JP2008515669A - Light armor for many high-speed bullets - Google Patents

Abstract

Fiber reinforced articles with applications for ballistic resistance, shock absorption and penetration resistance against numerous high speed bullets in body armor, helmets, breast pads, helicopter seats, spall shields and other applications. The article is composed of at least one front laminate and a second laminate, the front laminate comprising at least one ply of strong inorganic fibers in a polymer matrix, and the second laminate. Comprises at least one ply of strong polymer fibers in a polymer matrix.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

Background of the Invention
1. FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention is for use in body armor, helmets, breastplates, helicopter seats, spall shields, and other applications for ballistic resistance, shock absorption and penetration resistance for high speed bullets. It relates to the fiber reinforced article which has.

2. Description of Related Art Modern body armor designed for protection against handgun ammunition at a speed of about 1000 ft / sec (305 m / sec) is usually a woven fabric of fibers twisted together in a flexible bundle or Formed from a thin layer of nonwoven sheet of fibers. However, body armor designed to stop heavy rifle bullets with speeds in excess of 2000 ft / sec (610 m / sec) is weight, thickness, flexibility, multiple hit performance, transient deformation ( In order to meet the opposing requirements of blunt trauma) and durability, generally more complex structures are required. The armor can incorporate rigid front and / or rear components to deform the bullet or absorb its energy. Inorganic materials such as ceramics find use in such armor due to their high hardness and low density compared to metals. Plates and tiles, commonly used forms of ceramic, are often crushed in the process of deforming a bullet, and therefore provide little protection against the subsequent bullet hit. This problem is particularly evident in the case of bullets containing steel penetrating warheads designed to penetrate armor.

  There are many ballistic structures described in the prior art, but most are not directed to protection against rifle bullets or multiple hit performances. U.S. Pat. No. 4,111,097 describes a laminated multilayer armor comprising steel and tungsten wire mesh in foamed plastic. U.S. Pat. No. 4,868,040 describes a three-element composite comprising a front textile fabric composite, a ceramic tile energy absorber and a rear textile fabric composite. U.S. Pat. No. 5,221,807 describes a front ceramic plate with regularly arranged chambers, an intermediate layer with a honeycomb structure, and a rear plate that can be Kevlar® fiber, ceramic matrix composite or steel The armor comprising is described. U.S. Pat. No. 5,545,455 describes a rigid composite comprising a polymeric fibrous layer that is stitched together and continuously surrounded by a fibrous strip. The stitched fiber can be an inorganic fiber. U.S. Pat. No. 5,456,156 describes an armor comprising a metal reinforced ceramic and a strong backing plate. U.S. Pat. No. 5,635,288 includes an unidirectionally oriented polymer fiber bonded at its outer surface by an integral front plate and plastic film made of ceramic, steel, glass, aluminum, titanium or graphite. A hard composite comprising a rear layer of is described.

  US Pat. No. 5,677,029 includes a hard object in the shape of a cut-in triangle or hexagon in which a number of seams are formed and the armor is positioned to be flexible along the direction of the seams The armor of a flexible fiber composite material with a surface of The rigid body can be reinforced with polymers or inorganic fibers. US Pat. No. 6,035,438 describes a body armor comprising a ceramic disk placed in a scaly pattern sandwiched between layers of high strength fibers. US Pat. No. 6,510,777 describes a vehicle armor of similar construction. U.S. Pat. No. 6,127,291 describes a flexible penetration-resistant composite comprising a lower ply of polymer or inorganic ballistic fiber fabric. U.S. Pat. No. 6,323,145 B1 describes a penetration resistant interwoven yarn structure of high strength polymer or inorganic fibers. U.S. Pat. No. 6,389,594 describes an antiballistic article comprising a ceramic plate maintained under an isostatic pressure of at least 10 atmospheres by resin encapsulation.

  US Pat. No. 6,408,733 B1 describes an armor for protection against multiple bullets comprising an integral ceramic front component and an aramid fiber composite lower substrate. US Pat. No. 6,532,857 B1 describes a ceramic array armor comprising ceramic tiles encapsulated with elastomers spaced apart from each other and an optional metal backing. US Pat. No. 6,601,497 B2 describes an armor component comprising a polygonal ceramic tile constrained in a packaging material, wherein the packaging material is in a high strength fiber, polymer composite matrix. One of a high strength fiber, a high strength fiber in a metal substrate, a high strength metal strip, and a high strength metal wire can be included.

  US Patent Application 2001/0053645 A1 describes a multilayer ballistic article comprising at least one hard armor layer and at least one fibrous armor layer, wherein the fibers of one fibrous ply are adjacent fiber plies. Make an angle of less than 45 ° to the fiber. The material of the hard armor layer is a metal, a metal / ceramic composite, a ceramic, a cured polymer, or a combination thereof.

