RU2798570C1 - Microwave scouring machine for rapeseed - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: plant for scouring rape seeds in the process of exposure to an electromagnetic field of an ultrahigh frequency is proposed, which contains a vertically located non-ferromagnetic resonator in the form of an inverted truncated cone, with a coaxially located grid dielectric truncated cone, inside which a dielectric screw is coaxially installed, the coils of which are covered with fine-grained abrasive material. Air-cooled magnetrons are installed on the resonator surface. Non-ferromagnetic moderate spirals are attached to the ends of the dielectric shaft of the screw, located in the center in the upper and lower non-ferromagnetic nozzles.

EFFECT: high efficiency in the process of scouring rape seeds.

1 cl, 10 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to grain processing equipment designed to separate the shell of rape seeds in the process of exposure to an electromagnetic field of microwave frequency.

Preparation of rapeseed seeds for oil extraction by separating the seed coat from the oilseed kernel, which allows improving the quality of rapeseed oil and cake, is an urgent task .

Due to the special physical properties: brittleness, low humidity (4-6%), small seeds (1 mm), the use of existing grain crop hullers is difficult [1]. Currently, rapeseed seeds are peeled at enterprises in roller mills, where oil kernels are crushed in large quantities and only 50% of the husks are separated. To reduce the fragility of the kernel and the yield of crushed fractions, rape seeds are subjected to hydrothermal treatment.

There are two main requirements for the process of peeling rape seeds: high-quality separation of the husk from the kernel; preserving the integrity of the kernel. The main fractions are the shelled kernel, the shell (husk) and flour (small particles of the kernel and husk).

For peeling oilseeds, in which the kernel is tightly attached to the shell, a JHP brand peeler is used [2]. At the same time, energy costs are quite high (20-25 kWh / t), equipment is expensive for agricultural enterprises and does not allow high-quality shelling of fragile rapeseed seeds.

Known installation for hulling rapeseed in EMSHF (patent No. 2710063) [3]. It contains a cylindrical body, a loading tank with a sprayer; cylindrical resonator with magnetrons and coaxially mounted rotating discs made of fine-grained abrasive material.

The downside is the difficulty in matching performance between modules. Shelled rape seeds and husks removed through the nozzle are subject to separation.

Known peeling plant (patent No. 2769134) with tiered modules [4]. The first module is presented in the form of a loading hopper above a cylindrical body with a fine-mesh sieve base and spray nozzles. The second module consists of a resonator with a fluoroplastic screw, the helical surface of which is coated with a fine-grained abrasive material. The third module is made in the form of a cylinder with coaxially arranged blades coated with a fine-grained abrasive material. Disadvantage: the modules are interconnected by branch pipes, which reduces productivity and increases the metal consumption and overall dimensions.

A technology is known that provides for mild heat treatment with moistening of rapeseed in a steaming-moisturizing screw conveyor. The installation contains an electric heater and nozzles for water supply. Rapeseeds are heated up to 90°C and moistened up to 9-10% during the movement by the auger [5].

Disadvantage : the convective method of supplying heat to rapeseed seeds does not effectively separate the shell from the kernel, since both temperature and humidity gradients are directed from the surface of the seeds to the center of the kernel.

Existing technologies and technical means have significant shortcomings, so we propose an innovative idea - combining two methods of peeling grain crops (hydromechanical destruction and abrasion of shells) with exposure to EMF in one installation.

We propose to move moistened rape seeds through the resonator, where the EMCHF is excited, using a screw, the surface of the turns of which is covered with a fine-grained abrasive material, which makes it possible to implement the method of peeling by abrasion. During dielectric heating, the shell of rape seeds moistened to 5-7% is separated from the kernel, since the temperature and pressure gradients are directed from the center of the kernel to the periphery. In this case, the integrity of the core is preserved, and the shell is separated and abraded with the help of abrasive material on the surface of the screw turns.

The technical task is to develop an installation for separating the shell of moistened rapeseed seeds due to abrasion against abrasive transporting surfaces and repeated mechanical impact in a gentle mode on a dielectric grid truncated cone during exposure to EMF with subsequent removal of the husk.

The scientific novelty is the design of the microwave unit, which allows, due to the thermal mechanical effect on moistened rapeseed seeds, to separate the shell from the core while maintaining integrity in the process of moving through the resonator.

