrect memorization by the operator of the elements of combat work.

2). On the indicator screen, there is no response pause in the radiosonde signal, which does not allow working out the procedure for capturing the radiosonde for autotracking in range.

3). There is no error signal in azimuth and elevation, which does not allow working out the procedure for capturing a radiosonde for autotracking in angular coordinates when it is at the release point.

four). The values of the angular coordinates and the current air temperature during the flight do not change themselves, which does not allow one to gain the skill of controlling the temperature and wind changes with height.

These differences between work with a simulator and real work reduce the effectiveness of operator training.

Known simulator, implemented in the direction-finding meteorological complex RPMK-1 in the form of software (SW) "Simulator 05" [9, l. 80], which makes it possible to train the calculation of the complex without actually releasing a radiosonde.

The disadvantages of this simulator are:

one). Instead of real controls, computer control keys (on the keyboard) are used, which does not allow instilling skills in working with real equipment.

2). When simulating a radiosonde flight, only a limited number (nine) of simulated radiosonde flight paths are possible, selected by the operator. Each of these trajectories determines the wind profile (wind height distribution). There is no possibility to form a new trajectory in this software, which does not allow simulating the flight of a radiosonde under various atmospheric conditions.

3). Operations that require real control of the equipment of the product (pointing the antenna at a landmark or probe, capturing a response pause in the probe signal in range, etc.) are carried out conditionally, considering that these operations have already been completed, which does not allow instilling real work skills.

Of the known technical solutions, the closest (prototype) is the simulator from the direction-finding meteorological complex RPMK-1 [9, l. 82]. This simulator allows to train the operator in the "Flight on the ground" mode without actually releasing the radiosonde. The block diagram of the simulator is shown in Fig. one.

The simulator (prototype) includes:

control panels BSch6.01, BSch6.02, with the help of which the operator controls the operation of the equipment;

video monitor and control indicator, with which the operator controls data entry and receives visual information about the probing process;

block BSch6.4, with the help of which the operator turns on the ISRP;

transmitting and receiving systems with a reference voltage generator (GON);

antenna control system;

an antenna with an antenna equivalent and an Antenna-Equivalent switch;

radiosonde signal simulator (ISRS);

electronic computer (computer).

Control panels BSh6.01, BSch6.02 are consoles with radar controls, an alphanumeric keyboard and a mouse type manipulator. The control indicator is a unit with a cathode-beam indicator, which displays analog information (radiosonde signal with a response pause, weather signal, etc.).

The video monitor is an LCD screen that displays digital and graphic information (radiosonde coordinates, measured air temperature, antenna angular position, etc.).

The computer calculates the meteorological bulletin according to the primary data on wind and temperature.

The principle of operation of the simulator is as follows [9, l. 82].

When power is supplied to the equipment of the meteorological complex and the radiosonde signal simulator (ISRS) is turned on from the BS6.4 unit, the latter generates a signal similar to the signal of a real radiosonde, which is output to the control (oscillographic) indicator BSch5.2. This signal also contains a signal about the air temperature, which can be changed by adjusting the “METEO SMOOTHLY”, “GROUGH” and “FINE” on the BSH6.4 block. The transmission system is switched on from the BSch6.01 panel, and a microwave signal is generated, which is fed to the ANT-EA switch. In the simulator mode, the “ANT-EA” toggle switch on the BS6.01 panel is set to the “EA” position (antenna equivalent), while the microwave signal of the transmitter does not enter the antenna, but is absorbed by the load (this is done to protect students in the class from radiation). This is a difference from real work, since during real work the ANT-EA toggle switch is set to the ANT position (otherwise the microwave signal will not be emitted into space). The radiosonde and thermistor coefficients are entered by the operator from the keyboard (BSH6.02 panel), while the computer calculates the temperature in accordance with the entered coefficients and the positions of the “METEO SMOOTHLY”, “COARSE” and “FINE” adjustments on the BS6.4 block. The calculated temperature is displayed on the video monitor screen.

Imitation of the release of the radiosonde into flight is carried out from the BS6.01 panel by pressing the "START" key and simultaneously turning on the "FLIGHT SIMULATION" toggle switch. On this command, the computer generates an increase in range, as a result of which the flight of a radiosonde is simulated.

When working with the simulator, the antenna control system (ACS), which changes the position of the antenna with the help of an electric drive, is in manual mode, so the antenna is stationary and the flight direction does not change, therefore, the calculated wind has a constant direction. This is a significant difference from real conditions, since it does not reflect the actual distribution of wind in the atmosphere.

The computer-calculated meteorological parameters, including the weather bulletin, are displayed on a video monitor.

