RU2792895C1 - Feed additive based on the mineral kaolinite to increase the resistance and productivity of rabbits - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: zootechnics; veterinary medicine.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to biologically active additives aimed at increasing productivity, natural resistance, hematology and blood biochemistry of such agricultural animals as rabbits. Feed additive based on the mineral kaolinite contains in its composition, by weight: 29-32% of kaolinite, 28-31% of phosphorus, 26-29% of calcium, 1-3% of vitamin B1, 1-3% of potassium iodide, 1-4% of vitamin B6, 0.65-0.70% of vitamin C, 0.40-0.50% of zinc, 0.35-0.40% of manganese, 0.10-0.20% of copper, 0.10-0.20% of cobalt.

EFFECT: use of the invention will improve the efficiency of absorption of feed components positively affecting the entire body of rabbits.

1 cl, 4 tbl

Description

The present invention relates to veterinary medicine, namely to complex additives aimed at increasing productivity and natural resistance in rabbits. This mineral supplement is administered to rabbits in compositions of the following components: kaolinite 29%-32%, phosphorus 28%-31%, calcium 26%-29%, vitamin B ₁ 1%-3%, potassium iodide 1%-3%, vitamin B ₆ 1%-4%, vitamin C 0.65%-0.70%, zinc 0.40%-0.50%, manganese 0.35%-0.40%, copper 0.10-0.20 %, cobalt 0.10-0.20% (per 100 grams of the drug).

This issue and the search for optimal schemes are presented in the literature.

For example, the work of M. I. Slozhenkin, I. F. Gorlov, A. A. Mosolov et al. (2022) [1]. In which, the effect of additives was evaluated: Laktuvet-1 (the mineral part consists of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus), Kumelact-1, on increasing the productivity of rabbits. The study was conducted on 15 rabbits. Group I was the control group and received the main diet. Group II was experimental, received Laktuvet-1 (0.4 g/kg of live weight) to the main diet. Group III was experimental and received Kumelact-1 for the main diet at the rate of (0.45 g per 1 kg of live weight per day). During the study, the authors found that in groups with the addition of Laktuvet-1, Kumelact-1, no negative effect of additives was recorded. According to the weighing data, there was an average daily increase in the live weight of the rabbits. The greatest results were shown in group III (with the use of the additive Kumelakt-1 at the rate of 0.45 g per 1 kg of live weight per day, from the total feed base) greater than that of the control group by 6.94%; The absolute increase in the II (experimental) group with the use of the additive Laktuvet-1 is greater than in the control group by 3.55%; live weight at the age of 150 days in II (experimental) group more than in the control group by 2.52%; in the III (experimental) group, the live weight is 4.93% higher than in the control group. Morphological parameters of the blood of rabbits: erythrocytes are higher in the II (experimental) group than in the control group by 39.48%; leukocytes in II (experimental) group more than in the control by 0.29%; indicators in hemoglobin are higher than in the control group in I (experimental) group by 10.20%; the total protein in the control group is greater than in the I (experimental) group (because it is greater than in the II (experimental) group)), the control group is 1.27% more (indicators at the beginning of the experiment). At the end of the experiment, the indicators were as follows: erythrocytes are higher in the II (experimental) group than in the control group by 20.19%; leukocytes in the II (experimental) group are higher by 8.51%; indicators of hemoglobin content in the II (experimental) group are higher by 12.22%. The content of total protein in II (experimental) group is greater than that of the control group by 6.53%.

Complete universal granulated compound feed, which includes: alfalfa hay 28-30%, wheat 20-25%, sunflower cake 7-11%, wheat bran 6-12%, beet pulp 6-8%, soybean cake 4-8% , oats 3-7%, corn 3-5%, protein-mineral-vitamin supplement (the rest), under the authorship of Zubochenko D.V., Ostapchuk P.S. and Pashtetsky V.S. (2021) [2]. The authors evaluated the effect of compound feed on the meat productivity of rabbits. 2 groups of 15 females were formed (experiment duration 120 days). Group I was experimental and received the studied compound feed; Group II received compound feed prototype and was the control group. The studied compound feed influenced the birth rate (in group I, the birth rate increased by 2%). The number of weaned rabbits (on the 41st day of the study) in group I decreased by 5.82% (compared to the control group); the safety of rabbits decreased by 8.82%; the number of slaughtered rabbits decreased by 1.32%; average weight increased by 1.58%; daily weight gain increased by 1.43%; average weight (before slaughter) decreased by 2.05%.

