RU2665423C1 - Anti-fragmentary and anti-rebound protection - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: protective devices.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of creating an internal anti-fragmentation anti-ricochet defense of mobile and stationary armored objects. Anti-fouling and anti-riot protection, containing armor protection (1), internal protection (2) and an internal safety device (6) for internal protection (2) to armor protection (1). In this case, internal protection (2) is made in the form of a system of elements interconnected by the means of shock localization, including cover (5), energy absorbing device (3) and spacer (4) between armored protection (1) and energy absorbing device (3).EFFECT: increase in the efficiency of energy-absorbing material (reducing the number of layers) is provided while maintaining a predetermined level of reduction of the damage (detaining most of the fragments and preventing the ricochet of the injuring elements from the walls of the protected compartment); reduction of the working area of loading, increase in the number of loaded threads and interfiber friction, rational load distribution, exclusion of loads, destroying the elements of fastening protection, reducing the complexity of design, improving the manufacturing process and operation of protection.3 cl, 9 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of internal anti-fragmentation and anti-ricochet protection of mobile and stationary armored objects (hereinafter - protection or product). The invention is intended to reduce the barring effect after breaking through an external armor protection, which is manifested in a decrease in the torch of fragments and in the exclusion of ricocheting of damaging elements by absorbing their kinetic energy with ballistic special fabrics.

Ballistic special fabrics based on threads from high-strength aromatic polyamides are known: Kevlar® (DuPont ™, USA), Twaron® (Teijin Aramid, Netherlands), CBM (Heat-resistant textiles, Russia), AuTx (Kamenskvolokno, Russia), Herakron® (Kolon, Korea ) and others (hereinafter referred to as special fabric or Kevlar).

In these energy-absorbing materials (in particular, for example, “Fabric for ballistic protection” [Patent of 05.16.1997 RU 2126856]), the absorption of the kinetic energy of the damaging element (useful work) is accompanied by stretching of high-strength filaments and deflection of special fabric. To ensure operability (deflection until the moment of meeting with the armor protection), Kevlar is installed at a distance from the armor protection. The stretch characteristics of special fabrics are indicated on manufacturers' websites.

The technical solution that best illustrates the approach to solving the problem of constructing protection that reduces the above-mentioned barrier effect is anti-shatter and anti-ricochet protection made in the form of flexible armor of the Kevlar type, stretched by a cord on a metal spatial frame inside a protected armored compartment [Patent dated 29.08.2005 R 2295464, PROTOTYPE]. The disadvantages of the prototype:

- the absence of the prototype element, providing the process of turning the striking element with a wider side to increase the area of its contact with Kevlar, i.e. the process of turning the bullet in the prototype is declared, because there is air between the armor protection and Kevlar;

- low efficiency of Kevlar's work (for example, to eliminate the rebound, an increased number of layers of special fabric is required) due to the presence of: damping function, a limited number of Kevlar attachment points, inefficient load distribution, and slight interfiber friction;

- not reliable operation of Kevlar mounts, subject to destruction under heavy loads;

- increased complexity of product maintenance due to the rapid weakening of the damping cord at high loads;

- increased complexity of the design and manufacture of the "spatial frame", which is unique for each element of flexible armor, because flexible armor mounts should be in the same plane to create the required distance to armor protection.

Similar disadvantages are inherent in the “Anti-fragmentation protection of crews of armored vehicles” [Patent of 06.07.2009 RU 88787], in which the necessary distance between the armored protection and Kevlar is provided by the Kevlar mounting brackets.

The considered technical solutions can be qualified as options for implementing the framework method for ensuring the performance of Kevlar.

There are known attempts to introduce a more advanced cushioning method for ensuring the performance of Kevlar:

firstly, it is a “Bulletproof shield” [Patent of September 25, 2008 UA 38987], including a metal shield, Kevlar and “porous material”, the latter is intended by the author of the patent to reduce rebound and prevent injury to employees on the metal parts of the shield, while the reduction mechanism the author did not disclose a rebound by means of a “porous material”, descriptions of the useful properties of a “porous material” and processes that contribute to reducing a bullet rebound (energy absorption of the kinetic energy of a bullet, bullet rotation, bullet passage through the boundaries of different porous media of the material, and others) Patent absent, that excludes application of the patent of the prior art in respect of the "spacer between and Kevlar armor protection";

secondly, it is "Anti-fragmentation and anti-ricochet protection of the habitable or cargo compartment", where "low-crush material" is used as the "distance between Kevlar and the armor protection" [Patent dated 16.01.2012 RU 2488765]. By a decision of the Federal Intellectual Property Service of the Russian Federation dated 01.10.2015, the patent was declared invalid according to the criterion of “Inventive step” due to the lack of a description in the patent of the influence of the attribute “low crush material” on the technical result of the invention, which also limits the application of this patent in the considered prior art.

