RU2794390C1 - Rolling vehicle with underbody coating - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transportation of rock mass.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the transportation of rock mass from a quarry to a processing plant and can be used in the transportation of highly moistened, sticking and freezing rock masses, as well as radioactive materials. Covering the bottom of the body of the dump truck contains a flexible tape (3) placed with a gap above the bottom (1) of the body. The tail drum (5) is mounted under the bottom of the body. The deflecting drum (6) is installed on the unloading edge, the running branch (13) of the deflecting drum tape (6) is located above the bottom (1), and the running branch (14) of the tape is under the bottom (1) of the body. The radius R₀, m, of the bending of the belt on the drums is determined by the dependence: R₀≥ E S/(2σ), where E is the modulus of elasticity, MPa; S - tape thickness, m; σ - allowable tensile stress of the tape material, MPa, and the final radius R_K, m, of the roll is determined by the dependence, m:

, where L_K - roll capacity, m.

EFFECT: invention provides movement of the rock mass and radioactive materials together with the belt under the action of its own weight, with the possibility of unloading the rock mass without tilting the body, which increases the number of vehicle round trips.

1 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the transportation of rock mass from a quarry to a processing plant and can be used when transporting highly moistened, sticking and freezing rock masses to the bottoms of dump trucks, as well as radioactive materials, trucks and other mobile vehicles.

Cleaning the bottom of a body of a mobile vehicle from adhering rock mass is a difficult task, which becomes even more complicated when cleaning from frozen rock mass, since the freezing strength is two orders of magnitude higher than the adhesion strength. The harsh climatic conditions in which the deposits of the northern regions are developed exacerbate this problem even more.

The method of treating bodies with preventive liquids used in railway transport has not found application in road transport due to technological difficulties and a sharp unpleasant odor that appears in the driver's cab and maintenance and repair boxes, as well as due to the appearance of additional environmental complications.

Known mobile vehicle with a coating of the bottom of the body, containing a swivel body with a bottom, a flexible element, the unloading edge of the bottom of the body, cover, locking device, supports. (Patent No. 2760946. Lining, a dump truck body containing a lining, and a mining truck. Published 01.12.2021 Bull. No. 34)

The load braking and load release linings may comprise different materials to provide desired travel restriction and load release characteristics, respectively. All this creates difficulties in using the coating and is costly. The main disadvantage is the direct interaction with the rock mass of structural plastic or flexible rubber. There is no possibility of removal and replacement of lining elements.

Known movable vehicle with a coating of the bottom of the body, containing a swivel body with a bottom, unloading edge of the bottom of the body, a drive device, a locking device, a flexible element, a coating. (Patent No. 2313460. Dump truck. Published on December 27, 2007. Bull. 36)

The main disadvantage is the direct interaction of the bottom with the rock mass. There is a forced shift and cutting of the frozen and stuck rock mass to the bottom of the dump truck.

Known mobile vehicle with a coating of the bottom of the body, containing a body with a bottom, the unloading edge of the bottom of the body, a drive device placed with a gap above the bottom of the body flexible tape with open ends, drive head and tail drums, covering the deflecting drum with a rubberized tape, rollers supporting the tape, locking device. (Patent 2526934. Cargo body. Published on 217.08.2014. Bull. No. 24)

This option is intended for the transportation of piece cargo and is not intended for the transportation of bulk rock mass.

It is also known a mobile vehicle with a coating of the bottom of the body, containing a swivel body, the bottom of the body, its unloading edge, a drive device, the incoming and outgoing branches of the tape of the deflecting drum, the thicknessSAnd bending radiusRribbons,drive head drum and drive tail drum, rolls of tape and a scraper (Application 2022120901 Russian Federation. Mobile vehicle with a coating of the bottom of the body / A. N. Semin, S. Ya. Davydov, V. K. Karpov, D. A. Adykanov; Appl. 08/01/2022; Applicant FSBEI HE "Ural State Mining University" Decision to grant a patent 01/11/2022)

The proposed version of the mobile vehicle is designed for transportation of rock mass in dump cars. The presence of rollers and a flexible tape installed with a gap on the inner surfaces of the rotary sides of the dump cars reduces the usable area of the body and creates difficulties for unloading processes.