The technical result of the invention is the separation of the shell of rape seeds from the kernel while maintaining integrity at low operating costs.

In order to solve the technical problem and achieve the claimed technical result, the installation for peeling rapeseed seeds in the process of exposing them to an electromagnetic field of an ultrahigh frequency contains a vertically located non-ferromagnetic resonator, in the form of an inverted truncated cone, with a coaxially located grid dielectric truncated cone, inside which a dielectric screw is coaxially installed , the coils of which are coated with fine-grained abrasive material,

at the same time, air-cooled magnetrons are installed on the resonator surface,

and non-ferromagnetic retarding spirals are attached to the ends of the dielectric shaft of the screw, located centrally in the upper and lower non-ferromagnetic nozzles,

moreover, in the upper non-ferromagnetic pipe installed above the large base of the resonator, a perforated hose is laid coaxially to the side surface,

at the same time, a non-ferromagnetic loading container with a shutter is attached to the upper non-ferromagnetic branch pipe, and the lower non-ferromagnetic branch pipe located coaxially in the non-ferromagnetic branch pipe attached to the truncated part of the resonator is docked to the truncated part of the grid dielectric cone.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings, which show:

- general view of the microwave unit for peeling rape seeds (spatial image) (Fig. 1);

- a general view of the microwave installation for peeling rape seeds in a section with positions (spatial image) (Fig. 2);

- spatial image of the screw 7, the surface of the turns of which is covered with fine-grained abrasive material (Fig. 3);

- spatial image of a fine-mesh dielectric truncated cone 10 (Fig. 4);

- spatial image of the perforated hose 3 (Fig. 5);

- spatial image of the non-ferromagnetic pipe 2 for moistening the seeds (Fig. 6);

- spatial image of the branch pipe for unloading the husk 12 (Fig. 7);

- spatial image of the retarding spiral 4 (Fig. 8);

- spatial image of the retarding spiral 14 (Fig. 9);

- spatial image of the loading tank 1 (Fig. 10).

Microwave installation for peeling rapeseed contains (Fig. 1-10):

- loading capacity 1 with a valve;

- non-ferromagnetic pipe 2 for seed moistening;

- perforated hose 3 for spraying water;

- non-ferromagnetic retarding coil 4;

- electric drive 5 with dielectric shaft 6;

- dielectric screw 7;

- fine-grained abrasive material 8;

- non-ferromagnetic resonator 9 in the form of a truncated cone;

- dielectric grid truncated cone 10;

- air-cooled magnetrons 11;

- non-ferromagnetic pipe 12 for unloading husks and meal;

- non-ferromagnetic pipe 13 for unloading shelled seeds (kernels);

- non-ferromagnetic delay coil 14.

Microwave husking machine for rapeseed (Fig. 1-10) (installation for peeling rape seeds in the process of exposure to an electromagnetic field of microwave frequency) contains in the vertical plane a non-ferromagnetic resonator in the form of an inverted truncated cone with a coaxially located grid dielectric truncated cone 10, inside which a dielectric screw 7 is coaxially installed , the coils of which are covered with fine-grained abrasive material 8. Air-cooled magnetrons are installed on the surface of the resonator.

To the ends of the dielectric shaft 6 of the screw 7 are attached non-ferromagnetic e retarding spirals 4, 14, located in the center in the upper 2 and lower 13 non-ferromagnetic nozzles. The dielectric screw and slowing down non-ferromagnetic spirals are rotated by an electric drive 5 located outside the resonator. In the upper non-ferromagnetic branch pipe 2, installed above the large base of the resonator 9, a perforated hose 3 is laid coaxially to the side surface. A non-ferromagnetic loading container 1 with a shutter is attached to the upper non-ferromagnetic part of the resonator 9, docked to the truncated part of the grid dielectric cone 10.

The technological process of peeling rape seeds is as follows. Pour rapeseed seeds into the loading tank 1, having previously closed its damper and the damper on the unloading pipe 13. Turn on the electric drive 5, the dielectric screw 6, 7, after which the screw turns and the slowing down non-ferromagnetic spirals 4, 14 are set in motion. Turn on the tap to supply water with a certain pressure and volume to the perforated hose 3. Open the valve on the loading tank 1, which allows you to regulate the flow. As soon as uniformly moistened rapeseed seeds to a certain moisture content (6-7%) with the help of a slowing spiral 4 begin to fall into the non-ferromagnetic resonator 9, turn on the magnetrons 11.

