RU2791062C1 - Method for applying gabion structures to increase the capacity of a man-made container - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: invention simultaneously relates to the mining industry and to the process stage of reclamation in the implementation of measures for forming and increasing the capacity of man-made containers for storing solid mineral processing waste. The technical task consists in increasing the capacity of man-made containers with the ensured stability of the slopes of dumps and tailings dumps, while simultaneously increasing the height of said mining structures. Method includes the stage of creating retaining gabion walls when forming and erecting the structures of the upstream slope of the embankment. The embankments are formed on the created temporary site wherein rock materials with a density of at least 1,750 kg/m³ are used to fill box-type gabion structures, ensuring a porosity of n=0.2 to 0.4. When creating retaining gabion walls with a height not exceeding 8 m, the gabion structure is mounted in layers, connecting each subsequent layer with the previous layer and securing the lower gabion layer to the base with rods. When creating retaining gabion walls over 8 m in height, intermediate benches are provided, so that the embankment of the man-made container is divided into tiers with the width of the lower base of each overlaying tier of the gabion structure decreasing to ensure the possibility of erecting mining structures up to 50 m in height.

EFFECT: capacity of the man-made container increased by increasing the angle of the upstream slope of the embankment due to the proposed gabion structure allowing the angle of the upstream slope to be increased from 35 to 90°, thereby reducing the area of disturbed lands occupied by mining facilities; this technical result is achieved by the order and sequence of the actions in forming a retaining gabion wall with the set parameters and further creation of dumps within the contour of the man-made container.

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Description

The invention simultaneously relates to the mining industry and to the technical stage of reclamation in the implementation of measures to form and increase the capacity of technogenic containers for storing waste from the processing of solid minerals.

A known method of creating a system for strengthening slopes in construction (RU Patent No. 113 278, E02D 17/20, dated February 10, 2012) containing interconnected gabions forming a vertical wall. Gabions are made in the form of wire mesh frames filled with dispersed material, mainly crushed stone from hard rocks, with a fraction not less than the size of the gabion mesh cell. The disadvantage of this method is the creation of a gabion wall of low height, which does not allow in the mining industry to provide an increase in the receiving capacity, by increasing the slope angles of dumps and tailings, as well as their height.

A well-known prototype is a method of creating a gabion structure to strengthen the coastal slope (RU Patent No. 2 704 277, Е02В 3/12, dated 10/25/2019), containing mesh metal cylinders fastened together, filled with stones, laid on the slope in a direction transverse to the flow, forming a fixed bank protection structure. The structure near the bank slope is fixed with distribution pipes and piles.

The disadvantages of this method are:

1) the use of only cylindrical gabion structures;

2) the proposed method of attaching the gabion to the bank slope does not ensure their reliability during operation;

3) the use of this design option is impossible when forming mining structures;

4) use exclusively on objects that do not have a large height.

The technical task is to increase the capacity of technogenic tanks while ensuring the stability of the slopes of dumps and tailings, while increasing the height of these mining structures.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the capacity of man-caused capacity by increasing the angle of the upper slope of the enclosing dam due to the proposed gabion structure, which allows you to increase the angle of the upper slope from 35 to 90 degrees, which reduces the area of disturbed land occupied by mining structures. The technical result is achieved by the order and sequence of actions performed for the formation of a gabion retaining wall, with the given parameters and subsequent dumping of dumps within the contour of the man-made reservoir.

The essence of the proposed method is illustrated by drawings, where:

Fig. 1 - The design of the retaining gabion wall of the enclosing dam of man-made capacity (a - the dam is formed from loose overburden rocks; b - the dam is formed from overburden rocks): 1 - the enclosing dam from loose rocks; 2 - a layer of gabions; 3 - fastening rods; 4 - mesh frames; 5 - enclosing dam made of rocks.

Fig. 2 - Structure of the retaining gabion wall of the enclosing dam 50 m high: 6 - intermediate berms; 7 - tier of the enclosing dam.

The method is carried out as follows.

The method includes the creation of retaining gabion walls along the inner perimeter of the enclosing dam of a technogenic reservoir, in order to increase its capacity in the process of formation. To do this, at the stage of open-pit mining, the formation of a protective dam is carried out by creating a temporary site for the placement of overburden, with the aim of their further use in the installation of structures. The required average density of rock material for gabion structures must be at least 2300 kg/m ³ . Laying stone in the gabion should provide a bulk density of stone material of at least 1750 kg/m ³ with porosity n=0.2-0.4. During construction, it is also necessary to take into account the partial self-compacting of the material in the gabion frame under the action of vertical loads; for this, the volume of rock material should be increased by 5% in excess of the calculated volume.

The maximum size of a piece of rock for box gabions should be no more than 250 mm. The height of the massive volumetric gabion walls, not exceeding 7-8 m, has a slope angle of 90 degrees, which contributes to an increase in the capacity of the technogenic tank up to 25% (Fig. 1). To create a gabion wall, it is planned to use box-type gabions with a size of 4 × 1 × 1 m. array with rods hammered at the corners (3). The width of each layer is 3-5 m. Each subsequent layer of wire mesh frames (4) is connected to the previous one.

When forming a retaining wall with a height of more than 8 m, in order to ensure the required stability factor, it is necessary to provide intermediate berms (6) with a width of ≥3 m (Fig. 2).

The enclosing dam of man-caused capacity in this case is divided into tiers (7), while the width of the lower base of each overlying tier is reduced by a width equal to the width of three gabions.

The proposed method differs from the prototype by the possibility of using it in the formation of mining structures, in the form of a man-made container, in order to increase its capacity by increasing the angle of the upper slope of the enclosing dam, which will further reduce the area of land disturbed during the extraction and processing of solid minerals.

Claims (1)

A method of using gabion structures to increase the capacity of a technogenic tank, including the creation of retaining gabion walls during the formation and erection of structures of the upper slope of the enclosing dam, characterized in that the enclosing dams are formed on the created temporary site, where rock materials with a density of at least 1750 kg/m ³ are filled box-type gabion structures, providing porosity n = 0.2-0.4, and when creating retaining gabion walls with a height not exceeding 8 m, the gabion structure is mounted in layers, with each subsequent layer connected to the previous one and fixing the lower layer of gabions to the base with rods , when creating retaining gabion walls with a height of more than 8 m, intermediate berms are provided, with the division of the enclosing dam of a man-made reservoir into tiers with a decrease in the width of the lower base of each overlying tier of the gabion structure to ensure the possibility of erecting mining structures up to 50 m high.

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