RU2790459C2 - Manufacturing method and armor-protective multilayer armor element - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: armament.

SUBSTANCE: inventions relate to means of protection; they can be used in the manufacture of armor elements. The proposed armor element can be used for armor protection of equipment, fortifications, and bulletproof vests. The armor-protective multilayer armor element is formed of multilayer materials consisting of aramid fabrics and/or ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, and metal layers. In this case, the armor element is formed of one or more metal layers (1) made either flat or curved, or with protruding elements, layers of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene and aramid fabrics: satin weave fabrics with a surface density of 90-250 g/m², and/or layers of twill weave fabrics with a surface density of 90-250 g/m² are formed, stacked, fixed, and/or layers of plain weave fabric with a surface density of 90-400 g/m² are formed, stacked, fixed. Layers of fabric (1), (2) are all or selectively alternated with an auxiliary means for reducing friction, the resulting fabric layers are fastened together along the perimeter, while layers are all or selectively stitched with thread (4).

EFFECT: reliable protection of various types of objects from effects of damaging elements of conventional and large-caliber small arms, as well as fragments, reduction in the surface density of armor protection due to selection of a sequence of layers for more complete use of strength properties of used materials, as well as high maintainability of an armor barrier.

7 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The inventions relate to means of protection and can be used in the manufacture of armored elements. The proposed armor element can be used for armor protection of equipment, fortifications and body armor.

A known method for the manufacture of armor-protective multilayer material (see RF patent No. 2630768, IPC F41H 3/00, publ. 09/29/2017), including the formation of air gaps in multilayer materials consisting of aramid fabric, or materials from metal layers. The size of the gaps and their number are determined by the energy of the impacting projectile, the body armor made of armor-protective fabric for a person is analyzed and calculated.

This method is based on the analytical calculation of tissue resistance based on the "acoustic mechanism of charge deceleration". In the process of calculation, the authors of the method make assumptions that introduce a large error in assessing the resistance of armor protection. In addition to the assumption that the speed of sound in aramid fiber can be equal to the speed of sound in wood and neglect of the behavior of aramid fibers under diamic impacts, the authors of the application do not take into account the presence of a large number of brands of aramid fibers on the market, made by various chemical technologies. In addition, the calculation does not take into account the presence of friction between the threads of the fabric during their stretching with different types of weave of fabrics, the effect of different brands of fiber on this friction, as well as the presence of pre-treatment of the fabric (washing, applying a water-repellent composition, etc.). In addition, the formation of air cavities by the methods described by the authors of the method is not possible due to the high mobility of the tissue even with minimal inertial effects.

A known method of manufacturing armored barriers from polymer composites and armored barriers from polymer composites (see RF patent No. 2706370, IPC A42 B 3/00, F41H 1/04, publ. 11/18/2019), including the formation of layers of inner and outer shells from aramid fabric impregnated with an elastic polymer binder. Hard-alloy inserts from elementary ceramic cells are installed between the layers, the outer, inner surfaces and side faces of which are fastened together with the corresponding shells with glue chemically compatible with the binder of the shells.

A known method for increasing the strength of composite armor (see RF patent No. 2726701, IPC F41H 1/02, publ. 07/15/2020), including a sequentially located metal substrate and layers of armored ceramics. In this case, between the substrate and the layer of armored ceramics, a compressed package is additionally placed from a layer of fabric made of aramid fiber, or a copper mesh, or alternating layers of them using a polymer adhesive in the form of a composition based on an epoxy-novolac block oligomer modified with polyvinyl butyral, in the form of a film.

The disadvantages of the known methods are: low manufacturability of the armor plate assembly method, which requires very precise alignment of the edges of the ceramic cells; even with a very precise alignment of the cell faces, the ceramic layer will not be continuous, and armor protection will be weakened at the junction of the ceramic cells.

A protective armor element is known (see utility model No. 199297, IPC F41H 5/00, publ. 08/26/2020), including a front armor layer and a rear anti-fragmentation layer, which consists of fabric-polymer layers containing aramid fabric. The frontal armor layer and the rear anti-fragmentation layer are connected by adhesive bonding, and the fabric-polymer layers are made of layers of aramid fabric of the SVM type, connected by a polymer binder, which has a non-woven structure. When using polyethylene as a polymeric binder, an adhesive bond of fabric layers is formed, and when using polypropylene, a matrix is formed that binds the structural components of the fabric layer and at the same time glues the fabric layers.

