RU2790675C1 - Method for obtaining an organomineral fertilizer of prolonged action based on coffee roasting waste - coffee husks - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method for obtaining a natural organo-mineral fertilizer of prolonged action based on coffee production waste— coffee husks, consists in wetting coffee husks with a suspension of Chlorella vulgaris microalgae, adding and mixing with glauconite clay, feeding the resulting mixture with a twin-screw feeder to a press granulator to obtain granules with a diameter of 5 mm and 5 mm high. Granular natural organomineral fertilizer is packed in bags or soft containers. The ratio of components, % by weight: coffee husk is 40%, microalgae Chlorella vulgaris is 47.1%, glauconite clay is 12.9%.

EFFECT: replenishing the deficiency of the main elements of mineral nutrition of plants (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, carbon), as well as the activation of soil nitrogen-fixing microorganisms that contribute to the natural accumulation of bound forms of nitrogen in soil systems.

1 cl, 2 tbl

Description

The invention relates to a technology for the production of long-acting biofertilizers using non-toxic production waste, in particular coffee husks - coffee bean roasting waste, and can be used to obtain natural organomineral fertilizer with added value. The fertilizer can be used to compensate for the deficiency of the main elements of plant mineral nutrition (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, carbon), as well as to activate soil nitrogen-fixing microorganisms that contribute to the natural accumulation of bound forms of nitrogen in soil systems. Compensation for the deficiency of phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), carbon (C) occurs due to the prolonged action of non-toxic coffee husks included in the organomineral fertilizer (Schemelinina T.N. Obtaining biofertilizer based on coffee production waste - coffee husks, Utilization of production and consumption waste: innovative approaches and technologies: Proceedings of the III All-Russian scientific and practical conference with international participation, Kirov: VyatGU, 2021, pp.170-173, ISBN 978-5-98228-247-7), glauconite clay and microalgae Chlorella vulgaris. Elements that are in a sparingly soluble form of organo-mineral fertilizer turn into a soluble form due to the action of soil microorganisms, which are activated due to the presence of fatty acids in the coffee husk during the growing season. During the cold period of the year, the activity of soil microorganisms is either reduced or absent due to the anabiosis of microorganisms, and biofertilizer is not consumed.

Known organic fertilizer based on sewage sludge and coniferous-deciduous sawdust, and as a sorbent after the thermophilic stage contains additives from organic waste in the form of spent mushroom substrate or fruit and vegetable waste, taken in an amount of 10-12.5% by weight of dry matter (Patent RF No. 2498969 Published: 11/20/2013).

A known method for producing organic fertilizer, including the use of waste alcohol production of lute water and stillage, pressing the latter to separate the centrate from the organic mass, obtaining a working mixture by mixing the centrate with lute water, neutralizing the resulting working mixture to pH 7.0 with lime mortar and supplying it into accumulators, preparation of compost from a dense residue of organic mass and addition of vermiculture, moreover, waste from pig breeding effluents is additionally used, which is pressed to separate into solid and liquid fractions, they are delmigated, then the liquid fraction is sent to the accumulator, where it is diluted with water in a ratio of 1: 10 (RF Patent No. 2528024 Published: 09/10/2014).

Organic fertilizers containing livestock and poultry waste are known (RF Patent No. 2602626 Published: 11/20/2016; No. 2504520 Published: 01/20/2014). with a humidity of 75-90%, additionally contains urea and formalin. All components are taken at a certain ratio. A method for producing an organic fertilizer that contains animal waste with a moisture content of 75-90% as a source of organic matter and additionally contains urea and formalin, wherein the mixture of urea and formalin is heated to 92-105°C for 6-8 minutes, followed by the addition of a source of organic substances.

A known method of processing organic waste to obtain a complex bioorganic fertilizer and composting activator at the same time (RF Patent No. 2673738).