In the study of Kosovsky G.Yu., Kvartnikova E.G. and Kvartnikova M.P. (2022) [3], which evaluated the effect of a complete granular combined feed on the rearing of marketable young animals in order to obtain dietary meat. Combined feed contains in its composition: oats - 35.0%; barley - 21.7%; corn -21.0%; sunflower meal - 10.0%; herbal flour - 10.0%; fodder chalk - 1.0%; monocalcium phosphate - 1.0%; table salt - 0.3%. Compound feed is rationed weekly at the rate of g per head per day: 1 and 2 weeks at 100.0%; 3 and 4 weeks - 125.0%; 5 week - 130.0%; 6th - 140.0%. The study was conducted on rabbits of the Soviet chinchilla breed. Of 120 rabbits, 2 groups were formed (60 heads each). In the control group, 1% of the premix of the total amount of feed was used. In group II, complete granulated food was absent. Thus, the indicators of live weight on the 45th day of the study, the indicators of the II (experimental) group were higher by 11.74% than in the control group; live weight on the 60th day of the study was more in the II (experimental) group than in the control group by 0.34%. The average daily increase on the 45-60th day of the study in the II (experimental) group was lower than in the control group by 26.44%; for 60-75 days increased by 22.09%; on the 75-90th day of the study increased by 10.28%. Live weight on the 75th day of the study in the II (experimental) group was higher by 3.79% than in the control; on the 90th day of the study decreased by 1.77%. The absolute increase in live weight in II (experimental) group was lower by 14.02%. The relative increase in live weight in II (experimental) group decreased by 27.41%.

In their study, Yu.F. Drachev, T.M. Minkhaidarov et al. (1995) [4] assessed the impact of alginate production waste as a mineral feed additive for rabbits. The composition of alginate production waste, as a mineral feed additive: ash; nitrogenous substances; cellulose; mechanical impurities; potassium; sodium; calcium; magnesium; iron; manganese; copper; nickel; zinc; strontium; cobalt. For the experiment, 4 groups were formed. The experiment period lasted 78 days. All groups were fed the main food, which contained: barley, oats, wheat bran, soybean cake, chalk and salt. I (experimental) group received 8g. alginate production waste to the main diet, II (experimental) group 10g., III (experimental) group received 15g (in addition to the main feed). Applying alginate production waste to the basic diet as a mineral feed additive, the authors found an increase in the natural increase in live weight. The average live weight (at the beginning of the experiment) in the II (experimental) group was higher than that of the control group by 2.32%, at the end of the experiment by 5.05%. The average daily gain in live weight in II (experimental) group increased by 15% (compared to the control group). The following changes in the morphological parameters of the blood of rabbits were observed: erythrocytes in the III (experimental) group, less than the control (at the beginning of the experiment) by 0.97%, at the end of the experiment there was an increase in the II (experimental) group by 5.62%, which was the highest indicator. At the beginning of the experiment in the II (experimental) group, hemoglobin values increased by 13.99% than in the control group; at the end of the experiment by 20.15%. At the beginning of the experiment in the II (experimental) group, the indicators of leukocytes increased by 0.85%; at the end of the experiment by 0.60%. At the beginning of the experiment in II (experimental) group indicators of total protein increased by 0.26%; at the end of the experiment by 3.53%. The average live weight increased by 2.32% in the II (experimental) group (at the beginning of the experiment); at the end of the experience increased by 5.05%; absolute increase in II (experimental) group increased by 14.51%; the average daily increase increased by 15.18%.

Known feed additive "Seleben" Yapparova I. A., Yapparova A. Kh. and Antipova V. A. (2011) [5], the authors tested the feed additive "Seleben" and evaluated the effect of the additive on protein (increases the amount of total protein and blood glucose), carbohydrate, vitamin, and mineral metabolism. During the study, the authors found an increase in the overall resistance of the organism, as well as the phagocytic activity of leukocytes; live weight gain (increased by 39.3%); slaughter yield (increased by 2.4%). To obtain a feed additive, a bentonite preparation and diacetophenonyl selenide are used in the form of a mixture of fine powders (in the proportion of bentonite from 8 g to 13 g, diacetophenonyl selenide - from 1 mg to 3 mg). The resulting feed additive is introduced into the diet, mixing with the feed in an amount of 1-2% (in relation to the dry weight of the feed). The feed additive is administered to rabbits at a dosage of 2% of the total diet.