In the process of simulating the flight of a radiosonde, the following differences from real sounding take place:

toggle switch "GON" does not turn on. This toggle switch controls the operation of the reference voltage generator (GON), which provides the formation of an error signal based on the angular coordinates of the radiosonde. Since there is no real radiosonde in the simulator mode, there is no need to turn on the GON;

the probe is not captured by angular coordinates and range for automatic tracking (for the same reason - the absence of a real radiosonde). The antenna control system and the rangefinder are not switched to automatic mode (these systems are in manual mode when working with the simulator);

on the indicator screen, there is no response pause in the radiosonde signal, by which the range to the radiosonde is determined;

the values of the angular coordinates do not change themselves during the flight. It is allowed to change them within very small limits with the help of controls;

the value of the current temperature does not independently change. It is allowed to change them by adjusting the "METEO SMOOTH", "COARSE" and "FINE" within the allowable limits.

Thus, the regular simulator of the RPMK-1 meteorological complex allows the operator to train without actually releasing a radiosonde, however, it has the following disadvantages:

one). The position of some controls in simulator mode does not correspond to their position in real operation. So, in the simulator mode, the ANT-EA toggle switch is set to the “EA” position, the “GON” toggle switch is not turned on, the antenna control system and the rangefinder are in manual mode. At the same time, during real operation, these toggle switches must be turned on, and the systems must be in automatic mode. Otherwise, it is impossible to autotrack the radiosonde when it is released in terms of angular coordinates and range. This discrepancy leads to incorrect memorization by the operator of the elements of combat work.

2). On the indicator screen, there is no response pause in the radiosonde signal, which does not allow working out the procedure for capturing the radiosonde for autotracking in range.

3). There is no error signal in azimuth and elevation, which does not allow working out the procedure for capturing a radiosonde for autotracking in angular coordinates when it is at the release point.

four). The values of the angular coordinates and the current air temperature during the flight do not change themselves, which does not allow one to gain the skill of controlling the temperature and wind changes with height.

5) There is no possibility of changing the sign of the vertical velocity of the radiosonde, simulating its fall after the rupture of the shell, which does not allow the operator to understand the relevant signs and get the skill of making a decision about the end of sounding.

Thus, the standard simulator does not provide for the performance of some important operations that require real control of the equipment of the product (capturing the response pause of the probe for auto-tracking in range, capturing the probe for auto-tracking in angular coordinates, etc.), which significantly reduces its ability to train the operator.

The objective of the present invention is to develop a simulator for the operator of the radio direction-finding meteorological complex RPMK-1, free from the shortcomings of the prototype, which will provide effective training of the operator, capable of faultlessly performing short circuit protection.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in a well-known simulator, including control panels BShch6.01, BSch6.02, a video monitor, a control indicator BSch5.2, a block BSch6.4, a transmitting and receiving system with a reference voltage generator, an antenna control system, an antenna with an equivalent antenna and the Antenna-Equivalent switch, a radiosonde signal simulator (ISRS) and a computer, additionally introduced: an instructor input data block and a simulator controller that controls the simulator operation modes (Fig. 2). Also, a program for calculating the radiosonde flight trajectory based on wind data entered into the instructor's initial data block was introduced into the computer. By introducing this program, it is possible to simulate a set of radiosonde flight trajectories corresponding to real wind profiles.

The instructor's initial data block is an alphanumeric keyboard, with the help of which the following information is entered into the computer:

wind data (direction and speed of the ground wind, as well as the distribution of wind direction and speed values by altitude);

sounding point coordinates (range and azimuth);

ground air temperature;

maximum sounding height.

The simulator controller contains:

error signal generator by angular coordinates;

shaper response pause radiosonde;

temperature signal generator;

switch controller "Antenna-Equivalent";

operator error controller.

The proposed simulator works as follows.

After turning on the equipment according to the program embedded in the computer, the meteorological complex equipment switches to the “Waiting” mode [9, p. 3.1.2.3].

The simulator is switched on when the ISRS is switched on by a toggle switch located on the BSHch6.4 block. In this case, the ISRP generates a signal similar to the signal of a real probe, which is observed on the control (oscillographic) indicator BSh5.2. At the same time, the ANT-EA switch controller (from the simulator controller) connects the output of the transmitting system to the absorbing load (equivalent) regardless of the position of the ANT-EA toggle switch on the BS6.01 panel. This is necessary to protect trainees and the instructor from exposure.

On the BS6.02 panel there is a keyboard with which the operator, when working on the simulator, enters the initial data in accordance with [9, clause 3.5.1-3.5.2]. The operator controls the correctness of the input on the video monitor. The entered data is stored in the computer memory.