  Each patented article cited above represents a state of the art improvement. However, it does not describe the specific structure of the article of the present invention and does not satisfy all of the needs met by the present invention. It is a primary object of the present invention to provide a light weight bulletproof and penetration resistant composite having multiple hit resistance against high speed bullets.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides:
a) A front laminate comprising one or more plies, wherein the front laminate comprises at least one front comprising a plurality of layers of unidirectional inorganic fibers in a polymer matrix. The layers in the ply have the same composition and structure, and the layers in adjacent plies of the front laminate differ in composition and / or structure, and the inorganic fibers Is composed of filaments having a tensile strength of at least 2.0 GPa and a density less than 4.0 g / cm ³ , wherein the direction of the fibers in each layer is at an angle with the direction of the fibers in the adjacent layers. The front laminate; and b) a second laminate integrated in a face-to-face relationship with the front laminate, wherein the second laminate comprises: One or more plies Each ply comprises a plurality of layers of reticulated polymer fibers, the polymer fibers having a tenacity of at least 17 g / d, wherein the reticulated structure optionally comprises a polymeric matrix material. The ply in the second laminate is defined by a layer having the same composition and structure, which is different from the composition and / or structure of the layer in an adjacent ply, Said second laminate;
It is a bulletproof and penetration-resistant article comprising

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention is a fiber reinforced article having applications for bulletproof, shock absorption and penetration resistance against numerous high speed bullets in body armor, helmets, breastplates, helicopter seats, debris shields and other applications. is there.

The present invention is a ballistic and penetration resistant article comprising a) a front laminate and b) a second laminate integrated between surfaces. The front laminate comprises one or more plies, the front plies comprising a plurality of layers of unidirectional inorganic fibers in the substrate. One ply is defined by a layer having the same composition and structure and differing in composition and / or structure from the layers in adjacent plies. The inorganic fiber comprises a filament having a tensile strength of at least 2.0 GPa and a density less than 4.0 g / cm ³ . The direction of the fibers in each layer forms an angle with the direction of the fibers in adjacent layers.

  The second laminate comprises one or more plies, each of which comprises a plurality of layers of network polymer fibers. The polymer fiber has a tenacity of at least 17 g / d. The network may optionally contain a substrate material. One ply has the same composition and structure and is defined by layers that differ in composition and / or structure from the layers in adjacent plies.

  As used herein, a “laminate” is a sheet-like component (layer) placed one on top of the other, loosened by stitching, for example, at its ends or at its corners, or, for example, a full area bond Means a structure that is either firmly or integrated at any intermediate level, for example by clasps, clamps, stitching, partial bonding, or other suitable means.

  For the purposes of the present invention, a fiber is an elongate object whose length dimension is much larger than the lateral dimensions of width and thickness. Thus, “fiber” as used herein refers to one or more filaments, ribbons, strips, etc. that have a regular or irregular cross-section with a continuous or discontinuous length. including. A yarn is an assembly of continuous or discontinuous fibers.

  As used herein, a “fiber network” or “network” is used to form a plurality of fibers arranged in a predetermined arrangement, or a twisted or untwisted yarn. The yarns are arranged in a predetermined configuration. The network of fibers can have various structures. For example, the fibers or yarns can be constructed into felts, knitted fabrics, braids, woven fabrics, randomly oriented nonwoven fabrics (eg airlaid), unidirectionally oriented nonwoven fabrics, or by any conventional technique It can be formed into a network structure. According to a particularly preferred network configuration, the fibers are unidirectionally aligned so that they are substantially parallel to each other along the length of the network layer. However, this does not mean to exclude the use of a small number of parallel and / or non-parallel fibers for the purpose of stabilizing other fibers, as known in the art.

  In a further embodiment, the article of the invention comprises a) a front laminate and b) a second laminate, combined with these, as described above and integrated between the surfaces. And c) a third laminate superposed on the surfaces.

  The third laminate further comprises one or more plies, each of which comprises a plurality of layers of network polymer fibers that do not contain a substrate. The polymer fibers have a tenacity of at least 17 g / d and one ply has the same composition and structure and is defined by a layer that differs in composition and / or structure from the layers in adjacent plies. .

In another embodiment, the article of the present invention comprises a) a front laminate and b) a second laminate, combined with these, as described above and integrated surface-to-surface. And c) a third laminate integrated on the surface with the object. This third laminate further comprises one or more plies, each of which comprises a plurality of layers of unidirectional inorganic fibers in a polymer matrix. Here, one ply has the same composition and structure and is defined by a layer that differs in composition and / or structure from the layers in adjacent plies. The inorganic fiber has a tensile strength of at least 2.0 GPa and a density less than 4.0 g / cm ³ . The direction of the fibers in each layer forms an angle with the direction of the fibers in adjacent layers.

  In yet another aspect, the article of the present invention comprises a) a front laminate and b) a second laminate, and a second laminate and a second laminate c) superimposed on the surfaces. 3 laminates.

In this embodiment, the first laminate comprises at least three plies, the front ply comprises a plurality of unidirectional inorganic fibers, and the second ply comprises a titanium metal plate. And the third ply comprises a plurality of unidirectional inorganic fibers. The entire surface of the titanium metal plate forming the second ply is buried with the first and third plies. One ply has the same composition and structure and is defined by a layer that differs in composition and / or structure from the layers in adjacent plies. Inorganic fibers are composed of filaments having a tensile strength of at least 2.0 GPa and a density of less than 4.0 g / cm ³ . As in the previous embodiment, the direction of the fibers in each layer forms an angle with the direction of the fibers in the adjacent layers.

  The second and third layers of this embodiment independently comprise one or more plies, each of which comprises a plurality of layers of network polymer fibers. The polymer fibers have a tenacity of at least 17 g / d, and the network may optionally contain a polymer matrix material. As in the previous embodiment, one ply has the same composition and structure and is defined by a layer that differs in composition and / or structure from the layers in adjacent plies.

