RU2792354C1 - Method for obtaining organomineral complex fertilizer - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method of obtaining organic-mineral complex humic fertilizer is characterized by the fact that in 600 ml of water with vigorous stirring and heating from 20°C 214 g of carbamide (NH₂)₂CO or 25 g of boric acid (H₃BO₃) or a mixture of 25 g of boric acid (H₃BO₃) and 214 g of carbamide (NH₂)₂CO is dissolved to obtain a solution, to the resulting solution 50 ml of a 2% liquid humic extract is added, or 6 g of ammonium molybdate (NH₄)₂ MoO₄ are dissolved in 600 ml of water with vigorous stirring, 2.5 g of potassium hydroxide (KOH) are added, 25 g of boric acid are added (H₃BO₃) and intensively stirred to obtain a solution, 50 ml of a 2% liquid humic extract is added to the resulting solution, or 44 ml of 85% o-phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄) is added to 600 ml of water, stirred and neutralized 60 g of potassium hydroxide (KOH) to obtain a solution, 50 ml of a 2% liquid humic extract is added to the resulting solution, or in 400 ml of water with vigorous stirring and heating from 20°C 90 g of carbamide (NH₂)₂ CO and 85 g of potassium nitrate KNO₃ are dissolved to obtain a solution, 500 ml of a 2% liquid humic extract is added to the resulting solution, and a liquid humic extract with a concentration of sodium or potassium of not more than 15 % or their absence to obtain a liquid humic extract in the final product — 0.1% or 1%, while controlling the pH and homogeneity of the solution by light scattering.

EFFECT: invention makes it possible to create a method for producing water-soluble complex fertilizers containing chelate complexes of humic substances with the necessary trace elements of plant nutrition without the use of additional chelating agents.

1 cl, 6 ex

Description

The invention relates to the production of complex organomineral fertilizers and can be used for the production of chelate complexes of microelements with humic acids.

Microelements are an important link in plant nutrition. Having a positive effect on the accumulation of proteins and carbohydrates, increasing the adaptive capacity of plants to adverse weather conditions and resistance to diseases, they significantly improve the quality of the crop [1, 2]. The ease of assimilation of trace elements by plants depends on their mobility, stability and solubility. Chelate compounds have the necessary properties. For example, chelates based on humic acids are assimilated 4 times more efficiently than traditional fertilizers [3]. The production of organomineral chelate fertilizers based on humic substances in Russia is in its infancy and, therefore, their production, and the assessment of the effectiveness of the application is relevant. Any raw material can be chosen as the initial humic component in the preparation of chelate complexes based on them. However, such compounds will be formed most effectively in the absence of additional background ions, such as sodium and potassium [4].

A method of obtaining peat granulated fertilizer with mineral components is known (RF patent 2102362, C05F 11/02, publ. 20.01.1998). The composition of the fertilizer includes peat, lime flour, carbamide, phosphate, boric acid, copper sulphate, ammonium molybdate, sources of potassium, magnesium, manganese and zinc, hardening additives cement and soluble cellulose ether carboxymethylcellulose.

The disadvantage of this method is that at the first stage, humic-containing components are mixed with an aqueous solution of mineral substances that create an acidic reaction. As a result of creating such an environment, humic acids contained in peat are not able to dissolve and react with aqueous solutions of microelements. The final product is a mechanical mixture of organic and mineral components.

There is a known method for producing a complex humic fertilizer based on the extraction of a water-soluble fraction of humic acids (fulvic acids) from brown coal by mixing the resulting extract with solutions of nitrates and sulfates of iron, zinc, copper, manganese, magnesium and cobalt in the presence of hydroxycarboxylic acids (citric, malic, ascorbic etc.) and subsequent treatment of the resulting mixture with anhydrous ammonia to pH values of 7.7-9.0 in order to stabilize water-soluble chelate complexes (patent US 4786307, C05F 11/02, publ. 22.11.1988).

The disadvantage of this method is the use of hydroxycarboxylic acids as chelating agents, which significantly increases the cost of the product, and makes this method expensive and technically difficult to implement.

