RU2699190C1 - Device for steaming grain - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention can be used in oat grain processing plants. Device for steaming grain contains a housing with a steam distributor installed in it. Housing is oval in cross section, has internal steam distribution jacket with outlet holes and mixing screw, installed on hollow shaft, with outlet holes for steam outlet. Turns near mixing auger are different in height and repeating shape of oval case. Shutoff valve is installed at the inlet of the oval case. At the output of the oval housing the conical branch pipe with the conical unloading auger serves as a shutoff valve.

EFFECT: higher quality of grain steaming due to removal of stagnant zones in working area.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to devices for; steaming grain and can be used in plants for processing oat grain.

Standard technology for processing oat grains involves preparing oat grains for peeling, which consists of separating impurities and hydrothermal treatment (TRP).

The incoming oat grain has a high contamination and has complex structural and mechanical properties. It is difficult to separate the shell from the endosperm during peeling, and the results of processing such a grain are not high in quality. During the TRP, they strive, first of all, to strengthen it by increasing the strength of the endosperm and reducing the strength of the shells (films). Steaming (steaming) leads to rapid moistening and heating of the grain. Moreover, as a result of physico-chemical changes, the structure of the endosperm is transformed, it is plasticized, frailty is reduced, and fracture resistance is increased. Due to the uneven swelling of the components of the grain, the bond of the shell with the endosperm weakens.

The subsequent drying after steaming dehydrates to a greater extent the outer films, which, losing moisture, become more fragile and more easily crack when peeling. In addition, the deformation changes that occur during steaming and drying in the components of the grain lead to peeling of the shells.

Thus, the TRP improves the technological properties of grain, reduces the crushability of the kernel during peeling and grinding, and the biochemical changes that occur at the same time make it possible to obtain products with improved organoleptic qualities that increase the consumer benefits of cereals while maintaining its biological value.

The prior art various designs of steamers - "Method of hydrothermal processing of grain and Steamer for hydrothermal processing of buckwheat grain" (Pat. No. 2388539, publ. 2010.05.10). "Steamer" (Pat. No. 128837, publ. 2012.11.07). “Steamer for grain” (A.S. No. 448030. Publ. 1974.10.30; A.S. No. 5333393. Publ. 1976.10.30; A.S. No. 719688, publ. 1980.03.05; A.S. No. 721117. publ. 1980.03.15; SU No. 1243813, publ. 1986.07.15); "Steamer" (SU No. 1282888, publ. 1987.01.15);

The disadvantages of the steamers are relatively low productivity in the processing of grain cereals, low quality steaming of grain due to the presence of stagnant zones in the working volume of the chamber, which leads to uneven steaming.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved effect is a steamer for hydrothermal processing of grain (RF patent No. 2388539 V02V 1/08 - prototype). It consists of a housing with loading and unloading nozzles. Inside the housing there are steam distribution tubes with additional steam distribution.

The main disadvantage of the above steamer is the formation of stagnant zones of grain that are not subjected to steaming, since the steamer is stationary, which reduces the quality of steaming and labor productivity.

A steamer is also known (RF Patent No. 1288837 V02V 1/08), it consists of a cylindrical body, loading and unloading pipes. Inside the case there is a vertical auger with holes for supplying steam.

The main disadvantage of this design of the steamer is the formation of stagnant zones when moving grain in a constant volume of the chamber, which reduces the quality of steaming grain.

The technical problem solved by the invention is to improve the quality of steaming grain, removing stagnant zones in the working area due to continuous mixing of the product and creating variables for the density and volume of the steaming zones.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the device for steaming grain has a loading case with a feeding screw and a shut-off valve that allows you to adjust the volume of grain supplied for steaming in the oval body. The oval body has a steam jacket and internal openings for steam exit, and in the center there is a hollow shaft with openings for steam output; screw coils are installed on the hollow shaft in height to copy the shape of the oval body to prevent the formation of stagnant zones in the working area with stirring. Unloading of grain that has undergone hydrothermal treatment is carried out by a conical unloading screw through a conical unloading hole of the oval body. The injection of steam into the steam jacket of the oval body and the hollow shaft is carried out from the steam generator through the steam distributor. The feed, mixing and unloading augers are driven by one electric motor.

In FIG. 1 shows a device for steaming grain, a longitudinal section.

The device for steaming grain consists of an electric motor 1, a drive shaft 2, a transfer clutch 3, a shaft 4, which is installed in the loading case 5 having a loading hole 6. A feeding screw 7 is installed on the shaft 4, and a shut-off valve 8 is installed at the input to the loading case 5 into the oval body 9. The boot body 5 is rigidly connected to the oval body 9, and the shaft 4 is rigidly connected to the hollow shaft 10. The oval body 9 has a steam jacket 11 and internal openings 12 for the exit of steam, the diameter of which is smaller than the size of the processed grain. The hollow shaft 10 has openings for the exit of steam 13, the diameter of which is smaller than the size of the processed grain, and a stirring screw 14 is installed on it, the screw turns in height follow the shape of the oval body

9. The oval body 9 is connected to the steam supply pipe 15, which is connected to the steam distributor 16 of the steam generator 17. The oval body 9 has an unloading cone pipe 18 in which an unloading conical screw 19 is installed. The hollow shaft 10 is connected to the steam distributor 16 to provide steam supply.

A device for steaming works as follows.

The electric motor 1 transmits torque to the drive shaft 2, through the transmission clutch 3 and the shaft 4 installed in the boot housing 5. The feed screw 7 is rigidly fixed to the shaft 4. The grain enters through the feed hole 6 to the feed screw 7 and moves to the shut-off valve 8. When creating working pressure, the shutoff valve 8 opens, and the grain enters the oval body 9 having a steam jacket 11 from which steam is supplied through the holes 12 into the oval body 9. The oval body 9 and the screw turns 14 are made in height, I repeat their oval body 9 allows to periodically change intergranular density, which ensures the supply of steam to the surface of each individual grain. The shaft 4 is rigidly connected to the hollow shaft 10, which has openings 13 for steam to escape into the inside of the oval body 9. When the hollow shaft 10 rotates, the screw 14 rotates, which mixes and moves the grain inside the oval body 9 to the discharge cone branch 18. When moving the grain to it is affected by the steam coming from the holes 12, which enters the steam jacket 11 through the steam supply pipes 15 from the steam distributor 16 of the steam generator 17. In addition, additional steam comes from the hole 13 of the hollow shaft 10 connected to the steam by the distributor 16 of the steam generator 17. The grain that underwent hydrothermal treatment through the discharge cone pipe 18 by the discharge cone screw 19 is withdrawn from the device, while the discharge cone screw 19 functions as a shut-off valve.

Claims (2)

1. A device for steaming grain, comprising a housing with a steam distributor located in it, characterized in that the housing is oval in cross section, has an internal steam distribution jacket with outlet openings and a mixing screw mounted on the hollow shaft, with outlet openings for steam exit, and the turns the mixing auger is made different in height and repeating the shape of an oval body. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that at the entrance to the oval body a shut-off valve is installed, and at the exit from the oval body a cone pipe with a conical discharge screw perform the function of a shut-off valve.

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