The technical result is the exclusion of contact of the bottom of the body with rock mass and radioactive materials during acceleration and braking of a mobile vehicle. Ensuring complete unloading of the body from stuck and frozen rock mass with a slight slope, which increases the number of dump trucks. It is possible to unload the rock mass without tilting the body. The ability to adjust the sliding of the rock mass when using the braking of the drums. If necessary, removal of the proposed coating and its installation on another mobile vehicle is provided.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in a mobile vehicle with a coating of the bottom of the body, containing a swivel body, the bottom of the body, its unloading edge, the drive device, the incoming and outgoing branches of the tape of the deflecting drum, the thicknessSAnd bending radiusRribbons,drive head drum and drive tail drum, rolls of belt and scraper, tail drum is mounted under the bottom of the body, the deflecting drum is installed on the discharge edge, and the incoming branch of the deflecting drum tape is located above the bottom, and the escaping branch of the tape is under the bottom of the body, while the radius R ₀ ,m, the bending of the tape on the drums is determined by the dependence:

R ₀ ≥ ES /(2σ),

where E is the modulus of elasticity, MPa; S - tape thickness, m; σ is the allowable tensile stress of the tape material, MPa, and the final radius R _K , m, of the roll is determined by the dependence, m:

,

,

where L _K - roll capacity, m.

In FIG. 1 shows a view of the coating from the rear side of the body of a mobile vehicle (dump truck); in fig. 2 is a view of the bottom of the body of the mobile vehicle protected by the coating; in fig. 3 is a scheme of covering the bottom of the body of a mobile vehicle; in fig. 4 shows a removable head drum with a flexible belt mounted on the underbody supports; in fig. 5 - rolls of flexible tape wound on drive head and tail drums; in fig. 6 is a section A-A in FIG. 3.

A mobile vehicle with a coating of the bottom of the body (Fig. 3) contains a flexible rubberized tape 3 with open ends placed with a gap above the bottom 1 and sides 2 of the body. One end of the rubberized tape 3 is fixed and wound into a roll 10 on the head drive drum 4, and the other end of this tape is fixed on the tail drum 5 with the possibility of winding into a roll 10 when the drive is turned on (not shown). The head and tail drums 4 and 5 are equipped with drives for the reverse movement of the tape and with the possibility of alternately winding the tape 3 into rolls 10 (Fig. 5) on these drums. The tail drum 5 is installed under the bottom 1 of the body, and the deflecting drum 6 with the scraper 11 is installed at the end of the unloading edge 7 of the bottom 1 of the body. The running branch 13 of the tape 3 of the deflecting drum 6 is located above the bottom 1, and the running branch 14 of the tape 3 is under the bottom of the body 2. The tail drum 5 is designed to tension the running 13 and running branches 14 of the flexible tape. Drums 4, 5, 6 and 3 rollers supporting the flexible belt 8 are installed across the bottom 1 and sides 2 of the body. Supports 9 (Fig. 4) are made with the possibility of removing the flexible tape 3 together with the drums 4, 5, 6.

In order to keep the rock mass from shifting during the movement of a mobile vehicle, its braking and acceleration, the head drum 4 in the front part of the body 2 is equipped with a locking device (not shown in the figures). To clean the tape 3 from the adhering rock mass, a scraper 11 is installed. Protective shields 12 are fixed to the sides 2 and above the flexible tape 3, covering the entire bottom 1 body. Between the side edge of the tape 3 and the sides 2 there is a gap 15 covered by shields 12 (Fig. 6).

The metal of the bottom 1 cools down in the cold, and when it enters a warm shop, water condensate falls on it from the air. When loading warm soil, the condensate freezes with the formation of an ice crust on the bottom, where the condensate flows. When loading warm soil in a warm workshop, the ice crust melts and wets the bottom layer of the material, which soon freezes again and its bottom layer freezes to the bottom. Further, this process continues - a new layer of soil is already freezing to its first layer, etc. This layer is constantly growing. The solution is to isolate the rock mass when loading it in the workshop from the cold metal bottom.

When loading a mobile vehicle, the rock mass falls on a stretched rubberized tape 3, while the head and tail drums must be locked. Stopped and the tape 3. The tape is in the inhibited state in the process of movement, acceleration and deceleration of the mobile vehicle.