The main disadvantages of the two considered technical solutions:

- Kevlar’s potential capabilities are not used to the full extent (to eliminate the rebound, an increased number of layers of special fabric is required): it is possible to penetrate part of the damaging elements (especially pointed) through the product without loss of kinetic energy, while a significant part of high-strength Kevlar filaments are not involved in the energy absorption process the damaging element, the loads in Kevlar are not distributed efficiently, interfiber friction is not used enough;

- the short life of Kevlar due to its hygroscopicity and rapid loss of useful properties of special fabrics, as well as wear of the product from external influences;

- increased loads on the fasteners of the product. The objectives of the invention are:

- elimination of the above disadvantages;

the correct implementation of the cushioning method for ensuring the efficiency of Kevlar instead of the wireframe method, ensuring the distance between the armor protection and Kevlar;

- the introduction of means of localization of shock load, protective cover and fastening film.

The solution of the above tasks will allow you to create anti-fragmentation and anti-ricochet protection, the design of which will have the following advantages over the prototype:

- lack of the above disadvantages;

- improving the reliability of the protection;

- fewer Kevlar layers for a given level of protection;

- increased product life;

- ease of design, manufacture and operation. The technical result of the claimed invention is:

- improving the efficiency of energy-absorbing material (reducing the number of layers) at a given level of reducing damaging damage (retaining most of the fragments and preventing the bounce of the damaging elements from the walls of the protected compartment) through the use of a new product design that reduces the working area of the load, increasing the number of loaded threads, increased interfiber friction, effective distribution of shock load;

- improving the reliability of the protection (reducing the likelihood of weakening and destruction of Kevlar mounts) due to a significant reduction in the loads that destroyed the fastening elements of Kevral in the prototype;

- reducing the complexity of the design, manufacture and operation of the product due to the use in the invention of a simple plastic remote strip instead of a complex metal spatial frame of the prototype.

This object is achieved in that the anti-fragmentation and anti-ricochet protection is made, comprising armor protection, internal protection and a device for attaching the internal protection to the armor protection, characterized in that the internal protection is made in the form of a system of elements interconnected by means of impact load localization, including a cover, an energy-absorbing device and distance laying between armor protection and energy absorbing material.

The task is also achieved by the fact that the energy-absorbing device is sealed in a bonding film.

The task is also achieved by the fact that the energy-absorbing device is made of several sheets that are sealed in a bonding film, laid in a cover with overlap and fixed.

Under the system refers to the totality of the elements of the invention, each of which ensures the functioning of the system as intended. Moreover, the exclusion from the system of one of these system-forming elements leads to the termination of the functioning of the system as intended.

Comparative analysis with the prototype shows that the proposed invention is characterized by the use of a system of interconnected elements of the invention, including a cover, an energy-absorbing device, a spacer, means for localizing shock loads. The above allows us to conclude that the proposed technical solution meets the criterion of "NOVELTY."

Comparison of the invention with other technical solutions shows that the armor protection, energy-absorbing material and attachment device are known. At the same time, in the prior art there is no description of the influence of a system of interconnected elements of the invention, an energy-absorbing device, remote laying, shock localization means and fastening film on the claimed technical result. Given that the introduction of the above elements in a specific connection with each other leads to an unexpected result: a high degree of competitiveness of the invention due to a fundamental simplification of the design of the invention, a significant increase in the efficiency of Kevlar, a significant reduction in the complexity of design, manufacture and operation of the product. The above allows us to conclude that the proposed technical solution meets the criterion of "INVENTIVE LEVEL".

The claimed invention is illustrated by drawings:

FIG. 1 - constructive, technological and consumer advantages of the invention over the prototype: a - comparative analysis of the compositions of the technical solution; 6 - a comparative analysis of the principles of technical solutions;

FIG. 2 - the full composition and arrangement of the elements of the invention: a - front view, 6 - side view;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the armored compartment and the stages of the invention.