In each embodiment, it is understood that the front laminate faces the direction of the incoming threat.
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of one article 100 of the present invention comprising a front laminate 50 and a second laminate 60. In the illustrated article, the front laminate 50 is comprised of a single ply comprising multiple layers of unidirectional inorganic fibers in a polymer matrix. The direction of the fibers in each layer makes an angle with the direction of the fibers in the adjacent layers, and the composition and structure in each layer are the same. The second laminate 60 is bonded to the front laminate 50 on the surface. The second laminate 60 is also composed of a single ply comprising a plurality of layers of unidirectional polymer fibers in a polymer matrix. The direction of the fibers in each layer makes an angle with the direction of the fibers in the adjacent layers, and the composition and structure in each layer are the same.

  FIG. 2 shows a book comprising a front laminate 50 comprising two plies 10 and 20; a second laminate 60 comprising two plies 30 and 40; and a third laminate 70 comprising one ply. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment 200 of the invention. The plies 10 and 20 of the first laminate 50 are distinguished from each other by comprising layers of different mineral fibers and / or different substrates and / or different structures. The plies 30 and 40 of the second laminate 60 are distinguished from each other by different polymer fibers and / or different substrates or absence of substrates and / or consisting of layers of different structures. Laminate 70 consists of a single ply having the same composition and structure of each layer.

  FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of yet another article 300 of the present invention comprising a front laminate 80, a second laminate 85, and a third laminate 90. The front laminate 80 consists of three plies. The front ply 81 consists of a plurality of layers of unidirectional inorganic fibers in a polymer matrix, wherein the direction of the fibers in each layer forms an angle with the direction of the fibers in the adjacent layers, The composition and structure of each layer are the same. The second ply 82 of the first laminate is a titanium metal plate embedded in the entire surface by the first and third plies (81 and 83). The third ply 83 of the first laminate 80 consists of a plurality of layers of unidirectional inorganic fibers in the polymer matrix, wherein the direction of the fibers in each layer is the direction of the fibers in the adjacent layers. The direction forms an angle, and the composition and structure of each layer are the same. The second laminate 85 is composed of a single ply consisting of a plurality of layers of unidirectional polymer fibers in a polymer matrix, where the direction of the fibers in each layer is the fibers in adjacent layers. And the direction and the composition of each layer is the same. The third laminate 90 is also composed of a single ply consisting of multiple layers of unidirectional polymer fibers in the polymer matrix, where the direction of the fibers in each layer is in the adjacent layers. The fiber direction is at an angle, and the composition and structure of each layer is the same.

  Preferably, each laminate in the article of the present invention is an equilibrium construction. A balanced configuration laminate structure is one in which all layers are found in pairs of ± θ ° relative to the centerline of the laminate, or only at 0/90 °. Preferably, the angle between the fibers in adjacent layers is 45 to 90 degrees.

Preferably, the filaments constituting the inorganic fibers have a tensile strength and 3.4 g / cm ³ less than the density of at least 2.4 GPa, more preferably, than the tensile strength and 3.4 g / cm ³ at least 3.4GPa It has a low density, and most preferably has a tensile strength of at least 4.0 GPa and a density less than 3.1 g / cm ³ .

Some examples of inorganic fibers useful in the laminates of the present invention are listed in Table I. The abbreviation “CVD” in Table I means chemical vapor deposition.
A ply can be constructed of fibers listed in Table I, singly or in combination. Different composition filaments can be combined into a single fiber / yarn, or unidirectional layers of different composition fibers / yarns placed parallel to each other in a regular or irregular arrangement Can be built with. One ply has the same composition and structure and is defined by layers that differ in composition and / or structure from the layers in adjacent plies. A laminate can be constructed of several plies, each with a different fiber and / or a different substrate. A laminate can also be constructed with several plies, each having the same mineral fibers and substrate, but with different filaments and / or substrate concentrations.

  Preferably, the inorganic fibers making up the laminate are boron chemically deposited on tungsten or silicon carbide deposited on carbon, and combinations thereof. Preferably, the inorganic fibers constitute 60 to 95 weight percent of the laminate.

  The polymer fibers constituting the ply of the second laminate or the third laminate are preferably high molecular weight polyethylene, aramid, polybenzazole, rigid rod polymer fibers (such as the M5® brand) and these Selected from the group consisting of combinations.

  As used herein, the term polyethylene can contain a small amount of branched or comonomer that does not exceed 5 modifying units per 100 main chain carbon atoms and is further about 50 wt. % Or more of alkene-1-polymers, especially low density polyethylene, polypropylene or polybutylene, copolymers containing monoolefins as the main monomer, oxidized polyolefins, grafted polyolefin copolymers and polyoxymethylene It means primarily linear polyethylene materials that can contain polymerizable additives or low molecular weight additives such as antioxidants, lubricants, UV screening agents, colorants, etc. as a mixture.