The main disadvantage of this solution is the use of polymers to bond or impregnate the aramid fabric. When gluing the threads, the aramid fabric loses the mobility of the threads in the weave, which cannot be stretched along the entire length. In this case, it is impossible to use the relative elongation to the maximum extent possible until the thread breaks to dampen the kinetic energy of a bullet or fragment. This leads to the need to use more layers of armor plates and, accordingly, an increase in the mass and cost of the armor plate.

A composite armor barrier is known (see utility model No. 180862, IPC F41H 5/04, publ. 06/26/2018), including a crushing-deflecting layer consisting of a number of armored strips connected rigidly to each other and spaced from one another in depth by a distance commensurate with two lengths of small arms bullets; protected by a substrate made of steel 2 mm thick, on top of which an energy-absorbing plate can be fixed, made, for example, of an aluminum alloy 8 mm thick, on the surface of which ceramic elements are placed, made in the form of ceramic hexagonal prisms.

The disadvantages of this solution include: low manufacturability of the armor plate assembly method, which requires very precise alignment of the edges of the ceramic cells; even with a very precise alignment of the cell faces, the ceramic layer will not be continuous, and armor protection will be weakened at the junction of the ceramic cells.

The essence of the proposed method for manufacturing an armor-protective multilayer armor element lies in the fact that one or more metal sheets are made either flat, or curved, or with protruding elements, and a multilayer material made of fabrics from ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene or aramid fabrics is formed from at least 10 layers of satin weave fabrics with surface density of 90-250 g/m ² , and/or form, lay, fasten at least 10 layers of twill fabrics with a surface density of 90-250 g/m ² , and/or form, lay, fasten at least 10 layers of plain fabric weaves with a surface density of 90-400 g/m ² , the layers of fabric all or selectively alternate with an auxiliary means to reduce friction, while all layers or selectively stitched with a thread. In addition, the layers of fabric alternate with an auxiliary agent in the form of a fluoroplastic film.

The essence of the proposed armor-protective multilayer armor element is that the armor element includes one or more metal sheets of various alloys with a thickness of at least 0.2 mm and inner layers of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene and aramid fabrics: at least 10 layers of satin weave fabrics with a surface density of 90- 250 g/m ² , and/or at least 10 layers of twill fabrics with a surface density of 90-250 g/m ² , and/or at least 10 layers of plain weave fabrics with a surface density of 90-400 g/m ² , between all layers of fabric or selectively placed auxiliary means to reduce friction, the fabric layers are attached to the metal sheets by means of a bolted connection, while the fabric layers or all layers together, including the metal sheets, are fixed in the shell. The metal sheets are placed between each other without a gap or with an air gap formed by bushings, and the metal sheets are bonded to the fabric layers without a gap or with an air gap formed by bushings. The outer metal sheet of the armor element is made either flat or curved, or with protruding elements of a pyramidal or spherical type to change the direction of movement of the bullet or striking element, and a fluoroplastic film is used as an auxiliary agent.

The use of the invention provides the following technical result:

- ensuring reliable protection of various types of objects from the impact of striking elements of conventional and large-caliber small arms, as well as fragments;

- creation of an armor barrier with a wide range of protection against bullets and fragments from available, widespread and inexpensive materials of domestic or foreign production;

- a significant reduction in the surface density of body armor due to the selection of the sequence of layers for a more complete use of the strength properties of the materials used;

- ensuring high maintainability of the armored barrier;

- improving the operational characteristics of the armored barrier as a whole.

The specified technical result in the implementation of the proposed method lies in the fact that the manufacture of an armor-protective multilayer armor element includes the formation of an armor element from multilayer materials consisting of aramid fabrics or fabrics made of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, satin or twill, or plain weave, one or more metal sheets fastened around the perimeter .

The peculiarity lies in the fact that one or more metal sheets are made either flat, or curved, or with protruding elements, and a multilayer material of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene or aramid fabrics is formed from at least 10 layers of satin weave fabrics with a surface density of 90-250 g /m ² , and/or form, lay, fasten at least 10 layers of twill weave fabrics with a surface density of 90-250 g/m ² , and/or form, lay, fasten at least 10 layers of plain weave fabric with a surface density of 90- 400 g/m ² , the layers of fabric are all or selectively interleaved with an auxiliary to reduce friction, with all layers or selectively stitched with a thread. In addition, the layers of fabric alternate with an auxiliary agent in the form of a fluoroplastic film.