A known method of recycling molybdenum scheelite waste includes using them as fertilizers in a mixture with mineral and organic waste. Molybdensheilite waste mixed with wood waste - cones of coniferous species in a ratio of 1: 1 is dissolved in alcohol stillage at the rate of 100-150 l / ha with an exposure of 8-12 hours, followed by the addition of Dialbekulit zeolite-containing clay in an amount of 1-1.5 t / ha . An increase in crop yields, a reduction in the cost of expensive mineral fertilizers, an increase in soil fertility and an activation of the soil microflora are carried out (RF Patent No. 2671474 Published: 10/31/2018).

A known method for the preparation of organic fertilizer (RF Patent No. 2618313 Published: 05/03/2017). The invention relates to the disposal of food and animal waste used as fertilizers. The fertilizer is prepared from the waste of gourds and vegetables, which are soaked in the waste of the alcohol industry for 1-2 days in an amount of 20-30% of the volume of post-alcohol stillage. Zeolite-containing clay Alanite is added to this mixture in the range of 15-20% and quail droppings in the amount of 10-15%.

A known method for producing organic fertilizer and feed additives based on the residual products of fish waste processing, in which a mixture of any fish waste is subjected to crushing and grinding to fractions with a diameter of not more than 2-3 mm, a preparatory process is carried out, consisting in uniform mixing, thermal heating is not more than 5 hours at a temperature of 80°-90°C, cooling down to a temperature not lower than 45°C, maintaining the humidity of the mixture not lower than 75%, then the process of anaerobic fermentation in the reactor is provided at an optimum temperature of 60°C, while during the fermentation process they are provided once temperature jump to a temperature of 105 ° C for 15-20 minutes, a solution of phosphoric acid and enzymes of a biological nature are introduced, the final product after fermentation is subjected to the process of separating the liquid component and biological sediment (fugate), a mixture of low molecular weight fatty acids is added to the final pasty granulate (Patent RF No. 2502714 Published: 12/27/2013).

Known organic fertilizer contains an aqueous solution of plant residues, and steamed rye crackers are added to it - waste from the production of bread kvass and wood ash, the content of plant residues per 100 liters of water is 6-20 kg, steamed rye crackers - 1-3 kg, wood ash - 100-200 g (RF Patent No. 2601214 Published: 10/27/2016).

A known method of processing bark and wood waste is carried out by introducing an activating solution containing limiting biodegradation process biogenic elements and a community of microorganisms with cellulolytic and ligninolytic activities into the thickness of the bark dump, as well as aerating the environment with atmospheric air. The process is ensured by the use of a technological line, which includes bioreactors, located in the form of a network and connected by pipelines, immersed in the body of the bark dump, which are cylindrical perforated containers equipped with a system of supply pipes through which the activating solution is periodically supplied and produces aeration, and the liquefied phase formed as a result of processing, which is is a liquid biofertilizer, periodically pumped out from the inside of the bioreactor (RF Patent No. 2729366 Published: 08/06/2020).

A known method of obtaining vermicompost (RF Patent No. 2369689 Published: 10.08.2009). The buckwheat seed husk substrate is moistened, colonized with worms and composted. When preparing the substrate, the components of organic raw materials are mixed until homogeneous, moistened, then the prepared substrate is placed in a container in which it is kept for 15-20 days. The mature substrate is colonized with worms and moistened up to 70%, composting is carried out for 4-4.5 months. Pig manure is additionally introduced into the substrate from the husk of buckwheat seeds in a ratio of 1:1.

A known method for producing biofertilizer (Patent No. 2542115 Published: 20.02.2015), including obtaining a biomixture by introducing microbial cultures of Pseudomonas sp. 114, deposited in VKPM under No. B-5060, and Azotobacter chroococcum B 35, deposited in VKPM under No. B-6010, with a titer of 10 ⁸ cells / ml in a ratio of 2: 1 on a dry combined carrier at the rate of 60 ml per 1 kg and mixing, and a cellulose-containing substance is used as a carrier, for example, sunflower or rice husk, and a mineral-containing component, for example perlite, taken in a ratio of 1:3 by weight, then the biomixture is applied to the floor of poultry premises at a dose of 30-70 g per 1 m ² at a moisture content of the carrier of 15-20%, then the biomixture with waste from poultry facilities is collected and stored in heaps as it accumulates.