  High molecular weight polyethylene for the purposes of the present invention has an intrinsic viscosity in decalin at 135 ° C. of from about 5 deciliters per gram (dl / g) to about 35 dl / g. Such high molecular weight polyethylene fibers can be grown in solution as described in US Pat. No. 4,137,394 or US Pat. No. 4,356,138, or the filaments are: To form a gel structure as described in German Patent Application 3,004,699 and British Patent 2051667 and in particular as described in US Pat. No. 4,413,110 Spun from solution and Honeywell International Inc. Sold under the trademark SPECTRA (R). The disclosure of US Pat. No. 4,413,110 is hereby incorporated by reference as long as it does not conflict with the present specification. Polyethylene fibers can also be made by rolling and drawing methods such as those described in US Pat. No. 5,702,657, and are manufactured by ITS Industries Inc. Commercially available under the trademark TENSYLON®.

  In the case of aramid fibers, suitable fibers formed from aromatic polyamides are described in US Pat. Nos. 3,671,542 and 5,010,168, which are incorporated herein by reference. The Aramid resin is an E.I. I. Dupont Co. Under the trademark KEVLAR (R) and NOMEX (R); by Teijin Twaron BV under the trademark TWARON (R), TECHNORA (R) and TEIJINCONEX (R); under the name ARMOS by JSC Chim Volokno; And it is commercially produced by Kamensk Volokno JSC under the names RUSAR and SVM. Poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide) and p-phenylene terephthalamide aramid copolymer fibers having moderately high modulus and tenacity values are particularly useful in the present invention. An example of a p-phenylene terephthalamide copolymer aramid useful in the present invention is co-poly- (paraphenylene 3,4'-oxydiphenylene terephthalamide). Also useful in the practice of the present invention are poly (m-phenylene isophthalamide) fibers.

  Polybenzazole fibers suitable for the practice of the present invention are described, for example, in US Pat. Nos. 5,286,833, 5,296,185, 5,356,584, which are incorporated herein by reference. No. 5,534,205 and 6,040,050. Preferably, the polybenzazole fiber is a Toyobo Co. ZYLON® poly (p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole) fiber from

  Suitable rigid rod polymers having the M5® brand structure of fibers are described in US Pat. Nos. 5,674,969, 5,939,553, 5, which are incorporated herein by reference. 945,537 and 6,040,478. A preferred fiber is Magellan Systems International, LLC. M5 (R) brand available from

  The network of fibers in the second laminate or the third laminate ply can be constructed of the polymer fibers listed above, singly or in combination. Different component filaments can be combined into a single fiber. Unidirectional fiber networks can be constructed with fibers of different composition placed parallel to each other in a regular or irregular array. Felts, braids, knitted fabrics and woven fabrics can use different fibers in different directions. One ply has the same composition and structure and is defined by a layer that differs in composition and / or structure from the layers in adjacent plies. The second laminate or the third laminate can be constructed with several plies, each having a different polymer fiber, a different substrate or substrate, or a different fiber network. Because different polymer fibers have different ballistic effectiveness for different speed projectiles, the second laminate closest to the front laminate contains the fibers that are most effective for high speed projectiles. It is preferable to construct with ply.

Preferably, the polymer fibers comprise 75 to 100 weight percent of the second laminate, with the balance being the substrate material.
The polymer matrix used in the inorganic fiber network preferably has an initial tensile modulus of at least 400,000 psi (2.76 GPa) as measured by ASTM D638-94b. More preferably, the polymer matrix in at least one ply in the front laminate has an initial tensile modulus of at least 1 × 10 ⁶ psi (6.9 GPa) as measured by ASTM D638-94b. High modulus substrate resins useful in the laminates of the present invention include thermosetting allyl, amino, cyanate, epoxy, phenolic resin, unsaturated polyester, bismaleimide, rigid polyurethane, silicone, vinyl ester and copolymers and formulations thereof. Including things. It is only important that the substrate resin possesses the required initial tensile modulus. A thermosetting vinyl ester resin is preferred.

  Preferably, the vinyl ester is one produced by esterification of a polyfunctional epoxy resin with an unsaturated monocarboxylic acid, usually methacrylic acid or acrylic acid. Exemplary vinyl esters include diglycidyl adipate, diglycidyl isophthalate, di- (2,3-epoxybutyl) adipate, di- (2,3-epoxybutyl) oxalate, di- (2,3-succinate) Epoxyhexyl), di- (3,4-epoxybutyl) maleate, di- (2,3-epoxyoctyl) pimelate, di- (2,3-epoxybutyl) phthalate, di- (2) tetrahydrophthalate , 3-epoxyoctyl), di- (4,5-epoxydodecyl maleate), di- (2,3-epoxybutyl) terephthalate, di- (2,3-epoxypentyl) thiodipropionate, diphenyldicarboxylic Di- (5,6-epoxytetradecyl) acid, di- (3,4-epoxyheptyl) sulfonyldibutyrate, tri- (2,3-epoxybutyl) -1, , 4-butanetricarboxylate, di- (5,6-epoxypentadecyl maleate), di- (2,3-epoxybutyl) azelate, di- (3,4-epoxypentadecyl) citrate, cyclohexane Includes di- (epoxyoctyl) -1,3-dicarboxylate, di- (4,5-epoxyoctadecyl) malonate, bisphenol-A-fumaric acid polyester and similar materials.

  Most preferred is an epoxy-based vinyl ester resin such as DERAKANE® resin manufactured by Dow Chemical Company.