The armor-protective multilayer armor element that implements the proposed method contains a number of layers of aramid fabrics or fabrics of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, satin or twill, or plain weave, one or more metal sheets fastened along the perimeter.

The peculiarity lies in the fact that the armor element includes one or more metal sheets of various alloys with a thickness of at least 0.2 mm and inner layers of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene and aramid fabrics: at least 10 layers of satin weave fabrics with a surface density of 90-250 g/ ^m2 , and / or at least 10 layers of twill fabrics with a surface density of 90-250 g/m ² , and / or at least 10 layers of plain weave fabrics with a surface density of 90-400 g / m ² , between all layers of fabric or selectively placed auxiliary means for reducing friction, the fabric layers are attached to the metal sheets by means of a bolted connection, while the fabric layers or all layers together, including the metal sheets, are fixed in the shell. The metal sheets are placed between each other without a gap or with an air gap formed by bushings, and the metal sheets are bonded to the fabric layers without a gap or with an air gap formed by bushings. The outer metal sheet of the armor element is made either flat or curved, or with protruding elements of a pyramidal or spherical type to change the direction of movement of the bullet or striking element, and a fluoroplastic film is used as an auxiliary agent.

The design of the armor element is shown in the drawings.

In FIG. 1 - Option 1.

In FIG. 2 - Option 2.

In FIG. 3 - Option 3.

In FIG. 4 - Option 4.

In FIG. 5 - Option 5.

In FIG. 6 - Option 6.

The proposed variants of armor elements consist of: 1 - layers of metal sheets, 2 - layers of the first type of fabric, 3 - layers of the second type of fabric, 4 - thread, which sewn fabric layers, 5 - shell, 6 - bolted connection, 7 - fluoroplastic film, 8 - bushings, 9 - curved metal sheet.

Assembly of armored elements is carried out as follows.

A metal sheet with a thickness of at least 0.2 mm can be one or more, depending on the damaging agent and the distance at which the hit occurs.

For example, 1mm titanium alloy or 1.5mm aluminum alloy. In certain cases, there may be a combination of titanium and aluminum sheets.

The main tasks of layers from metal sheets:

- reduce the kinetic energy of a bullet or fragment;

- deform the bullet so that subsequent layers perceive the load over a larger area;

- create burrs and edges that will get tangled in the fabric.

- change the angle of interaction of the bullet with subsequent layers, give it rotation and fill it up on its side in order to more effectively entangle it in the fabric.

Immediately after the layers of metal sheets, fabric layers 2 are formed by laying out, which should be at least 10 pcs. (Fig. 1) satin weave with a basis weight of 90-250 g/m ² and/or twill fabrics with a basis weight of 90-250 g/m ² and/or plain weave fabrics with a basis weight of 90-400 g/m ² .

The logic of the formation of fabric layers is as follows, the fabrics of the first group of layers 2 (Fig. 1) should be softer and more stretchable than the next group of layers 3.

Due to the stretching of the fabric and threads of the first group of layers 2, the bullet with the already changed shape and position, after interacting with the layers of metal sheets, begins to wind a large number of fabric threads around itself. With reduced friction between the threads, which gives, for example, a satin weave, the thread receives a greater stretch and, accordingly, can repay more kinetic energy due to its stretching over a long length. In this case, an additional turn of the bullet around the axis occurs due to the asymmetrical interweaving of the threads and falling on its side due to the different lengths of the threads when stretched.

Fabrics of the next group of layers 3 (Fig. 1), for example, twill or plain weave, provide the function of stopping an already deployed bullet. The high friction between the filaments limits the expansion of the filaments by a bullet or shrapnel.

The fabrics are stitched together with thread 4 (Fig. 1) along the perimeter or squares, for example, 300 by 300 mm and placed in the shell 5 (Fig. 1).

Part of the last fabrics can be sewn every 10-60 mm in both directions, this provides maximum strength of the layer when exposed to a large area from the previous layers due to the rotated bullet and increases the stopping effect of the fabric layers.

Instead of aramid fabrics, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fabrics can be used.

The fastening of metal sheets and fabrics can be carried out in various ways, for example, by threaded connections, as shown in option 1 (Fig. 1), by enclosing them in one shell, as shown in option 2 (Fig. 2), by gluing and in any other way, guaranteeing a reliable connection.