The invention of Ismailov A. Akmalkhanov Sh.A., Dmitrochenko A.P. can be taken as the closest analogue. et al. (1972) [6] which is a feed mineral additive in the form of waste of spent bleaching clay. The feed additive contains fats and minerals that can be used as an additive in feeding rabbits. Waste bleaching clay in its composition has: total fat 30-40%, acid number of fat 12-20 mg, tocopherols 1.2-1.3%, sterols 0.6%, carotenoids 0.01%, SiO ₂ 50-65 %, aluminum oxide 13-21%, iron oxide 0.1-7%, magnesium oxide 0.1-4%, calcium oxide 0.1-2.5%. Rabbits received spent bleaching clay in the amount of 1-3% of the feed. The weight gain of rabbits in the experimental groups was greater than in the control group by 5.7-6.7%.

The main disadvantage of this feed additive is the lack of influence on the indicators of natural resistance and correction of hematology and blood biochemistry of rabbits, which entails the involvement of additional feed additives that can influence and correct these indicators.

The purpose of this supplement is to increase the productive qualities, natural resistance, hematological and biochemical parameters of rabbits by activating the mineral, carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism in the body of rabbits, stimulating biochemical processes, correcting the immune status, which ultimately helps to increase productivity and sustainability. animal organism to diseases, which is reflected in hematology and blood biochemistry.

The solution of the problem is achieved by the fact that in order to increase productivity, natural resistance, hematological and biochemical parameters of rabbits, a feed additive is introduced into the feed, containing in its composition by weight: kaolinite 29% -32%, phosphorus 28% -31%, calcium 26% -29 %, vitamin B1 1%-3%, potassium iodide 1%-3%, vitamin B6 1%-4%, vitamin C 0.65%-0.70%, zinc 0.40%-0.50%, manganese 0.35% - 0.40%, copper 0.10-0.20%, cobalt 0.10-0.20%, with each successive feeding once a day, based on the daily dose throughout the entire fattening period, with the aim of increasing productivity, natural resistance, hematological and biochemical parameters of rabbits. The feed supplement must be given to rabbits for 5 months, against the background of the use of an adequate diet that provides the physiological need of animals for nutrients and biologically active substances.

The technical result of the proposed proposal is due to the fact that the introduction of the specified feed additive into the feed has a versatile effect on the entire body and on metabolic processes.

The result is possible due to the direct action of the feed additive, which contains: kaolinite, phosphorus, calcium, vitamin B ₁ , potassium iodide, vitamin B ₆ , vitamin C, zinc, manganese, copper, cobalt.

In the patent and scientific and technical literature, the mention of adding kaolinite feed additive in order to increase the productivity and natural resistance of rabbits was not found, which suggests the presence of an inventive step of the proposal and novelty.

The feed additive is a white, odorless powder.

The main part of the feed additive is white kaolinite mineral, chemical formula Al ₄ [Si ₄ O ₁₀ ](OH) ₈ ; contains Al ₂ O ₃ (39.5%), SiO ₂ (46.5%) and H ₂ O (14%). The mineral kaolinite is mined in the Russian Federation in the Chelyabinsk region, the Kyshtymskoye deposits are being developed, the Zhuravliny Log deposit in the Uvelsky district, in the Eleninsky in the Kartalinsky region, it is found in the Urals (Kyshtymskoye, Yeleninskoye, etc.), in Western Siberia (Tuganskoye), in Eastern Siberia ( Baleiskoye), in the Far East (Chalganskoye).

Table 1 - Characteristics of the mineral kaolinite Parameter Index thermal conductivity 0.7-0.9 W/m°C. density 1 300 kg/m ³ - 2 300 kg/m ³ Melting temperature 1700°C Transparency translucent (opaque)

Due to the absorption of constituent components in the small intestine and stomach, this feed additive is able to increase production indicators and indicators of natural resistance, as well as correct hematology and blood biochemistry indicators due to the normalization of metabolic processes.