  The polymeric substrate optionally used in the second laminate ply is preferably an elastomer having an initial tensile modulus less than 6000 psi (41.3 MPa) as measured by ASTM D638-94b. A wide range of elastomeric materials and blends having a suitably low modulus can be used in the present invention. For example, any of the following materials: polybutadiene, polyisoprene, natural rubber, ethylene-propylene copolymer, ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer, polysulfide polymer, polyurethane elastomer, chlorosulfinated polyethylene, polychloroprene, dioctyl phthalate or in the art Plasticized polyvinyl chloride, butadiene acrylonitrile elastomer, poly (isobutylene-co-isoprene), polyacrylic acid, polyester, polyether, fluoroelastomer, silicone elastomer, thermoplastic elastomer, ethylene copolymer using other known plasticizers Can be used. Preferred are block copolymers of conjugated dienes and vinyl aromatic copolymers. Many of these polymers are available from Kraton Polymers, Inc. Is manufactured commercially.

Alternatively, if the article of the present invention is used as hard armor or has a structural role, the polymer substrate optionally used in the ply of the second laminate is preferably ASTM It has an initial tensile modulus measured by D638-94b of at least 400,000 psi (2.76 GPa), more preferably 1 × 10 ⁶ psi (6.9 GPa). A thermosetting vinyl ester resin is preferred.

  As used herein, the term “matrix” does not mean any particular degree of filling of void volume in or between layers. Since the impact properties of the laminate are almost completely determined by the fiber content, and it is desired to minimize the weight of the laminate, the substrate content is preferably consistent with the requirements of a particular manufacturing method. And kept as low as possible. The level of substrate necessary to stabilize the layer and maintain a robust manufacturing operation is known to those skilled in the art.

  The substrate resin can be applied to the fiber in a variety of ways, and any method known to those skilled in the art can be used. Preferably, the layer of unidirectional fibers in the substrate is formed by a continuous process schematically illustrated in FIG. Fiber is fed from the creel 102 and passes through the combing station 104 to form a unidirectional network. Different fibers can be arranged in a creel so as to produce a network of fibers periodically or in other arrangements in the transverse direction. The fiber network is then placed on a support web, which can be a substrate 106 of paper or plastic film or plastic sheet. A substrate composition is applied at 108 to the fiber network. The substrate composition can contain a solvent diluent or it can be in the form of an aqueous dispersion for easy application. The coated fiber network then passes through a pair of rollers 110. The roller spreads the substrate composition into the fibers. The roller, to the extent not inconsistent with the present specification, produces a non-homogeneously distributed substrate as described in US Pat. No. 5,093,158, which is incorporated herein by reference. Can be designed. The coated fiber network is then passed through a heated oven 112 to evaporate any solvent or water in the substrate composition. A nip roller 116 is used to pull the support web and prepreg through the system. The layered substrate and prepreg can then be wound onto a roller 118 in preparation for the construction of the article of the invention.

  A preferred laminate ply is preferably from a continuous roll of unidirectional prepreg as described above, to the extent not inconsistent with the present specification, U.S. Pat. , 173, 138 or 5,766, 725, by a continuous cross-ply operation, or by hand forming, or any suitable means. With respect to the apparatus and drawings of US Pat. No. 5,173,138, one prepreg roll is placed on the unwinding roll 11 of the cross-ply machine and the second prepreg roll is placed on the unwinding roll 17. . The support web can be peeled from the prepreg or it can be part of the final laminate.

  The fiber composition of the prepreg roll can be the same or different. The prepreg (layer) is consolidated by application of heat and pressure in a cross-ply apparatus. Crosslinkable substrate resins are generally not cured at this stage of construction.

  In order to build a preferred laminate ply with more than one pair of layers, the cross-ply product is itself cross-ply and then cross-plied multiple times to produce the desired laminate structure. can do. In each cross-ply operation, the number of layers can be doubled. Alternatively, the second and subsequent cross-ply operations can be performed on different numbers of layers in the prepreg to be cross-ply. If the number of layers becomes too large for continuous roll formation, cross-ply can be done by hand or any suitable means.

  Finally, the ply is assembled by stacking the surfaces together. The plies can be integrated by bonding under pressure and temperature sufficient to cure any thermoset substrate resin. Depending on the type of fiber and substrate present, temperatures of about 90 ° C to about 160 ° C and pressures of about 100 psi to about 2500 psi (69-17,000 kPa) are used.

The article of the present invention has a combination of light weight and resistance to multiple high speed bullets not previously seen. One measure of weight efficiency is the specific energy absorption of the laminate at the V50 rate. V50 speed is the speed at which 50% of the bullets are through the laminate as determined by MIL-STD662E. Preferably, the laminate of the present invention has a ratio of at least 100 J-m ² / kg at V50 velocity when impacted by a 7.62 × 51 147 grain (9.53 g) bullet in an M80 ball. Has an energy absorption rate.

  Surprisingly, the resistance of the articles of the invention to penetration by subsequent bullets that impact a small area remains unaffected even after multiple hits. Even more surprisingly, the article of the present invention maintains its resistance to multiple hits by a bullet containing a steel bullet core designed to penetrate the armor. This is in sharp contrast to an article having an unreinforced integrated ceramic component that is crushed by the first bullet. Preferably, the article of the present invention is placed in a 15 cm × 15 cm side area at a speed of at least 2000 ft / sec (610 m / sec) with a 7.62 × 51 147 grain (9.53 g) bullet in an M80 envelope. When continuously impacted, the minimum penetration speed for the third bullet is not less than 90% of the minimum penetration speed of the first bullet, more preferably not less than 95% of the minimum penetration speed of the first bullet. Have.