The result described above can be improved by using means to reduce friction between the fabric layers and/or threads in the weave of the fabric. Option 3 (Fig. 3) shows the use of a fluoroplastic film 7 (Fig. 3), which is placed between all layers of fabrics or selectively. Also, instead of a fluoroplastic film, other films, coatings or fabric impregnations can be used that reduce friction between fabric layers and/or threads in the fabric weave.

The result of the layers of metal sheets can be improved by creating a distance (air gap) between individual metal sheets, as shown in option 4 of the armor element (Fig. 4) or by creating a distance (air gap) between all metal sheets and fabric layers, as shown in version 5 of the armored element (Fig. 5), for example, by means of bushings of a certain height. At the same time, flying an additional distance, a bullet or a fragment with an already changed angle of inclination with respect to the barrier comes into interaction with the next layers with an already larger angle, which provides a large interaction area and reduces the penetrating ability of the bullet or fragment.

Also, the result of the interaction of a bullet or a fragment with metal sheets can be improved by making the first metal sheet curved, or with protruding elements of a pyramidal, spherical shape or other shape, ensuring a change in the direction of movement of the bullet or striking element. An example is shown in option 6 (Fig. 6) - the first sheet is made bent, while the angle of interaction with it of a bullet or fragment changes and it occurs partly tangentially, which significantly reduces the penetrating ability of a bullet or fragment.

Thus, the proposed device provides reliable protection against the impact of striking elements of conventional and large-caliber small arms, as well as fragments, while achieving a low surface density of the armor element due to the method of its formation.

The above description testifies to the fulfillment of the following set of conditions when using the claimed utility model:

- the tool embodying the claimed invention, in its implementation, refers to the means of protection and can be used in the manufacture of armored elements;

- for the claimed device in the form as it is characterized in the stated claims, the possibility of its implementation using the means and methods described in the application is confirmed;

- a tool that embodies the claimed invention in the implementation, is able to achieve the technical tasks envisaged by the applicant. Therefore, the claimed invention meets the condition of "industrial applicability".

Claims (7)

1. A method for manufacturing an armor-protective multilayer armor element, including the formation of an armor element from multilayer materials consisting of aramid fabrics or fabrics made of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, satin or twill, or plain weave, one or more metal sheets fastened around the perimeter, characterized in that one or more the metal sheet is made either flat, or curved, or with protruding elements, and a multilayer material of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene or aramid fabrics is formed from at least 10 layers of satin weave fabrics with a surface density of 90-250 g/m ² , and/or is formed, lay, fasten at least 10 layers of twill weave fabrics with a surface density of 90-250 g/m ² , and/or form, lay, fasten at least 10 layers of plain weave fabric with a surface density of 90-400 g/m ² , all fabric layers or selectively alternated with an adjuvant to reduce t rhenium, with all layers or selectively stitched with a thread. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the layers of fabric alternate with an auxiliary agent in the form of a fluoroplastic film. 3. Armor-protective multilayer armor element containing a number of layers of aramid fabrics or fabrics made of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene - satin or twill, or plain weave, one or more metal sheets fastened around the perimeter, characterized in that the armor element includes one or more metal sheets from various alloys not less than 0.2 mm thick and inner layers of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene or aramid fabrics: at least 10 layers of satin weave fabrics with a surface density of 90-250 g / m ² , and / or at least 10 layers of twill weave fabrics with a surface density of 90 -250 g/m ² , and/or at least 10 layers of plain weave fabrics with a surface density of 90-400 g/m ² , between all fabric layers or selectively placed an auxiliary to reduce friction, fabric layers are attached to metal sheets by means of a bolted connection , while the fabric layers or all layers together, including metal sheets, attached to the shell. 4. Armor-protective multilayer armor element according to claim 3, characterized in that the metal sheets are placed between each other without a gap or with an air gap formed by means of bushings. 5. Armor-protective multi-layer armor element according to claim 3, characterized in that the metal sheets are fastened to the layers of fabrics without a gap or with an air gap formed by means of bushings. 6. Armor-protective multi-layer armor element according to claim 3, characterized in that the outer metal sheet of the armor element is made either flat or curved, or with protruding elements of a pyramidal or spherical type to change the direction of movement of the bullet or striking element. 7. Armor-protective multilayer armor element according to claim 3, characterized in that a fluoroplastic film is used as an aid.

Images