pharmachologic effect

This feed additive, due to the presence of the mineral kaolinite (absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract), as a result of which (due to the presence of aluminum in the composition of the mineral), the acidity of gastric contents in the body is reduced (neutralizing hydrochloric acid, which is used in insufficiency of gastric secretion). Also, silicon, which is absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, the supplement helps the body to absorb mineral salts and vitamins, thereby having a positive effect on the immune system, strengthening blood vessels. Absorbed in the small intestine, phosphorus plays a supporting role in the acid-base balance of the circulatory system, resulting in normal absorption, interstitial metabolism of a number of substances and proteins that are actively involved in the regulation of metabolism, protecting the body from pathogenic agents. Under the influence of the above factors, an increase in hemoglobin in the blood occurs, which is a sign of an increase in tissue oxygenation and tissue respiration. A feed additive based on the mineral kaolinite, due to the presence of calcium, reduces the excitability of nerve centers, which increases the correct and uninterrupted transmission of nerve impulses. Also, the action of calcium in the supplement reduces cell permeability, stimulates the activity of the normal functioning of the heart, and the actomyosin enzyme is activated, which causes the contraction of muscle fibers. Ingestion of thiamine (present in the supplement) is absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. Thiamine in the form of thiamine pyrophosphate is a coenzyme of enzymes that catalyze the decarboxylation of keto acids in tissues, and also in the form of cocarboxylase it takes part in the formation of many enzymes that break down polysaccharides (primarily fiber), resulting in the formation of glucose (it enters the liver with blood flow, where glycogen is formed). ). As a result, a pronounced positive effect on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism is manifested. Thiamine takes an active part in the production of acetylcholine, which has a positive effect on the normalization of the activity of the central nervous system. Potassium iodide, getting into the body of a rabbit, is absorbed in the small intestine. After that, iodine manifests itself as a component (together with the amino acid tyrosine) for the formation of thyroid hormones (triiodothyronine, thyroxine and thyrocalcitonin). As a result, there is a direct effect on oxidative processes and the release of carbon dioxide, resulting in an increase in basal metabolism, heat generation, sexual activity and secretory activity of the thyroid gland. As a result of the activation of the action of thyroid hormones, an increase in the amount of VFAs (volatile fatty acids) occurs, and under the action of acetic acid, the absorption of many substances into the blood, including glucose, increases. Under the action of the hormone thyrocalcitonin, the function of osteoblasts forming bone tissue is activated, thereby increasing the use of calcium, which is complemented by the action of calcium iodides present in the calcium supplement. There is an effect on the parathyroid gland and in particular on the functional activity of parathyroid hormone, which enhances the absorption of calcium. In view of this fact, the complexity of the action of this additive is manifested. The presence of potassium in the feed additive has an effect (affecting the glomerular zone) on the adrenal hormone - aldosterone, thereby the additive has a direct effect on water-salt metabolism and acid-base ratio. Pyridoxine present in the feed additive (absorbed in the jejunum) is involved in protein metabolism, supports the regulation of fat metabolism, which positively affects lipid metabolism in the composition of cell membranes, the nuclear membrane and a number of microsome organelles, which are fragments of cell membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria involved in the processes of respiration and phosphorylation. In this case, the effect is on the regulation of heat balance, the exchange of amino acids that form muscle tissues. Ascorbic acid, being absorbed in the duodenum and jejunum, enters the liver, then to other organs. Due to the presence of ascorbic acid in the feed additive, the level of breakdown of complex carbohydrates increases as a result of the activation of the amylase enzyme, thereby improving digestion. It also activates arginase, which conducts biochemical processes, ridding the body of ammonia, produces hormones of the adrenal cortex of the medulla cells norepinephrine and adrenaline, thereby having a positive effect on the activity of the cardiovascular system. The level of regulation of capillary permeability increases. The presence of zinc in the feed additive is aimed at preventing inflammatory lesions of the mucous membranes, and also has a regulatory effect of the carbonic anhydrase enzyme, which produces acid in the gastric mucosa, promotes hydration in the cells of the renal tubules. Manganese is absorbed into the body of rabbits with blood in the liver and serves to turn on certain enzymatic processes in the body that are associated with the metabolism of carbohydrates, and are found in the body in the form of glycogen polysaccharides deposited in the liver and muscles. There is a positive effect on the secretion of the hormone insulin, and on the hormones of the mucous membrane, which contributes to the normalization of the synthesis of substances. The absorption of copper present in the supplement occurs in the duodenum and stomach. The copper received with the additive is involved in the formation of such an enzyme as ceruloplasmin, resulting in positive effects on the processes of iron metabolism in the body. Under the action of the microelements included in the supplement, the enzyme dopamine is formed, which is catalyzed and converted into norepinephrine, as a result of which the impulse transmission through the synapse improves and carbohydrate metabolism is stimulated. Absorbed in the duodenum, cobalt promotes the synthesis of vitamin B ₁₂ (cyanocobalamin), resulting in an effect on the regulation of blood circulation. Under the action of the additive in the stomach, the formation of the enzyme aminopolypeptidase is stimulated, which affects the catalyzing breakdown of protein breakdown products.