The disadvantages of these methods include high labor intensity and material consumption.

There is a known method for obtaining organo-mineral fertilizer from wastewater of a wool-washing production with their simultaneous disposal (RF Patent No. 2756498 Published: 01.10.2021), including contacting fat-containing organic wastes of a wool-washing production with serpentinite, while using serpentinite in granular form with a granule size of 0.25 up to 2.5 mm, and as a liquid waste of the wool-washing production - freshly formed waste water of the wool-washing production, the shelf life of which does not exceed 3 days, the said contacting is carried out in one or more columns, each of which is loaded with the specified granular serpentinite and is processed by passing through a column of at least 20 column volumes of freshly formed waste water from a wool-washing production at a rate not exceeding 10 column volumes per hour, upon completion of such treatment, the treated serpentinite in the form of grease-coated granules is unloaded from the column and dried, the floor teaching the finished product. It is known that sewage from wool-washing production exceeds the maximum allowable concentration (MPC) for suspended solids, surfactants, fat, BOD, has a specific odor, produces toxic hydrogen sulfide (Sadygalieva G.K., Asanova G.Zh., Egemberdieva G.A. Assessing the impact of wool washing effluents on the environment, Bulletin of the Kyrgyz State University of Construction, Transport and Architecture named after N. Isanov, 2013, No. 2, pp. 116-119). Exceeding the MPC used waste water is a disadvantage of the method of obtaining organo-mineral fertilizer from waste water wool-washing production.

All of the above methods for obtaining organic fertilizers from waste are typical for a particular industry or agriculture and are not typical for waste disposal methods for coffee roasting. The disadvantages of these methods is the complexity of the process and, accordingly, high costs.

The technical objective of the present invention is the development of a waste-free, environmentally friendly method for obtaining a natural organomineral fertilizer of prolonged action based on coffee production waste - coffee husks (with a coffee husk content of 40%, a glauconite clay content of 12.9%, a Chlorella vulgaris microalgae content of 47.1%) . The fertilizer is designed to compensate for the deficiency of the main elements of the mineral nutrition of plants (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, carbon), as well as to activate soil nitrogen-fixing microorganisms that contribute to the natural accumulation of bound forms of nitrogen in soil systems. A biofertilizer based on coffee husks, a waste product of coffee roasting, should be non-toxic and suitable for use on all types of soils, as well as in organic farming systems. Biofertilizer production technology should be waste-free. This problem is solved by including natural components (coffee husks, glauconite clay, Chlorella vulgaris microalgae) in the composition of the biofertilizer, which are allowed for use in organic production [GOST R 56508-2015. Products of organic production. Rules of production, storage, transportation].

The technical result of the claimed invention is the production of a new type of long-acting natural complex organomineral fertilizer based on coffee husks - coffee roasting waste, glauconite clay and Chlorella vulgaris microalgae. The technical result is achieved due to the fact that the proposed method for obtaining organomineral fertilizer consists in preparing a working mixture containing coffee husks, glauconite clay and Chlorella vulgaris microalgae,

The essence of the invention is to carry out sequential operations:

- wetting coffee husks with a suspension of microalgae Chlorella vulgaris ;

- adding and mixing with glauconite clay;

- feeding the resulting mixture of components by a twin-screw feeder to a granulator press to obtain granules with a diameter of 5 mm and a height of 5 mm;

- packaging of granular natural organic fertilizer in bags or soft containers.

A suspension of Chlorella vulgaris microalgae is preliminarily produced on Tamiya nutrient medium (per 1 dm ³ of deionized water) of the following composition: KNO ₃ - 5 g, KH ₂ PO ₄ × 3H ₂ O - 1.25 g, MgSO ₄ × 7H ₂ O - 2, 5 g, in the fermenter Biostat® A MO UniVessel® Glass BB-8822000 2L 230V 5 days in liquid-phase fermentation at 350 rpm, temperature 25-27°C, pH 5.5-6.5, phytolamp illumination 175- 250V 50 Hz until the cell titer in suspension reaches 8 million cells/ml.