To release the body from the rock mass, the drive (not shown in the figures) of the mobile vehicle is turned on, due to which the body 2 takes an inclined position. In the process of unloading the body 2 tape 3 is in the disinhibited state. The body tilts by a small amount of angle . Relying on rollers 8, the tape 3, together with the rock mass lying on it, moves along an inclined plane towards the unloading edge 7 of the body. In this case, the tape 3 is unwound from the roll 10 of the head drum 4, moves with the rock mass along the inclined plane of the bottom 1 along the rollers 8, is unloaded through the deflecting drum 6 of the unloading edge 7. The tape 3, cleaned from the adhering rock mass with the scraper 11, is wound on the roll 10 of the tail drum 5 when its drive is turned on (not shown in Fig.). The rock mass under the action of its own weight by gravity along the inclined plane carries along the tape 3 and together with it goes towards the unloading of the body 2 without sliding along the bottom 1.

Due to the mutual influence of the tape 3 and the rock mass, the process of collapse of the rock mass is greatly facilitated. The joint action of the tape and the rock mass provides an accelerated complete release of the vehicle body from the rock mass located in it. A scraper 11 is used to clean the tape 3 from adhering rock mass. If necessary, to drive the rubberized tape 3, drive head and tail drums 4, 5 are connected to the electrical equipment of the dump truck (not shown). The head and tail drums 4 and 5 are turned on in turn, and the movement of the tape 3 is reciprocating. In the process of unloading, the tape 3 freely lying on the rollers 8 moves together with the rock mass lying on it towards the unloading edge 7 of the bottom 1 of the freight vehicle. After the passage of the deflecting drum 6, the tape is released from the rock mass, cleaned with a scraper 11 from the adhering rock mass, and a clean tape is wound on the drive tail drum 5. In the process of lowering the body into the transport position, the head drum 4 is turned on. The tape is wound on the head drum 4 and unwinded from the tail drum 5 and is re-cleaned with a scraper 11. During the movement of a movable vehicle, drums 4 and 5 are braked. In the case of using a vehicle without tilting the body, the rock mass is unloaded due to the movement of the belt from the drive tail drum 5.

Rubberized conveyor belt 3 retains its performance characteristics. The tape material is not deformed, does not crack or tear. General purpose conveyor belt is universal, since the range of permissible operating temperatures is from -45 degrees to +60 °С.

Rubberized tape is in a taut state on the head and tail drums with rolling bearings. The coefficient of friction of the material on steel (K _st \u003d 0.6) is ten times greater than the coefficient of friction on support rollers with plain bearings (K _p \u003d 0.06). It is known that the strength of freezing of clay mass to rubber is 2-5 times less than to steel. The force of destruction of freezing at shear is greater than at separation for steel by 1.2, and for rubber by 3 times. To combat the freezing of clayey rock mass, a rubberized conveyor belt with a scraper is used on the bottom of the body. (https://tekhnosfera.com/view/398628/a#?page=11)

Dvurechensk slags of different alloys are mixed. Therefore, the task of slag processing includes the separation of metal from slag, metal from metal alloys and slag of one type from another; the method of X-ray radiometric separation has been adopted. This is a highly efficient, environmentally friendly technology based on the results of many years of development of radiometric enrichment methods.

(http://nep08.ru/industry/news/2011/12/13/kof/)

The territory adjacent to the village of Dvurechensk is unfavorable in radioecological terms due to the activities of Klyuchevskoy Enrichment Plant LLC. During the processing of raw materials containing niobium and zirconium concentrates, radioactive waste is formed in the form of metallurgical slags. The main sources of dose formation were both external gamma radiation in places of accumulation of radionuclides, and internal exposure due to the daughter decay products of radon and thoron.

The radiation situation on the territory of the Sverdlovsk region in March 2016 Dvurechensk - 0.12 µSv/h. Yekaterinburg - 0.13 µSv/h D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F-%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82-2016.pdf)

The natural norm of the radiation background is considered to be a value from 0.1 to 0.16 µSv/h. The relative norm is considered to be no more than 0.2 μSv / h, but much depends on the duration of the radiation. An indicator of 1 μSv / h is a lot, but throughout the year it is a norm that cannot be exceeded. (https://poisk.livejournal.com/636840.html)

For the transportation of packages with a surface radiation level of more than 2 µSv/h, motor vehicles must be used under the terms of exclusive use. In this case, the radiation level must not exceed the following values: 10 µSv/h at any point on the outer surface of any package or overpack and may exceed 2 µSv/h only if:

- the body of the vehicle is equipped with a guard which, under normal conditions of carriage, prevents unauthorized persons from entering the guard;

- measures are provided for fixing the charge in such a way that their position inside the vehicle under normal conditions of transportation remains unchanged;

- no loading or unloading operations are performed during transportation. (https://ohranatruda.ru/upload/iblock/741/4293850683.pdf)

The development of transportation of radioactive materials by road can be carried out by the creation of special vehicles on chassis of various carrying capacity, cross-country ability and purpose for the constant transportation of radioactive materials. They must ensure the radiation protection of personnel and the public.