  Even more preferably, the article of the present invention is a side area of 15 cm × 15 cm at a speed of at least 2000 ft / sec (610 m / sec) with a 7.62 × 51 147 grain (9.53 g) bullet in an M80 package. When continuously impacted in, the minimum for the fifth bullet not less than 90% of the minimum penetration speed of the first bullet, and more preferably not less than 95% of the minimum penetration speed of the first bullet It has a penetration speed.

  Even more preferably, the article of the present invention is a side area of 15 cm × 15 cm at a speed of at least 2000 ft / sec (610 m / sec) with a 7.62 × 51 147 grain (9.53 g) bullet in an M80 package. When continuously impacted in, the minimum penetration for the seventh bullet not less than 90% of the minimum penetration speed of the first bullet, most preferably not less than 95% of the minimum penetration speed of the first bullet Have speed.

  Preferably, the article of the present invention further comprises 123 gr. (7.97 g) (Russian AK-47) bullet, the first bullet when continuously impacted within a 15 cm x 15 cm side area at a speed of at least 1900 ft / sec (579 m / sec) Has a minimum penetration rate for the third, fifth or seventh bullet not less than 90% of the minimum penetration rate.

  Although it is not bound by any particular theory as to how the present invention works, the high hardness of the inorganic fibers in the front laminate is that performed on an integrated plate of the same material. It is thought to work in a similar manner, to deform and slow the bullet. However, because the fibers are arranged in a unidirectional array, fiber breaks are limited to short distances along their length. Furthermore, in contrast to textile networks where there is a direct connection between the fibers, the bullet shock waves are attenuated when transmitted laterally through the substrate but to the unconnected fibers. Is done. Thus, many fibers in a given area of the front laminate remain intact and are available to perform the function of deforming and slowing subsequent bullets.

  The following examples are given to provide a more complete understanding of the invention. The specific techniques, conditions, materials, ratios and reported data described to exemplify the principles of the invention are illustrative and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.

Example
Comparative Example A laminate panel was constructed consisting of an integrated silicon carbide (SiC) front plate and a rear laminate consisting of a layer of unidirectional high molecular weight polyethylene fibers bonded to the SiC plate. The SiC front plate had dimensions of 15.2 cm × 15.2 cm × 0.587 cm and it had an areal density of 3.76 lbs / ft ² (18.38 Kg / m ² ). . SiC plates are available from Saint-Gobain Advanced Ceramics, Niagara Falls, NY. Manufactured by. This was a fired form of α-SiC having a density of 3.10 g / cm ³ , an elastic modulus of 410 GPa and a Knoop hardness of 2800 kg / mm ² .

The rear laminate is a Honeywell International Inc. bonded together under heat and pressure. 56 sheets of SPECTRA SHIELD® PCR sheets, each of which consists of two unidirectional layers of high molecular weight polyethylene fibers in a thermoplastic elastomer substrate and 0 ° / 90 ° It was cross-ply. The thickness of the back laminate was 0.3 inches (0.76 cm) and it had an areal density of 1.51 lbs / ft ² (7.38 Kg / m ² ). The overall density of the laminated panel was 5.27 pounds / ft ² (25.75 Kg / m ² ).

  A 1.35 cm thick laminated panel was continuously fired with 7.62 × 51 mm 147 grain (9.53 g) bullets of two M80 wraps. The first bullet fired at a speed of 3081 ft / sec (939 m / sec) did not penetrate the laminated panel, but shattered the front SiC plate. A second bullet fired at a speed of only 1625 ft / sec (495 m / sec) penetrated the laminated panel.

Example 1
Unidirectional prepreg tapes chemically deposited on tungsten (CVD) were prepared by Specialty Materials, Inc, Lowell, MA. Obtained from The CVD boron filament was 0.004 inch (0.0102 cm) in diameter and had a density of 2.60 g / cm ³ and a tensile strength of 3.44 GPa. The CVD boron fiber was 67% by weight prepreg tape with the balance being epoxy resin. 34 CVD boron fiber / epoxy unidirectional tapes were cross-plied at 0 ° / 90 ° and formed into a front laminate in a press at 121 ° C. and 1.0 MPa. The surface density of the 15.2 cm × 15.2 cm × 0.526 cm laminate was 2.0 lbs / ft ² (9.77 Kg / m ² ).

The second laminate was bonded together with Honeywell International Inc. under heat and pressure. Formed from 74 SPECTRA SHIELD® PCR sheets, each of which consists of two internal unidirectional layers of high molecular weight polyethylene fibers in a substrate, crossed at 0 ° / 90 ° Plyed and had an external plastic film on each surface. The substrate was a styrene-isoprene-styrene thermoplastic elastomer having a tensile modulus of 200 psi (1.4 MPa). The high molecular weight polyethylene fiber had a tenacity of 30 g / d and constituted 80 weight percent of the laminate. The panel article of the present invention having a surface density of 4.0 lbs / ft ² (19.6 Kg / m ² ) is obtained by integrating (bonding) the second laminate with the first laminate on the surfaces. Produced.

