RU2234486C2 - Organomineral fertilizer - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, fertilizers.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to fertilizers for agriculture crops. Fertilizer comprises mineral components containing urea, phosphorus, potassium, boron, manganese, zinc, copper, molybdenum, cobalt and humate-containing organic component. Fertilizer comprises urea phosphate as a phosphorus-containing component, potassium hydroxide as a potassium-containing component, 2-5% aqueous humate solution as a humate-containing organic component. Fertilizer comprises components in the following ratio, wt.-%: urea, 15.0-16.0; urea phosphate, 30.0-30.1; potassium hydroxide, 7.0-8.0; boron, 0.01-0.09; manganese (as measured for MnO₂), 0.18-0.20; zinc, 0.01-0.05; copper, 0.03-0.05; molybdenum, 0.01-0.03; cobalt, 0.01-0.06; 2-5% humate solution, the balance. Application of the fertilizers provides significant enhancing the productivity of agricultural crops.

EFFECT: enhanced effectiveness of fertilizer.

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Description

The present invention relates to the field of agriculture, namely to fertilizers of agricultural crops.

It is known organic fertilizer in the form of a mixture of brown coal with an additive, which uses waste from biotechnological production based on microbial synthesis in an amount of 1-10% by weight of brown coal (see, for example, patent RU 2111195 C1, class C 05 F 11 / 02, 1998). A disadvantage of the known fertilizer mixture is a limited set of trace elements and the impossibility of its variation in relation to specific types of crops.

An organic mineral fertilizer based on a mixture of brown coal and peat with the addition of phosphorous ore and limestone has a similar disadvantage (see, for example, patent RU 2096393 C1, class C 05 F 11/02, 1997).

Closest to the proposed one is organomineral fertilizer, including mineral components containing urea, phosphorus, potassium, boron, manganese, zinc, copper, molybdenum, cobalt and peat as a humic-containing organic component of the fertilizer (see, for example, RF patent No. 2057104 Cl. C 05 F 11/02, 1996). Moreover, obtaining a known fertilizer is carried out by introducing the components in this form and sequence to ensure their interaction with the humic substances of peat with the formation of water-soluble humates. The disadvantage of this fertilizer is the inconstancy of the composition, because The final concentration of the resulting humate depends on many factors and its value is not guaranteed by the technology. In addition, the known mixture does not contain enough basic nutrients of plants - potassium, nitrogen, phosphorus.

The aim of the invention is to increase crop yields through the use of nutrient-balanced N, P, K-elements of organic fertilizer.

This goal is achieved in that the organomineral fertilizer, including mineral components containing urea, phosphorus, potassium, boron, manganese, zinc, copper, molybdenum, cobalt and a humate-containing organic component, contains urea phosphate as a phosphorus-containing component, as a potassium-containing component - potassium hydroxide and as a humate-containing organic component - 2-5% aqueous solution of humate in the following ratio of ingredients, wt.%:

Urea 5.0-16.0

Urea phosphate 30.0-30.1

Potassium hydroxide 7.0-8.0

Boron 0.01-0.09

Manganese (in terms of MnO ₂ ) 0.18-0.20

Zinc 0.01-0.05

Copper 0.03-0.05

Molybdenum 0.01-0.03

Cobalt 0.01-0.06

2-5% aqueous solution of humate Else.

The proposed fertilizer is obtained by mixing an aqueous solution of humate with the corresponding trace elements and N, P, K-containing substances or by introducing these trace elements into the solution of humate according to the compositions of table. 1.

Ballastless aqueous solutions of humates made from brown coal, peat or sapropel are used as the organic component of the proposed organic fertilizer, and micronutrient fertilizers and standard fertilizers used in agriculture are used as the mineral component.

Two methods of packaging and applying a new organic mineral fertilizer are recommended. The first way is that the liquid base of the fertilizer is mixed with N, P, K-containing components, packaged in one container and used for root dressing of plants by irrigation with a 0.01% solution. The second method consists in the fact that the liquid base of the fertilizer (humate solution with trace elements) is packaged separately from the N, P, K-containing components and is completed with the latter in two different containers. In this method, N, P, K-containing components are introduced into the soil for root dressing of plants by irrigation similarly to the first method, and the liquid base is used both for spraying the vegetative (green) overhead mass of plants with a concentration of 0.05%, and for root dressing ( in the presence of mineral N, P, K fertilizers in the soil, the liquid base can be used separately without introducing N, P, K-containing components into the soil).

As N, P, K-containing components, carbamide, nitrophosphate, urea phosphate, potassium nitrate, potassium phosphate, potassium hydroxide, etc. can be used in amounts determined based on the composition of soils in specific regions.

Given the stimulating effect on the growth and development of various plant groups, both organic radicals of humic acids and microelements under experimental production conditions, the proposed organic-mineral fertilizer of the compositions shown in Table 1 was tested and intended for fertilizing three groups of crops: a) legumes; b) cereals; c) potatoes and vegetables.

Outside the specified compositions of the proposed organic fertilizer, the goal is not achieved.

The main distinguishing feature of the formulations given in Table 1 is the presence of urea phosphate, which has not been previously used in combined fertilizers, as a phosphorus-containing component in them. This substance has a liquid consistency, contains a sufficient amount of phosphorus, but is well soluble in water, does not contain ballast impurities, which distinguishes it from other phosphorus compounds such as nitrophoski, diammophos, etc., which do not completely dissolve in water and form a precipitate.

Another hallmark of the proposed formulations is the presence of potassium hydroxide. The combined use of urea phosphate and potassium hydroxide not only provides the necessary balance of nutrients (N, P, K), but also allows you to maintain the pH of the fertilizer at a level of more than 7.5, which ensures the stability of the fertilizer, preventing the precipitation of the humic component.

According to the results of a scientific and industrial test of the effectiveness of the new organic fertilizer in different crops with the corresponding enrichment with microelements, positive results were obtained (Table 2). Crop yields from the action of organic fertilizers ranged from 33.0 to 82.3%, depending on the crop, in relation to unfertilized control, and on average across the crop groups were equal - for cereals 33.0%, for legumes 70.7%, for potatoes and vegetables an average of 53.9%.

In addition, the proposed fertilizer does not contain ballast polluting the soil and includes a full range of mineral N, P, K elements.

Claims (1)

Organomineral fertilizer, including mineral components containing urea, phosphorus, potassium, boron, manganese, zinc, copper, molybdenum, cobalt and a humate-containing organic component, characterized in that it contains urea phosphate as a phosphorus-containing component, as a potassium-containing component - potassium hydroxide, as a humate-containing organic component - 2-5% aqueous humate solution in the following ratio of ingredients, wt.%: Urea 15.0-16.0 Urea phosphate 30.0-30.1 Potassium hydroxide 7.0-8.0 Boron 0.01-0.09 Manganese (in terms of MnO ₂ ) 0.18-0.20 Zinc 0.01-0.05 Honey 0.03-0.05 Molybdenum 0.01-0.03 2-5% humate solution