TESTING THE EFFICIENCY OF THE FEED ADDITIVE

Approbation of the effectiveness of the feed additive based on the mineral kaolionite was carried out on white giant rabbits. 2 groups were formed, distributed by 40 rabbits each (selection was carried out according to the method of pairs-analogues). The rabbits of the experimental group, in addition to the main diet, received a feed additive consisting of the mineral additive kaolinite at the rate of 3.5 g. per 1 kg of live weight. The rabbits of the second group received only the basic diet and were the control. Both groups received water ad libitum. The microclimate indicators during the experiment were within the normative values. During the whole experience, the groups took into account the results of biochemical and hematological studies, indicators of natural resistance. What indicates this approbation in tables 2,3,4.

Table 2 - Hematological parameters of blood of rabbits Index Control group Experienced group Hemoglobin, g/l 110.34±0.187 115.82±0.956*** Erythrocytes, 10 ¹² /l 5.10±0.342 5.33±0.635

Note: * - P<0.05; ** - P<0.01; *** - Р< 0.001 in relation to control

During the analysis of hemoglobin content indicators, the following results were recorded: the experimental group was higher than the control group by 4.96%; Erythrocytes: the experimental group was 4.5% higher than the control group.

Table 3 - Biochemical parameters of blood serum Index Control
group Experienced group Total protein, g/l 67.44±0.350 69.15±0.715* Calcium, mmol/l 2.38±0.456 2.53±0.342 Inorganic phosphorus, mmol/l 0.863±0.350 0.876±0.346

Note: * - P<0.05; ** - P<0.01; *** - Р< 0.001 in relation to control

Analyzing the total protein content, the following results were revealed: the experimental group was higher than the control group by 2.53%; indicators of calcium content: the experimental group was higher than the control group by 6.3%; indicators of the phosphorus content of the experimental group was higher than the control by 1.5%.

Table 4 - Indicators of natural resistance of rabbits Index Control group Experienced group Phagocytic activity, % 47.11±0.43 57.25±0.53*** Bactericidal activity, % 66.93±0.67 76.61±0.45*** Lysozyme activity, kg/µl 45.72±0.24 63.45±0.56***

Note: * - P<0.05; ** - P<0.01; *** - Р< 0.001 in relation to control

As a result of the study of indicators of phagocytic activity, the following results were recorded: the experimental group was higher than the control group by 21.51%; indicators of the content of bactericidal activity: the experimental group was higher than the control by 14.46%; indicators of the content of lysozyme activity: the experimental group was higher than the control by 38.77%.

Thus, the conducted testing allows us to conclude that the use of a feed additive based on the mineral kaolinite increases the productive qualities, natural resistance, hematological and biochemical blood parameters in rabbits.

Information sources

1. Pat. RU 2765690C1 Method for increasing the productivity of rabbits / Slozhenkina M.I., Gorlov I.F., Mosolov A.A., Semenova I.A., Knyazhechenko O.A., Zolotareva A.G., Karpenko E.V. - Publ . 02.02.2022.

2. Pat. RU 2748473C1 Complete universal granular compound feed for all sex and age groups of rabbits / Zubochenko DV, Ostapchuk PS, Pashtetsky VS, - Publ. 05/26/2021.

3. Pat. RU 2765125 Method of feeding young rabbits / Kosovsky G. Yu., Kvartnikova E. G., Kvartnikov M. P., - Publ. 25.01.2022.

4. Pat. RU 2040186C1 Mineral feed additive for rabbits / Drachev Yu.F., Minkhaydarov T.M., Dracheva V.M., Podkorytova A.V., Zimina L.S. Kushcheva O.A., - Publ. 07/25/1995.

5. Pat. EN 2432774 C2. Feed additive "Seleben" / Yapparov I. A., Yapparov A. Kh., Antipov V. A., - Publ.10.11.2011.

6. Pat. SU 328908 A1. Feed additive for farm animals / Ismailova A., Akmalkhanova Sh.A., Dmitrochenko A.P., - Publ. 11/09/1972, Bull. No. 7.

Claims (1)

Feed additive based on the mineral kaolinite to increase the productivity and natural resistance of rabbits, which is an odorless white powder, 100 g of which contains the composition of the ingredients in the following ratio, wt.%: kaolinite 29-32%, phosphorus 28-31%, calcium 26-29%, vitamin B1 1-3%, potassium iodide 1-3%, vitamin B6 1-4%, vitamin C 0.65-0.70%, zinc 0.40-0.50%, manganese 0, 35-0.40%, copper 0.10-0.20%, cobalt 0.10-0.20%.