In FIG. 1-2 illustrate the structural, technological and consumer advantages of the invention over the prototype:

- the design of the product has been fundamentally simplified, the manufacturability of manufacturing has been improved, the product has become maintenance-free due to the use of a simple plastic gasket instead of a complex metal spatial frame;

- the nature of the shock loads in Kevlar has been radically changed, which has provided a significant increase in the efficiency of Kevlar’s work through the use of distance gaskets that improve interaction with Kevlar over the entire area of their contact (in the prototype, only at the Kevlar attachment points) and the use of shock localization means, which led to a reduction in the area of shock loading, the growth of interfiber friction, the use of new threads, the effective distribution of the load;

- a new sufficiently high level of reliability of the product was achieved by eliminating the damping function, using the cushioning method to ensure the performance of Kevlar and, as a result, removing the destructive loads from the fasteners of the product;

- the resource of the product is multiply increased due to the use of a cover and a film (Fig. 2).

The composition and construction of the invention are detailed in FIG. 2:

1 - armor protection;

2 - internal protection;

3 - energy-absorbing device;

4 - remote laying;

5 - case;

6 - mounting device;

7 - means of localization of shock;

8 - a bonding film.

Disclosure of the purpose and composition (system) of the elements of the invention.

Armor protection 1 is intended to protect personnel and equipment of a mobile or stationary armored object from the damaging factors of firearms.

To achieve this purpose, the armor protection 1 contains sheets of armor steel and other ballistic resistant materials mounted on the frame or in the bearing case of the armored object, as well as elements of the mounting device 6.

Internal protection 2 is designed to reduce damages, to retain most of the fragments and to prevent ricocheting of damaging elements inside the armor compartment.

To achieve this, the internal protection 2 contains an energy-absorbing device 3, a remote strip 4, a cover 5 and a mounting device 6.

The energy-absorbing device 3 is designed to reduce the armor effect after penetration of the armor protection 1 by the striking elements by absorbing the kinetic energy of the striking elements in order to reduce the torch of fragments and to prevent their rebound inside the protected armored compartment.

To achieve this purpose, the energy-absorbing device 3 contains a package of two or more sheets of energy-absorbing material of the Kevlar type [1, 2], means for localizing the shock load 7 and the elements of the fastening device 6. The number of Kevlar layers in the package is selected empirically, based on the capabilities of the “damaging” system element - armor protection - remote laying - Kevlar - means of localization of shock load. "

Impact localization means 7 are designed to increase the efficiency of energy-absorbing material by creating an effective load distribution in the area of impact localization, reducing the working area of loading, increasing interfiber friction by locally bonding high-strength Kevlar filaments with threads of similar strength, using a bonding film or other methods of involvement in the process of unloaded Kevlar threads, removing the breaking load from the elements of the fastening device 6.

So, for example, shock localization means 7 made in the form of seams of high-strength filaments (hereinafter referred to as high-strength seams), along with an energy-absorbing device, also provide fastening of the components of internal protection 2 (or only Kevlar) along the perimeter, and, if necessary, along vertical (horizontal), at an angle inside the package, creating zones of shock load localization (Fig. 2). The striking element, acting on the internal protection 2, stretches the Kevlar threads and means of localization of the shock load in the energy absorbing device 3, compresses the distance pad 4 forming a funnel in the internal protection 2, the dimensions of which are limited by the means of localization of the shock load. The dimensions of the funnel depend on the capabilities of the system "Damaging element - armor protection - distance laying - Kevlar - means of localization of shock load". The optimal characteristics of the materials of the specified system and the size of the zones of impact localization are selected empirically [3].

A remote gasket 4 is placed between the armor protection 1 and the energy absorbing device 3 and is designed to create an established distance between them in order to ensure that the useful work of absorbing the kinetic energy of the damaging elements until the Kevlar is fully stretched (before tearing) until it meets the base armor protection 1, as well as to create a favorable environment for spreading the striking element with a wide side and increase the area of its impact on Kevlar and the involvement of more foliage of Kevlar threads.

To achieve this, the spacer 4 contains a material (composition of materials) of the type Foam [4-6] and elements of the mounting device 6.

The cover 5 is made of a strong, sealed, moisture-resistant fabric such as “Oxford Fabric 600 Camouflage” [7] and is designed to: increase the service life, efficiency and reliability of the energy-absorbing device 3; fastening elements of internal protection 2 between themselves and element 2 to armor protection 1 (if necessary); performing a decorative function - improving the appearance of the interior of the reserved compartment.

The fastening device 6 is a detachable connection type "bolt-nut" [8], "bolt-bonk", "screw", "cord", "glue" and others. It contains: fastening elements of armor protection 1; fasteners for internal protection 2; fasteners connecting 1 and 2 to each other.

The bonding film 8 [9] is made of a material of the fluoroplastic-4 type [10] and is intended to improve the operation of the energy-absorbing device 3, to exclude cases of unhindered penetration of damaging elements having a pointed shape and spreading Kevlar filaments, to enhance the effects of Kevlar interfiber friction and to localize the propagation shock loading, sealing Kevlar and increasing its service life.