The error signal shaper (CO) generates a harmonic voltage in angular coordinates, the amplitude of which imitates the magnitude of the angular deviation of the antenna axis from the direction to the radiosonde, and the phase - the angular direction of this deviation. The CO voltage is generated by a command from the computer based on the azimuth entered into the instructor's input data block "Coordinates of the sounding point" when the "GON" toggle switch is turned on on the BS6.01 panel. The CO voltage is supplied to the antenna control system and is used to change the position of the antenna (with the help of an electric drive).

The response pause shaper generates a pause in the radiosonde signal, the time delay of which relative to the interrogating pulse corresponds to the range to the radiosonde, and this range changes in accordance with the generated values of wind direction and speed at nodal heights. The initial position of the response pause corresponds to the range entered into the instructor's initial data block "Probing point coordinates". The signal corresponding to the position of the response pause is fed to the control indicator BSh5.2, observed on its screen and used for capturing for auto-tracking in range.

The temperature signal shaper generates a pulse signal into which information about the air temperature is encrypted. The initial temperature value corresponds to the ground temperature entered in the instructor input data block. Further, the temperature decreases with increasing altitude in accordance with the tabular temperature gradient equal to minus 0.006328° per meter of height [5, p. 140]. The temperature signal is fed into the computer and used to calculate the weather bulletin.

The "Antenna-Equivalent" switch controller connects the output of the transmitting system to an absorbing load (equivalent) regardless of the position of the "ANT-EA" toggle switch on the BSch6.01 panel.

The operator error controller captures the erroneous actions of the operator. This controller receives information about the parameters entered from the keyboard, as well as the position of the controls. The operator's error controller generates an error code if by the time the probing starts, the position of the controls does not correspond to [9, clause 3.6.1]. The operator error controller also generates an error code if the operator made a mistake when entering the radiosonde and thermistor coefficients. These error codes are transmitted to the computer, where they are converted into diagnostic messages and displayed on the video monitor. Diagnostic error messages are used to evaluate operator actions.

Imitation of the release of the radiosonde into flight is performed by the computer by pressing the "START" button on the panel BS6.01 and simultaneously turning on the "FLIGHT SIMULATION" toggle switch. In this case, the computer issues a command to the shaper of the response pause to increase the range, and to the shaper of the CO in angular coordinates a command to change the error signal in azimuth and elevation. As a result, the flight of the radiosonde is simulated and the trajectory of the radiosonde is formed in the computer. Changing the range of the radiosonde and the angular coordinates is carried out according to a specially developed program, recorded in the computer memory.

The formation of the radiosonde trajectory by the computer program is carried out by the method of piecewise linear approximation, the essence of which is to replace the real smooth trajectory with short segments of straight lines, the length of which should be so small that the error of such a replacement can be neglected. From the instructor's initial data block, wind data is entered into the computer - the values of the direction and speed of the wind on the so-called. nodal heights. Nodal heights - the term introduced by us, means the heights that divide the layers enclosed between the standard heights into smaller layers. The degree of “smoothness” of the formed radiosonde flight path depends on the number of nodal heights

The initial data for the formation of the radiosonde flight trajectory (which are entered by the instructor) are:

vertical rate of ascent of the radiosonde (V _h ) - assumed to be constant during the given flight;

distribution of wind direction and speed in height, specified as values of wind directions and speeds at nodal heights.

At the height intervals between nodal heights, a linear distribution of wind direction and speed is assumed:

where α(H), V(H) - wind direction and speed at height H; Kα ₁ , Kα ₀ , Kν ₁ , Kν ₀ - linear and additive coefficients that determine the course of the relationship between the nodal heights.

Linear and additive coefficients are determined by linear interpolation formulas:

where α _i , α _i-1 , V _i , V _i-1 - wind direction and speed at the current and previous nodal heights, set by the instructor; H _i , H _i-1 - current and previous nodal heights; i - nodal height number.

The horizontal projections of the radiosonde velocity vector are determined by the relations:

The current rectangular coordinates of the radiosonde at the required height are calculated by summing the coordinates at the previous nodal height H _i-1 with the coordinate increment at the current height:

where Δх, Δу - increment of rectangular coordinates of the probe.

The increment of the rectangular coordinates of the probe at the required height is calculated by integrating the velocity function (7), (8) over time over a time interval in which the lower limit is the time corresponding to the previous nodal height H _i-1 , and the upper limit is the time corresponding to the current height:

Due to the fact that the projections of the velocity vector (9), (10) are functions of height, and in expressions (11), (12) integration over time is performed, then for the corresponding transition from altitude to time (taking into account the assumption of a constant vertical velocity during the entire flight) the ratio is used:

where V _h is the vertical speed of the radiosonde; t - time.