Then, an electromagnetic field of microwave frequency is excited in the resonator 9, the moistened seeds are subjected to dielectric heating, the shell of rapeseed seeds is separated from the core, since the pressure and temperature gradients are directed from the center to the periphery, and the humidity of the shell is higher than that of the core. This opposite direction of moisture gradients in the components of rapeseed contributes to the separation of the shell from the kernel, which becomes less brittle. The integrity of the kernel is preserved. The seed coat is abraded by fine-grained abrasive material on the surface of the auger turns during movement and mixing. The speed of rotation of the dielectric screw is consistent with the duration of exposure to EMSHF and the power of the generators. The separated shell in the form of husk and flour (husk and small particles of the kernel) passes through a dielectric mesh truncated cone 10 and pours out through a non-ferromagnetic pipe 12. Rapeseed kernels are unloaded through a non-ferromagnetic pipe 13 using a rotating non-ferromagnetic spiral 14.

The installation provides electromagnetic safety without a shielding housing due to slowing down non-ferromagnetic spirals 4, 14, which simultaneously perform the functions of mixing and moving.

So, the developed design of the continuous-flow microwave unit allows you to separate the shells from the kernel of rape seeds due to selective dielectric heating and abrasion of the shell with fine-grained abrasive material during movement using a dielectric screw screw.

The truncated conical resonator provides a high electric field strength (1.8-2 kV/cm), sufficient for the disinfection of rape seeds. Non-ferromagnetic spirals in nozzles whose diameters do not exceed half the wavelength (12.24 cm) provide radio tightness if the resonator is truncated at the level of the critical section.

In the projected version, it is possible to obtain up to 50% of oil suitable for use in the food industry from shelled and disinfected rape seeds.

Information sources

1. Butkovsky V.A. Technology of flour-grinding, cereal and feed production / V.A. Butkovsky, E.M. Melnikov. - M.: Agropromizdat, 1989. - S. 67-72.

2. JHI Impact Peelers - JK Machinery s.r.o. [electronic resource]. - Access mode: [jk-machinery.ru›mashiny/jhi-udarnye-shelushiteli/], (accessed 03/16/2021).

3. Patent No. 2710063 RF, IPC VO2 B3/00. E.A. Shamin, O.V. Mikhailova, M.V. Belova, M.A. Anisimova, A.N. Korobkov; applicant and patent holder NGIEU (RU). - No. 2019109760; dec. 03/15/2019. Bull. No. 36 dated 12/24/19.

4. Patent No. 2769134 RF, IPC VO2 B3/00. Installation for separating the shell of rape seeds during exposure to EMSHF / Novikova G.V., Prosviryakova M.V., Bulatov V.A., Mikhailova O.V. / applicant and patent holder NGIEU (RU). - No. 2021126132 of 09/06/2021. Bull. No. 10 dated 03/28/2022.

5. Modern technologies for processing rapeseed [electronic resource]. - Access mode: [biagroferm.ru›raps/sovremennyie-tehnologii-…], (accessed 10.10.2022).

Claims (5)

The plant for peeling rapeseed seeds in the process of exposure to an electromagnetic field of an ultrahigh frequency contains a vertically located non-ferromagnetic resonator, in the form of an inverted truncated cone, with a coaxially located grid dielectric truncated cone, inside which a dielectric screw is coaxially installed, the coils of which are covered with fine-grained abrasive material, at the same time, air-cooled magnetrons are installed on the resonator surface, and non-ferromagnetic retarding spirals are attached to the ends of the dielectric shaft of the screw, located centrally in the upper and lower non-ferromagnetic nozzles, moreover, in the upper non-ferromagnetic pipe installed above the large base of the resonator, a perforated hose is laid coaxially to the side surface, at the same time, a non-ferromagnetic loading container with a shutter is attached to the upper non-ferromagnetic branch pipe, and the lower non-ferromagnetic branch pipe located coaxially in the non-ferromagnetic branch pipe attached to the truncated part of the resonator is docked to the truncated part of the grid dielectric cone.

Images