In order to increase the efficiency of use of Kevlar, the energy-absorbing device 3 can be made in the form of individual packets of a certain size. The optimal sheet size is selected empirically. The sheets are sealed in a bonding film with a deep penetration of the film, placed in a cover 5 with overlapping, the inner protection 2 is stitched with high-strength threads around the perimeter, if necessary, vertically, horizontally. Standardization of the size of the packages of the energy-absorbing device 3 significantly increases the manufacturability of the manufacture of the invention and ensures ease of design.

The described technical solution works as follows.

In FIG. 3. presents cross sections of the reserved compartment and the stages of the invention: a - 1st stage; 6 - 2nd stage; in - 3rd stage.

In the absence of anti-shatter and anti-ricochet protection:

The striking element in the process of breaking through armor protection 1 loses part of its kinetic energy and carries small fragments of armor into the protected armored compartment with an angle of expansion of fragments of more than 120 degrees. The fragments hit the personnel on the opposite side, and the striking element, having a sufficiently large supply of kinetic energy, ricochets from the sides several times and affects almost the entire crew.

In the presence of anti-shatter and anti-ricochet protection:

In the first stage ("a" of Fig. 3).

The striking element in the process of breaking through the armor protection 1 loses part of its kinetic energy and carries small pieces of armor into the protected armored compartment with an angle of spread of more than 120 degrees. The fragments, falling into the internal protection 2, are partially delayed in the cover 5, the remote gasket 4, but for the most part - in the energy absorbing device 3.

The striking element, as a result of interaction with the distance gasket material 4, expands and acts on the energy absorbing device 3 with a wide side, in which Kevlar stretches and loads shock localization means 7 (for example: high-strength seams) increases the compressive forces in the energy-absorbing device 3 and internal protection 2 in general, it increases interfiber friction in Kevlar and involves previously unused threads of special fabric, increases the amount of absorbed energy of the damaging element. This effect is significantly enhanced with a decrease in the localization zone of the shock load and as a result of the use of a fastening film 8.

After reaching the tensile strength of high-strength Kevlar filaments, the striking element, having lost part of the kinetic energy, breaks through the first energy-absorbing device 3 and continues to move in the protected armored compartment.

In the second stage ("b" Fig. 3).

Having flown the protected armored compartment, the striking element acts on the second energy-absorbing device 3, in which Kevlar is stretched (Kevlar loading increases efforts in means of localizing the shock load 7 and increases the interfiber friction in Kevlar) and compresses the elastic material of the distance pad 4, creating a funnel at the impact site. The dimensions of the funnel are determined by the density and elasticity of the material, as well as the size of the zone created, for example, by high-strength seams of means of localization of shock load 7. In the region of a high-strength seam, the largest amount of interfiber friction in Kevlar is provided. An increase in the number of high-strength welds to a certain level leads to an increase in the interfiber friction force, equalization of the degree of loading of high-strength Kevlar filaments and a decrease in the size of the funnel. When the striking element acts on the energy-absorbing device 3, the interfiber friction increases as the compression force of the elastic material of the spacer 4 from the side of the energy-absorbing device 3 increases, the proportion of unloaded high-strength threads decreases, the force in them is leveled, as a result, the amount of useful work performed by the internal protection 2 increases and the additional kinetic energy of the damaging element is absorbed. The use of a bonding film 8 enhances the described effect, and also seals Kevlar, increasing its service life. This effect is further enhanced in the manufacture of an energy-absorbing device 3 from individual sheets of optimal size, which are sealed in a bonding film 8, after which they are laid in a cover 5 with an overlap and fixed with high-strength threads. These measures significantly increase the efficiency of Kevlar and reduce the number of layers of ballistic tissue.

After reaching the tensile strength of high-strength Kevlar filaments, the striking element, having lost part of the kinetic energy, breaks through the second energy-absorbing device 3 and acts on the material of the spacer 4.

In the third stage ("c" of Fig. 3).

The striking element, as a result of interaction with the material of the distance pad 4, unfolds and wide sideways (reduces the probability of penetration) affects the armor protection 1, which bends under the influence of the striking element and discards it (i.e., bounces) into the distance pad 4.

As a result of interaction with the material of the distance pad 4, the striking element unfolds and acts on the energy-absorbing device 3 with a wide side, in which Kevlar stretches and loads the means of localization of the shock load 7, increasing the compression force on the energy-absorbing device 3, the distance pad 4 and the internal protection 2 as a whole , thereby increasing interfiber friction in Kevlar and involving previously unused threads in the work. Having lost the rest of the kinetic energy, the striking element is stuck in Kevlar.