An organomineral fertilizer is known containing macronutrients nitrogen and sulfur, the trace element boron, trace elements of iron, zinc, copper, cobalt, manganese in a chelate form formed by the interaction of metals with a chelating agent, while L-aspartic acid is chosen as a chelating agent, and the fertilizer additionally contains molybdenum and carbon at the following ratio of initial components (wt.%): iron L-aspartate - 31.9-47.9, zinc L-aspartate - 13.9-20.9, copper L-aspartate - 5.9-8 .9, cobalt L-aspartate 0.6-1.0, manganese L-aspartate - 15.3-22.9, boron - 2.08-3.12, molybdenum - 0.008-0.012, nitrogen - 7.7- 11.5, sulfur - 4.4-6.6, carbon - 13.1-19.7 (RF patent 2757604, C05D 9/02, published 10/19/2021). Organo-mineral fertilizer is used in the method of processing vegetable and melon crops for pre-sowing treatment of seeds or tubers or bulbs. The proposed organo-mineral fertilizer and method of processing crops provides an acceleration of the process of formation of seedlings and root mass while improving the quality of agricultural products and increasing productivity. However, the use of a large number of components in the production of fertilizer significantly complicates the process of their production, making it labor-intensive and expensive.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed invention is a method for producing fertilizers based on mixing alkali metal humates with sulfates of iron, copper, manganese, zinc and cobalt, as well as boric acid and salts of molybdic acid (RF patent 2237643, C05F 11/02, publ. 10.10.2004). Mixing salts of trace elements with alkali metal humates is carried out in the form of their aqueous solutions at a pH value in the range of 7.0-7.8. The total amount of milligram equivalents of metals added in the form of sulfates should not exceed 30% of the exchange capacity of the alkali metal humate solution and is determined by the formula С = (4100-С ₀ ) 0.3 Сg, where С is the maximum allowable number milligram equivalents of metals added to the alkali metal humate solution, mg-eq / kg, C ₀ - number of milligram equivalents of polyvalent metals contained in the initial solution of alkali metal humate, mg-eq / kg, Cr - concentration of alkali metal humate in the initial solution. At the same time, solutions of sulfates of trace elements, as well as, if necessary, boric acid, are introduced into the sodium humate solution gradually with constant stirring and pH control, to maintain which potassium carbonate is added to the mixture in an amount that allows you to keep the pH value in the specified range at the moment the pH approaches the lower of the specified limits. EFFECT: invention makes it possible to obtain water-soluble chelate complexes of humic acids with polyvalent metals, which can be used as fertilizers.

The described method is selected as a prototype. The disadvantages of this method are:

1. the absence in the method of obtaining a method for taking into account the presence of various functional groups (except for carboxyl groups), which are involved in the formation of bonds between metals and humic substances. Determining the number of all functional groups in natural objects is a laborious process, and their content changes without obvious patterns. In tasks that require taking into account the number and structure of compounds of trace elements with organic molecules of natural origin, the constant determination of all functional groups remains objective, however, in other cases, checking for sediment content is sufficient;

2. The use of additional calculations and preparatory technological operations when introducing mineral components leads to the complication of the entire process, an increase in production time and cost.

The objective of the present invention is to create a method for obtaining water-soluble complex fertilizers containing chelate complexes of humic substances with the necessary trace elements of plant nutrition without the use of additional chelating agents.

The difficulty of solving this problem is due to the fact that the formation of chelate complexes of humic substances and mineral components is hindered by the presence of ions of alkali metal humates, a high pH of more than 9 or a low pH of less than 4, and different solubility of mineral substances. These factors can lead to the formation of an undesirable precipitate during the preparation of chelates.

The problem is solved by the fact that when obtaining an organomineral fertilizer (OMF) by mixing mineral components with a liquid humic extract during heating (preferably), stirring, monitoring the homogeneity of the solution, pH, it is necessary to control the content of potassium and sodium ions as background ions by any known method, the amount humic substances, introduction of macro- and micronutrients.

The proposed method is able to reduce labor intensity and reduce the amount of reagents used.

The method is carried out as follows. The necessary mineral substance is dissolved in water, taking into account its solubility, intensively mixed while maintaining the temperature from +5 ^° C until the initial substance is completely dissolved. Homogeneity is checked visually. If necessary, the solution is heated. A solution of a liquid humic substance (extract) obtained by any method is slowly added to the resulting solution, with a concentration of sodium or potassium of not more than 15% or their absence. The humic substance is added in the amount necessary to obtain a humic acid content of at least 0.1% in the final product. The solution is stirred, its pH and homogeneity are controlled by light scattering. In the final product, the pH should be in the range of 6.5-9.

In the claimed method, with stirring until complete homogeneity, the solution is heated not above the boiling point. Trace elements are introduced by introducing, when mixing, components containing elements of acid and/or base and/or salt.

The claimed method is illustrated by the following examples.

Example 1

To obtain an organo-mineral fertilizer with nitrogen, 214 g of carbamide (NH ₂ ) ₂ CO are dissolved in 600 ml of water with vigorous stirring and heating from 20 ^° C. Homogeneity is checked visually. To the resulting solution is poured 50 ml of a 2% liquid humic extract that does not contain potassium and sodium ions. The concentration of ions K ⁺ , Na ⁺ and humic acids in the original extract is determined in advance by any known method. Water is added to the solution so that the total volume does not exceed 1 liter, mixed, its pH and homogeneity are controlled by light scattering. In the final product, the pH should be in the range of 6.5-9.

As a result, 1 liter of an organomineral complex with nitrogen and humic substances was obtained with the following characteristics:

liquid humic extract, % - 0.1

urea, % - 21.4

water is the rest.

Example 2

To obtain an organomineral complex with boron, analogously to example 1, 50 ml of a 2% humic extract is added to a solution containing 25 g of boric acid (H ₃ BO ₃ ) in 600 ml of water. Water is added to the solution so that the total volume does not exceed 1 liter, mixed, its pH and homogeneity are controlled by light scattering. In the final product, the pH should be in the range of 6.5-9.

As a result, 1 liter of an organomineral complex with boron was obtained with the following characteristics:

liquid humic extract, % - 0.1

boric acid,% - 2.5

water is the rest.

