RU2794575C1 - Machine for combating forest ground fires with soil - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: forest firefighting engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention can be used to extinguish forest ground fires with soil and create fire-prevention mineralized strips. Machine for combating ground forest fires with soil contains a frame with upper and lower hinged devices, spherical disks mounted on telescopic racks, which are successively placed one into the other and fragments of pipes of different diameters connected by bolted fasteners allowing you to change the depth of spherical disks, soil-throwing mechanism driven by a hydraulic motor through a drive disk, support wheels made with the possibility of adjusting the height of their installation using an adjusting screw to change the depth of the working parts of the machine, a protective cover, a soil pipeline. The soil-throwing mechanism consists of a soil-throwing disk, a central flange and replaceable blades for throwing soil, while holes are made in the central flange for installing replaceable blades, and holes in the soil-throwing disk for adjusting the angle of installation of replaceable blades depending on the moisture content and type of soil. At the same time, the soil-throwing mechanism is set to a lower depth compared to spherical disks, which allows it to throw only loose soil particles without affecting its unloosened layer.

EFFECT: increase of efficiency of preventive work aimed at preventing forest ground fires, as well as actively extinguishing edges of a forest ground fire with a mineralized layer of soil.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to forest fire engineering and can be used to extinguish forest ground fires with soil and create fire-prevention mineralized strips.

Known machine for extinguishing forest fires (U.S. Pat. No. 5214867; IPC E02F 5/06; publ. discs, shares. Two rows of rotating discs are fixed to the first frame, with each row of rotating discs driven by a hydraulic motor. Each disk in the rows of rotating disks has teeth fixed along the peripheral edge for loosening the soil, crushing it, as well as cutting and crushing roots and other woody inclusions. The rows of rotating discs are followed by shares for dumping loose soil particles into the embankment. The disc, which is rotatably fixed inside the housing, has a plurality of ribs attached to it, which scoop loosened soil from the embankment and throw it out through the opening in the housing. The first frame is connected to the second wheel frame by means of hydraulic cylinders for raising and lowering the first frame with respect to the supporting surface.

The disadvantages of this machine are the complexity of the design and, as a consequence, the increased cost of its manufacture and operation.

Known fire soil thrower-strip (Pat. RF No. 2541987; IPC E02F 3/18; publ. 20.02.2015), containing a frame, an auger, a ripper, two cutter-throwers installed with offset one relative to the other in the longitudinal direction, the mechanism for turning cutters -throwers in the horizontal plane, consisting of a vertical axis and an external hydraulic cylinder, a hydraulic drive of cutter-throwers, a mechanical drive of the auger from the tractor's power take-off shaft, shields-directors of the soil towards the edge of the fire at a variable angle to the direction of movement of the unit, a ripper fuse and two spherical disks for the formation of micro-elevations in the area of action of cutters-throwers.

The disadvantages of the well-known fire dredger-strip laying lies in the complexity of the design and, as a consequence, the high cost of its manufacture and operation.

Known fire soil thrower-strip (Pat. RF No. 2684940; IPC E02F 3/18, E02F 5/00, A62C 3/02; publ. 04/16/2019), containing a frame with a hinge mechanism, track rollers, spherical discs mounted on racks , milling cutters driven by hydraulic motors. The spherical discs are mounted on one-piece stands, offset in the longitudinal direction relative to each other and with overlap, have a removable cutting edge with semicircular cutouts, made of separate segments, and are driven by hydraulic motors. Throwing cutters are installed at the level of the bottom of the furrow formed by spherical disks. An auger driven by a hydraulic motor is installed between the spherical discs and the throwing cutters. Taken as a prototype.

However, this fire soil thrower has significant drawbacks, including the complexity of the design due to the large number of working bodies, each of which is driven by a separate hydraulic motor. Throwing cutters are installed at the level of the bottom of the furrow formed by spherical disks, which inevitably leads to their contact with the unloosened soil layer and, as a result, to deformation of the throwing cutters and their premature failure. In addition, the volume of soil thrown by the working edges of the milling cutters is limited due to the fact that soil particles can freely fall off their surfaces in both directions, resulting in a decrease in the quality of the operation performed.

The problem to be solved by the invention is to increase the efficiency of preventive work aimed at preventing forest ground fires, as well as actively extinguishing the edge of a forest ground fire with a mineralized layer of soil.

This is achieved by the fact that in the machine for combating forest ground fires with soil, containing a frame with upper and lower hinged devices, support wheels, spherical disks mounted on racks, a soil-throwing mechanism driven by a hydraulic motor, according to the invention, spherical discs are mounted on telescopic racks , which are successively placed one inside the other and connected by bolted fasteners, fragments of pipes of different diameters and allowing you to change the depth of the spherical disks, the soil-throwing mechanism consists of a soil-throwing disk, a central flange and replaceable blades for throwing soil, while holes are made in the central flange for installation replaceable blades, and in the soil-throwing disc there are holes for adjusting the angle of installation of replaceable blades depending on the humidity and type of soil, while the soil-throwing mechanism is set to a lower depth compared to spherical discs, which allows it to throw only loose soil particles without affecting it unloosened layer, and the soil-throwing disc does not allow soil particles to fall off the surfaces of the replaceable blades, which increases the volume of soil thrown by each of them.