  This 1.54 cm thick panel was fired continuously by continuous bullets of a 7.62 × 51 mm 147 grain (9.53 g) steel jacket, and the results shown in Table II below were obtained. . The bullet impacted the laminate on the front of the panel.

  The first two bullets at speeds of 2719 ft / sec (829 m / sec) and 2521 ft / sec (768 m / sec) penetrated the article of the present invention. The third bullet fired at 2379 ft / sec (725 m / sec) did not penetrate the panel. Accordingly, it was found that the minimum penetration speed for the first bullet was at least 2379 ft / sec (725 m / sec). Surprisingly, the fifth, seventh, ninth and eleventh bullets that fired this same panel at a speed not less than 98% of the minimum penetration speed of the first bullet also did not penetrate the panel. It was.

The articles of the present invention are also resistant to penetration that at least meets the requirements of NIJ Standard 0115.00 for Type 1 blades.
Example 2
Unidirectional prepreg tapes chemically deposited on tungsten (CVD) were prepared by Specialty Materials, Inc, Lowell, MA. Obtained from The CVD boron filament was 0.004 inch (0.0102 cm) in diameter and had a density of 2.60 g / cm ³ and a tensile strength of 3.44 GPa. The CVD boron fiber was 67% by weight prepreg tape with the balance being epoxy resin. 34 CVD boron fiber / epoxy unidirectional tape cross-ply at 0 ° / 90 ° and front laminate in autoclave at 116 ° C. external pressure of 344 KPa and 96 KPa vacuum Formed. The surface density of the 15.2 cm × 14.0 cm × 0.526 cm laminate was 2.0 lbs / ft ² (9.77 Kg / m ² ).

The second laminate was formed from 112 SPECTRA SHIELD® PLUS PCR consolidated sheets bonded together under heat and pressure, each sheet comprising two sheets of high molecular weight polyethylene fibers in a substrate. It consisted of an internal unidirectional layer, was cross-plied at 0 ° / 90 °, and had an external plastic film on each surface. The substrate was a styrene-isoprene-styrene thermoplastic elastomer having a tensile modulus of 200 psi (1.4 MPa). The high molecular weight polyethylene fiber had a tenacity of 30 g / d. The surface density of the laminate was 3 lbs / ft ² (14.66 Kg / m ² ).

A panel of the present invention having a thickness of 1.49 cm and an areal density of 5.0 lbs / ft ² (24.4 Kg / m ² ) by bonding the second laminate to the front laminate and the surfaces. Articles were made.

  This panel was attached to 123 gr. Of a 56 type actual package measuring 7.62 × 39 mm with a steel core of a steel penetration type warhead. (7.97 g) (Russian AK-47) bullets were fired continuously and the results shown in Table III were obtained. The bullet impacted the laminate on the front of the panel.

The panel article of the present invention maintained its minimum penetration speed of at least 1908 ft / sec (582 m / sec) even after shooting 9 bullets at it.
Example 3
The front laminate was formed identically to the front laminate of Example 2. The surface density of this front laminate having dimensions of 15.2 cm × 14.0 cm × 0.526 cm was 2.0 lbs / ft ² (9.77 Kg / m ² ).

The second laminate is formed from 172 SPECTRA SHIELD® PLUS PCR compacted sheets bonded together under heat and pressure, each sheet comprising two sheets of high molecular weight polyethylene fibers in a substrate. It consisted of an internal unidirectional layer, was cross-plyed at 0 ° / 90 °, and had an external plastic film on each surface. The substrate was a styrene-isoprene-styrene thermoplastic elastomer having a tensile modulus of 200 psi (1.4 MPa). The high molecular weight polyethylene fiber had a tenacity of 30 g / d and the area density of the laminate was 3.99 lbs / ft ² (19.5 Kg / m ² ).

A panel article of the invention having a thickness of 2.76 cm and an area density of 5.99 lbs / ft ² (29.3 Kg / m ² ), wherein the second laminate is bonded surface-to-surface with the front laminate. Was made. The panel was fired continuously with bullets of a 7.62 x 51 mm 147 grain (9.53 g) steel jacket of M80 wrap and the results shown in Table IV were obtained. The bullet impacted the laminate on the front of the panel.

The panel article of the present invention maintained its minimum penetration speed of at least 3018 ft / sec (920 m / sec) even after firing four bullets on it.
Example 4
The front laminate was formed identically to the front laminate of Example 2. The surface density of this front laminate having dimensions of 15.2 cm × 14.0 cm × 0.526 cm was 2.0 lbs / ft ² (9.77 Kg / m ² ).

The second laminate was formed the same as the second laminate of Example 3. The surface density of the laminate was 3.99 lbs / ft ² (19.5 Kg / m ² ).
A third laminate was formed from 24 GOLDFLEX® materials obtained from Honeywell International, layered together on the surfaces and stitched together around their ends, each sheet in the substrate Of aramid fibers were cross-plyed at 0 ° / 90 ° and had an external plastic film on each surface. The substrate was a styrene-isoprene-styrene thermoplastic elastomer having a tensile modulus of 200 psi (1.4 MPa). The aramid fiber had a tenacity of 22 g / d. The surface density of the laminate was 1.14 lbs / ft ² (5.57 Kg / m ² ).

The second laminate is bonded surface-to-front with the front laminate, and the third laminate is overlapped with the second laminate on the surface to a thickness of 3.48 cm, and 5.99 lbs / A panel article of the present invention having an areal density of ft ² (29.3 Kg / m ² ) was produced.