(Methods of radioactive waste transportation molotokrus.ru›sposoby-transportirovki-othodov/)

Special vehicle for transportation of radioactive waste (RAO) of low specific activity in a special container body. (http://www.inruscom.com/catalog/4/261) To ensure the safety of personnel, a barrier in the form of a 5 mm thick lead sheet is installed on the rear wall of the cabin. A specialized vehicle for radioactive waste transportation fully complies with all requirements, rules and agreements on the transportation of dangerous goods and radioactive substances.

For protection against x-rays, a composite material based on a polymer matrix of polyvinyl butyral with a filler of lead oxide is known. The stability of a suspension of lead oxide in a polymer solution is largely determined by the presence of a surfactant. In this case, the most effective surfactant in the studied composition is KD-6 oxide. Its introduction not only increases the stability of the suspension, but also reduces the dispersion time. Polyvinyl butyral is characterized by high radiation resistance, excellent adhesion to various materials, relatively high moisture resistance, plasticity and, most importantly, the ability to form films. Lead oxide absorbs X-rays quite effectively and is significantly inferior to metallic lead in terms of toxicity.

When the body is tilted in the process of unloading the vehicle, the bulk rock mass, under the action of its own weight, carries along the tape 3 freely lying on the rollers 8. To set the rubberized tape in motion, for example, to clean it, one of the drums is connected to the electrical equipment of the mobile vehicle. Protective shields 12 installed along the edge and above the flexible tape 3 covering the entire bottom 1 bodies (Fig. 6) are mounted along the inner perimeter of the body. This prevents the rock mass from getting under the belt 3.

Providing the possibility of movement of the rock mass together with the tape 3 under its own weight allows to reduce the angle of inclination of the body, which will reduce the time of unloading dump trucks, and this will affect the increase in the number of dump truck walkers. The dangerous tilt of the body, which can turn over during unloading, is reduced.

In this case, the radius R ₀ , m, of the bending of the tape on drums 4.5 and 6, is determined by the dependence:

R ₀ ≥ E S /(2σ),

where E is the modulus of elasticity, MPa; S - tape thickness, m; σ - allowable tensile stress of the tape material, MPa. (https://iuggu.ru/download/2013-4-Davydov.pdf)

The final radius R _K , m, of the roll is determined by the dependence, m:

,

,

where L _K - roll capacity, m. (http://mirznanii.com/a/271175/raschet-namatyvayushchego-ustroystva)

Thus, the proposed coating ensures the exclusion of contact of the bottom of the body with the rock mass and radioactive materials. The rock mass and radioactive materials are retained during acceleration and deceleration of the vehicle. Ensuring complete unloading of the body from stuck and frozen rock mass with a slight slope or no body slope at all increases the number of vehicle walkers. In addition, if necessary, the removal of the proposed coating and its installation on another vehicle is provided.

Claims (5)

SUBSTANCE: mobile vehicle with underbody coating, comprising a swivel body, underbody, its unloading edge, drive device, incoming and outgoing branches of the deflecting drum tape, thickness S and bending radius R of the tape, drive head drum and drive tail drum, tape rolls and a scraper , characterized in that the tail drum is mounted under the bottom of the body, the deflecting drum is installed on the unloading edge, and the incoming branch of the deflecting drum tape is located above the bottom, and the escaping branch of the tape under the bottom of the body, while the radius R ₀ , m, of the bending of the tape on the drums is determined by dependency: R ₀ ≥ ES/(2σ), where E is the modulus of elasticity, MPa; S is the thickness of the tape, m; σ is the allowable tensile stress of the tape material, MPa, and the final radius R_TO, m, roll is determined by dependence, m:

, where L _K is the capacity of the roll, m.

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