In FIG. 1 shows a general view of a machine for fighting forest ground fires with soil, side view; in fig. 2 – the same, front view; in fig. 3 - general view of the soil-throwing mechanism of the machine.

A machine for combating forest ground fires with soil (Fig. 1 and 2) contains a frame 1 with upper 2 and lower 3 attachments, spherical disks 6 mounted on telescopic racks 7, which are fragments sequentially placed one into the other and connected by bolted fasteners pipes of different diameters and allowing you to change the depth of the spherical disks 6, the soil-throwing mechanism 10 driven by the hydraulic motor 12 through the drive disk 11, support wheels 5, made with the ability to adjust the height of their installation using the adjusting screw 4 to change the depth of the working bodies of the machine, protective casing 13, soil pipeline 14. Spherical disks 6 are made with the possibility of adjusting the vertical angle of their inclination with the help of adjusting hinges 8 and the angle of attack - by means of adjusting nodes 9. The soil-throwing mechanism 10 (Fig. 3) consists of a soil-throwing disk 16, a central flange 17 and replaceable blades 15 for throwing soil, while in the central flange 17 there are holes 19 for installing replaceable blades 15, and in the soil-throwing disk 16 there are holes 18 for adjusting the angle of installation of replaceable blades 15 depending on the humidity and type of soil, while the soil-throwing mechanism 10 is installed to a smaller depth compared to spherical disks 6, which allows it to throw only loose soil particles without affecting its unloosened layer.

The machine for combating forest ground fires with soil works as follows.

Before starting work, the operator, using telescopic racks 7 (by changing the position of pipe fragments of different diameters relative to each other), sets the difference between the depths of the spherical disks 6 and the soil-throwing mechanism 10, and using the upper 2 and lower 3 attachments, deepens the working bodies of the machine. After that, by means of the support wheels 5 (by changing the height of their installation with the help of the adjusting screw 4), he regulates the depth of the spherical disks 6 and the soil-throwing mechanism 10 and sets the angles of inclination of the spherical disks 6 (the vertical angle of inclination - with the help of adjusting hinges 8, and the angle of attack – by means of adjusting knots 9). Then the operator, using the holes 19 in the central flange 17, fixes the required number of replaceable blades 15 on it, and using the holes 18 in the soil-throwing disk 16, sets the replaceable blades 15 to the required angle depending on the moisture content and type of soil.

During the movement of the tractor with a machine mounted on it to fight forest ground fires with soil, the supporting wheels 5 copy the relief of the supporting surface, and the spherical disks 6, set at a given depth, form a shaft of loosened soil in the center of movement of the soil-throwing mechanism 10. Following behind the spherical disks 6, but the soil-throwing mechanism 10 installed at a shallower depth directs the loose mixed soil into the soil pipeline 14 and throws it in the required direction, while the soil-throwing mechanism 10 does not touch the bottom of the furrow formed by the spherical disks 6, which makes it possible to protect the soil-throwing mechanism 10 from meeting with the roots and other major obstacles. In addition, due to the presence in the design of the soil-throwing mechanism 10 of the soil-throwing disk 16, which does not allow soil particles to fall off the surfaces of the replaceable blades 15, the volume of soil thrown by each of them increases.

After the passage of the machine-tractor unit, a mineralized strip remains, cleared of combustible materials and preventing the advance of fire.

Such a design of the proposed machine for combating forest ground fires with soil makes it possible to increase the efficiency of preventive work aimed at preventing forest ground fires, as well as actively extinguishing the edge of a forest ground fire with a mineralized layer of soil.

Claims (1)

A machine for combating ground forest fires with soil, containing a frame with upper and lower hinged devices, support wheels, spherical disks mounted on racks, a soil-throwing mechanism driven by a hydraulic motor, characterized in that the spherical discs are mounted on telescopic racks, which are sequentially placed one into the other and connected by bolted fasteners, fragments of pipes of different diameters and allowing you to change the depth of the spherical disks, the soil-throwing mechanism consists of a soil-throwing disk, a central flange and replaceable blades for throwing soil, while holes are made in the central flange for installing replaceable blades, and in soil-throwing disk - holes for adjusting the angle of installation of replaceable blades depending on the moisture content and type of soil, while the soil-throwing mechanism is set to a lower depth compared to spherical disks, which allows it to throw only loose soil particles without affecting its unloosened layer, but the soil-throwing mechanism the disc does not allow soil particles to fall off the surfaces of the replaceable blades, which increases the volume of soil thrown by each of them.

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