Example 3

To obtain an organomineral complex with boron and nitrogen, analogously to example 1-2, to a solution containing 25 g of boric acid (H ₃ BO ₃ ) and 214 g of carbamide (NH ₂ ) ₂ CO in 600 ml of water, add 50 ml of 2% humic extract . Water is added to the solution so that the total volume does not exceed 1 liter, mixed, its pH and homogeneity are controlled by light scattering. In the final product, the pH should be in the range of 6.5-9.

As a result, 1 liter of an organomineral complex with boron and nitrogen was obtained with the following characteristics:

liquid humic extract, % - 0.1

boric acid,% - 2.5

urea, % - 21.4

water is the rest.

Example 4

To obtain an organomineral complex with molybdenum and boron, 6 g of ammonium molybdate (NH ₄ ) ₂ MoO ₄ are dissolved in 600 ml of water with vigorous stirring. To stabilize pH ~ 7 add 2.5 g of potassium hydroxide (KOH). After complete dissolution of the substances, 25 g of boric acid (H ₃ BO ₃ ) are added to the solution and intensively mixed. Homogeneity is checked visually. To the resulting solution is poured 50 ml of a 2% liquid humic extract that does not contain potassium and sodium ions. The concentration of humic acids in the original extract is determined in advance by any known method. Water is added to the solution so that the total volume does not exceed 1 liter, mixed, its pH and homogeneity are controlled by light scattering. In the final product, the pH should be in the range of 6.5-9.

As a result, 1 liter of an organomineral complex with molybdenum and boron was obtained with the following characteristics:

liquid humic extract, % - 0.1

boric acid,% - 2.5

ammonium molybdate, % - 0.6

potassium hydroxide,% - 0.26

water is the rest.

Example 5

To obtain an organomineral complex with phosphorus and potassium, 44 ml of 85% o-phosphoric acid (H ₃ PO ₄ ) is added to 600 ml of water, mixed and neutralized with 60 g of potassium hydroxide (KOH). Homogeneity is checked visually. When mixing the components, the solution is heated, and before the introduction of humic substances, it is cooled to room temperature. To the resulting solution is poured 50 ml of a 2% liquid humic extract that does not contain potassium and sodium ions. The concentration of humic acids in the original extract is determined in advance by any known method. Water is added to the solution so that the total volume does not exceed 1 liter, mixed, its pH and homogeneity are controlled by light scattering. In the final product, the pH should be in the range of 6.5-9.

As a result, 1 liter of an organomineral complex with molybdenum and boron was obtained with the following characteristics:

liquid humic extract, % - 0.1

o-phosphoric acid, % - 7.48

potassium hydroxide, % - 6.0

water is the rest.

Example 6

To obtain an organo-mineral fertilizer with nitrogen and potassium, 90 g of urea (NH ₂ ) ₂ CO and 85 g of potassium nitrate KNO ₃ are dissolved in 400 ml of water with vigorous stirring and heating from 20 ^° C, checking for homogeneity. To the resulting solution is poured 500 ml of a 2% liquid humic extract that does not contain potassium and sodium ions. The concentration of ions K ⁺ , Na ⁺ and humic acids in the original extract is determined in advance by any known method. Water is added to the solution so that the total volume does not exceed 1 liter, mixed, its pH and homogeneity are controlled by light scattering. In the final product, the pH should be in the range of 6.5-9.

As a result, 1 liter of an organomineral complex with nitrogen and potassium was obtained with the following characteristics:

liquid humic extract, % - 1

urea, % - 9

potassium nitrate,% - 8.5

water is the rest.

Claims (1)

A method for obtaining an organomineral complex humic fertilizer, characterized in that 214 g of urea (NH ₂ ) ₂ CO or 25 g of boric acid (H ₃ BO ₃ ) or a mixture of 25 g of boric acid (H ₃ BO ₃ ) and 214 g of carbamide (NH ₂ ) ₂ CO to obtain a solution, 50 ml of a 2% liquid humic extract, or 6 g of ammonium molybdate (NH ₄ ) ₂ MoO ₄ with vigorous stirring are added to the resulting solution dissolved in 600 ml of water, 2.5 g of potassium hydroxide (KOH) are added, 25 g of boric acid (H ₃ BO ₃ ) are added and intensively stirred to obtain a solution, 50 ml of a 2% liquid humic extract is added to the resulting solution, or 44 ml of 85% o-phosphoric acid (H ₃ PO ₄ ) is added to 600 ml of water, mixed and neutralized with 60 g of potassium hydroxide (KOH) to obtain a solution, 50 ml of 2% liquid humic extract is added to the resulting solution, or in 400 ml of water with vigorous stirring ion and heating from 20 ° C, 90 g of urea (NH ₂ ) ₂ CO and 85 g of potassium nitrate KNO ₃ are dissolved to obtain a solution, 500 ml of a 2% liquid humic extract is added to the resulting solution, and a liquid humic extract with a concentration content of sodium or potassium not more than 15% or their absence to obtain a liquid humic extract in the final product - 0.1% or 1%, while controlling the pH and homogeneity of the solution by light scattering.