Means of localization of shock load 7 significantly reduce the load on the elements of the fastening device 6 providing the invention with increased reliability of the fasteners and the exclusion of periodic maintenance and repair of the product.

The above-described effect is further enhanced in the manufacture of the energy-absorbing device 3 from individual Kevlar sheets of optimal size, which are sealed in a bonding film 8 with deep penetration, after which they are laid in the cover 5 with overlap and fixed with high-strength seams. These measures significantly increase the efficiency of using the energy-absorbing device 3 and reduce the number of layers of expensive Kevlar special fabric.

The influence of the elements of the invention on the technical result was established during the fire tests of five different prototypes, each of which contained two identical armored packages: a fragment (200 × 200 mm) of armor plate armor protection 1 and a fragment of internal protection 2 and elements of the mounting device 6. B During the tests, the armored packages were installed on the line of fire one after the other at a predetermined distance (2.5 m - the width between the armored sides of the car), the "1-2 - 2-1" system was created - a fragment of the protected compartment model. The fact of the absence of a rebound and fragments in the space between the armored packets was determined by the results of damage to paper witnesses. According to the test results established:

- the invention (in its entirety: according to paragraphs 1-3 of the formula) ensured the exclusion of a rebound with a minimum number of Kevlar layers (experiment 1);

- the technical solution, made in accordance with paragraphs 1 and 2 of the claims, ensured the exclusion of a rebound with an increased (relative to experiment 1) number of Kevlar layers (experiment 2);

- the technical solution, made in accordance with paragraph 1 of the claims, ensured the exclusion of a rebound with an increased (relative to experiment 2) number of Kevlar layers (experiment 3);

- a technical solution made in accordance with paragraph 1 of the claims in part (without means of localizing the shock load 7) ensured the exclusion of a rebound with an increased (relative to experiment 3) number of Kevlar layers and reinforced Kevlar fastening (experiment 4);

- the prototype (Kevlar stretched on a spatial frame) ensured the exclusion of a rebound with an increased (relative to experiment 4) number of Kevlar layers and reinforced Kevlar mount (experiment 5);

- the complexity of the design, manufacture and operation of the invention (prototype for experiment 1 - a sewing product) is significantly lower than the prototype (prototype for experiment 5 - Kevlar on a metal frame).

Thus, the claimed invention provides a significant increase in the efficiency of Kevlar, reducing the complexity of the design, manufacture and operation of protection.

The invention meets the criterion of “INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY”, since the description of the patent contains the purpose of the invention (its components), means and methods by which it is possible to carry out the invention as described in each of the claims, examples of the implementation of the components are given. inventions.

List of literature

1. C. Lawrence High Performance Textiles and Their Applications // Woodhead Publishing. - 2014 .-- C. 99 (Kevlar).

2. http: //newchemistry.ra/letter.php? N_id = 864

3. GOST P 50963-96. Armored car protection. General technical requirements.

4. Dvorin L.I., Dvorin O.L. Building materials science. - M .: Infra-Engineering, 2013 .-- 832 p.

5. Batrakov A. N., Ampleeva I. A., “Crosslinked and non-crosslinked foams, their similarities and differences”, Industrial and Civil Engineering 9/2005, Publishing House “PGS”, ISSN 0869-7019.

6. Prizhizhetsky SI., Samsonenko A. V. "A new standard for the design of thermal insulation of equipment and pipelines.", Industrial and Civil Engineering 12/2008, Publishing House "PGS", ISSN 0869-7019.

7.Http: //alsts.m/tkani/kamuflirovannye-tkani/tkan-oksford-600-kamuflyazh.html

8. GOST 1759.0-87 Bolts, screws, studs and nuts. Technical conditions

9. Patent RU 2147721, publ.: 04.20.2000.

10. GOST 24222-80. Ftoroplast-4 film and tape. Technical conditions

Claims (3)

1. Anti-shatter and anti-ricochet protection, containing armor protection, internal protection and a device for attaching internal protection to armor protection, characterized in that the internal protection is made in the form of a system of elements interconnected by means of impact localization, including a cover, an energy-absorbing device and a distance between armor protection and energy absorbing device. 2. The anti-shatter and anti-ricochet protection according to claim 1 is characterized in that the energy-absorbing device is sealed in a bonding film. 3. The anti-shatter and anti-ricochet protection according to claim 1 is characterized in that the energy-absorbing device is made up of separate sheets that are sealed in a bonding film, laid in a durable airtight cover with an overlap and fixed.

Images