The microalgae strain Chlorella vulgaris f. globosa was isolated in 2010 from soil at a reindeer herders' site in the Subpolar Urals. The strain was deposited in the Collection of Microorganisms of the Institute of Biology, Komi Science Center, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences. The strain was assigned the number IPPAS-2024.

In the classification of microorganisms by pathogenicity groups of the Sanitary and Epidemiological Rules SP 1.3.2322-08 dated May 1, 2008 "Safety of working with microorganisms of groups III - IV

pathogenicity (danger) and causative agents of parasitic diseases” this species (genus) is not listed.

EFFECT: invention makes it possible to obtain an organo-mineral fertilizer for replenishing the deficiency of phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), carbon (C) in the soil.

Based on the results of analytical studies, the content of organic carbon (Corg.) in the obtained fertilizer was calculated, which amounted to 38.1%; the ratio of carbon to nitrogen (C:N), which was 20 (the optimal ratio is 20-30).

As a result of the tests, the following indicators of organic fertilizer were obtained (see tables 1, 2).

Table 1. The content of substances in organic fertilizer based on coffee husks of prolonged action The name of indicators Norms according to GOST Test results Mass fraction of dry matter, % not less than 25 96.3 Indicator of activity of hydrogen ions (reaction of the aquatic environment), pH 6.0-8.5 7.5 Mass fraction of nutrients in fertilizer, %, not less than:
Nitrogen total
Phosphorus total, in terms of P ₂ O ₅
Potassium total in terms of K ₂ O
Magnesium in terms of MgO 0.7
0.5
0.6 2.06
0.5
2.64
0.58 Mass concentration of impurities of individual toxic elements, mg/kg of dry matter, not more than:
lead
cadmium
Mercury
Arsenic 130.0
2.0
2.1
10.0 2.4±0.6
0.32±0.16
-
1.7±0.9 The presence of viable eggs and larvae of helminths,
ind./kg, including nematodes (ascaris, trichocephalus,
strongylate, strongyloids),
tremotode, cestode Not allowed Missing

Table 2 - Fatty acid content LCD Name of the acid Content, µg/g Content, % From _12:0 Lauric <5.0 0.1 From _14:0 Myristic 279.5 4.07 From _14:1 Myristooleic <5.0 0.1 From _16:0 palmitic 2294.6 33.44 From _16:1 Palmitooleic 13.9 0.2 From _18:0 Stearic 428.1 6.2 S _18:1(9) Oleic 109.7 1.59 S _18:1(11) Vaccine 339.0 4.9 From _18:2 Linoleic 1528.2 22.27 From _18:3 Linolenic 73.3 1.06 From _20:0 Arachinoic 794.7 11.58 From _22:0 Begenovaya 999.8 14.57

Based on the results, it can be seen that the obtained organic fertilizer meets the requirements of GOST, and can be safely applied by applying it to the soil. In addition, the obtained organic fertilizer of prolonged action in the composition of coffee husks contains fatty acids (see Table 2) that activate soil microorganisms, converting hardly soluble forms of fertilizer into accessible ones.

Claims (2)

A method for obtaining a natural organo-mineral fertilizer of prolonged action based on coffee production waste - coffee husk, characterized in that coffee husks are wetted with a suspension of Chlorella vulgaris microalgae, added and mixed with glauconite clay, the resulting mixture is fed by a twin-screw feeder to a press granulator to obtain granules with a diameter of 5 mm and a height of 5 mm, packing granulated natural organo-mineral fertilizer into bags or soft containers, with the following ratio of components, wt.%: coffee husk 40 microalgae Chlorella vulgaris 47.1 glauconite clay 12.9