Substituting expressions (9), (10) into (11), (12) and taking into account (1), (2), (13), we obtain:

Integrating these expressions, after the appropriate transformations and the introduction of expression notation, we finally obtain expressions for the increment of the rectangular coordinates of the probe at the current height:

where

Thus, with the help of formulas (9), (10), as well as (16), (17), the current rectangular coordinates of the radiosonde are modeled, i.e. its flight path. The flight trajectory is simulated up to the maximum sounding height entered by the instructor in the initial data block. When the simulated probe reaches the maximum sounding height, the computer generates a negative vertical velocity of the radiosonde and a decrease in the height of the radiosonde, i.e. its fall, upon observation of which the operator decides to complete the probing and presses the "STOP" key on the BS6.01 panel and the "Output" button on the monitor screen [9, p. 3.8.1]. This stops the formation of the radiosonde flight trajectory by the computer.

Based on the generated radiosonde flight trajectory, the computer calculates a meteorological bulletin, which is displayed on a video monitor.

The ability to enter any values of wind characteristics at nodal heights into the instructor's input data block makes it possible to simulate radiosonde trajectories and, accordingly, wind profiles that are close to real, which brings the work on the simulator closer to real conditions.

The proposed technical solution makes it possible to increase the efficiency of training operators by bringing the process of work on the simulator closer to the conditions of real work at the meteorological complex, as well as expanding the functionality of the simulator.

Sources of information

1. Product 1B44. Technical description. Part 1. BE1 400063 TO. 2006 y. 216

2. Rudianov G.V., Osipov Yu.G., Saenko A.G., Dyadyura A.V. Device and operation of radio direction finding meteorological complex RPMK-1. Tutorial. - St. Petersburg: RGGMU, 2012. - 168 p.

3. Rules for firing and fire control of artillery. Division, battery, platoon, gun (PSiUO-96), part I. 1996.

4. Konovalov A.A., Nikolaev Yu.V. external ballistics. Ed. Konovalova A.A. Central Research Institute of Information. 1979. 228 p.

5. Artillery course. Book 3. External ballistics. Meteorology in artillery. Complete preparation of data for shooting. Under total ed. Blinova A.D. Military publishing house. - M:. 1948. 288 p.

6. L.S. Savkin, B.D. Lebedev. Meteorology and artillery firing. Moscow, Military Publishing House, 1974

7. Interspecific radio direction finding meteorological complex. Product 1B77. Manual. Part 1. Description and work. UVDK.462419.003RE. 2018

8. Interspecific radio direction finding meteorological complex. Product 1B77. Manual. Part 2. Description and work. UVDK.462419.003RE1. 2018

9. Product 1B44. User manual. Part 2. BE1 400063 IE1. 2006.

Claims (1)

Simulator for operator of radio direction-finding meteorological complex, containing control panels BShch6.01, BSch6.02, video monitor, control indicator BSch5.2, block BSch6.4, transmitting and receiving systems; antenna control system; an antenna with an antenna equivalent and an Antenna-Equivalent switch; a radiosonde signal simulator (ISRS), a computer, characterized in that the well-known simulator includes: an instructor input data block and a simulator controller; the instructor's initial data block contains an alphanumeric keyboard, with the help of which data on the wind, the direction and speed of the ground wind, as well as the distribution of the magnitudes of the direction and speed of the wind over heights, the coordinates of the sounding point, ground air temperature, and the maximum sounding height are entered into the computer; the simulator controller contains: an error signal generator in angular coordinates, the output of which is connected to the antenna control system, and the antenna control system is in automatic mode, the radiosonde response pause generator connected to the control indicator, which forms a pause in the radiosonde signal, the time delay of which relative to the request pulse changes in accordance with the generated values of wind direction and speed at nodal heights; a temperature signal generator connected to a computer that generates a pulse signal in which information about the air temperature is encrypted, and the initial temperature value corresponds to the ground temperature entered in the instructor's initial data block, and then the temperature decreases with increasing altitude in accordance with the table temperature gradient equal to minus 0.006328° per meter of height; "Antenna-Equivalent" switch controller, connecting the output of the transmitting system to an absorbing load; an operator error controller that generates an error code in case of erroneous actions of the operator, moreover, the error codes are transmitted to the computer and then displayed on the video monitor in the form of diagnostic messages; the computer additionally contains a program that calculates the radiosonde flight trajectory based on the values of wind direction and speed at nodal heights entered into the computer from the instructor's initial data block.

Images