  This article was attached to 123gr. Of a 56 type actual package measuring 7.62 × 39 with a steel penetrating warhead core. (7.97 g) (Russian AK-47) bullets were fired continuously and the results shown in Table V were obtained. The bullet impacted the laminate on the front of the panel.

The panel article of the present invention maintained its minimum penetration speed of at least 3111 ft / sec (948 m / sec) even after shooting 6 bullets in it.
Example 5
The front laminate was formed identically to the front laminate of Example 1. The surface density of this front laminate having dimensions of 15.2 cm × 15.2 cm × 0.526 cm was 2.0 lbs / ft ² (9.77 Kg / m ² ).

The second laminate was formed from 27 aramid woven fabrics containing 15 weight percent vinyl ester substrate resin. The fabric is a plain weave having 21 × 21 / inch (8.27 / cm) woven from 1500 denier KEVLAR® No. 29 yarn, and Barrday, Inc. Obtained from. The substrate resin is Dow Chemical Co. containing 1.5% 2,5 dimethyl-2,5 di (2-ethylhexanoylperoxy) hexane curing agent. Derekane 411. Sheets of impregnated fibers were stacked and bonded together by heating, and the resin was bonded at 120 ° C. under a pressure of 500 psi (3.45 MPa). The initial tensile modulus of the untreated resin in the cured state was 460,000 psi (3.17 GPa). The surface density of the second laminate was 1.72 lbs / ft ² (9.77 Kg / m ² ).

A third laminate is formed from 24 GOLDFLEX® materials (Honeywell International Inc.) that are superposed on each other and stitched together around their ends, each sheet comprising a substrate It consisted of four internal unidirectional layers of aramid fibers inside, was cross-plied at 0 ° / 90 °, and had an external plastic film on each surface. The substrate was a styrene-isoprene-styrene thermoplastic elastomer having a tensile modulus of 200 psi (1.4 MPa). The aramid fiber had a tenacity of 22 g / d. The surface density of the laminate was 1.14 lbs / ft ² (5.57 Kg / m ² ).

The second laminate is bonded surface-to-front with the front laminate, and the third laminate is overlapped with the second laminate surface-to-surface. 4.86 lbs / ft ² (23.8 Kg / m An article of the present invention having a surface density of ² ) was produced.

  This article was fired continuously with bullets of a 7.62 × 51 mm 147 grain (9.53 g) steel jacket of M80 wrap and the results shown in Table VI were obtained. The bullet impacted the laminate on the front of the article.

The article of the present invention maintained its minimum penetration speed of at least 1950 ft / sec (594 m / sec) even after shooting 8 bullets at it.
Example 6
Unidirectional prepreg tapes chemically deposited on tungsten (CVD) were prepared by Specialty Materials, Inc, Lowell, MA. Obtained from The CVD boron filament was 0.004 inch (0.0102 cm) in diameter and had a density of 2.60 g / cm ³ and a tensile strength of 3.44 GPa. The CVD boron fiber was 67% by weight prepreg tape with the balance being epoxy resin. Seventeen CVD boron fiber / epoxy unidirectional tapes were stacked together and cross-plied at 0 ° / 90 ° to form the front ply. A 1.8 mm thick 11 cm × 11 cm titanium plate is placed on the stack to form a second ply, and an additional 17 CVD boron fiber / epoxy unidirectional tapes are stacked on the stack. And cross-ply at 0 ° / 90 ° to form a third ply. The entire stack, centered on a titanium plate, was formed into a front laminate in an autoclave at a temperature of 116 ° C., an external pressure of 344 KPa and a vacuum of 96 KPa. The surface density of the 15.2 cm × 14.0 cm × 0.526 cm laminate was 2.86 pounds / ft ² (14.0 Kg / m ² ). The titanium plate was embedded on all surfaces by the front face of the front laminate and the third ply.

The second laminate is formed from 103 SPECTRA SHIELD® PLUS PCR consolidated sheets bonded together under heat and pressure, each sheet having two interiors of high molecular weight polyethylene fibers in a substrate. The unidirectional layer was cross-ply at 0 ° / 90 ° and had an external plastic film on each surface. The substrate was a styrene-isoprene-styrene thermoplastic elastomer having a tensile modulus of 200 psi (1.4 MPa). The high molecular weight polyethylene fiber had a tenacity of 30 g / d. The areal density of this laminate was 2.0 pounds / ft ² (9.77 Kg / m ² ).

A third laminate is formed from 24 GOLDFLEX® materials (Honeywell International Inc.) that are superposed on each other and stitched together around their ends, each sheet comprising a substrate It consisted of four inner unidirectional layers of aramid fibers inside, was cross-plyed at 0 ° / 90 °, and had an outer plastic film on each surface. The substrate was a styrene-isoprene-styrene thermoplastic elastomer having a tensile modulus of 200 psi (1.4 MPa). The aramid fiber had a tenacity of 22 g / d. The areal density of this laminate was 1.14 lb / ft ² (5.57 Kg / m ² ).

The second laminate is bonded to the front laminate and the surfaces, and the third laminate is superimposed on the second laminate and the surfaces to give 6.0 lbs / ft ² (29.3 Kg / m An article of the present invention having a surface density of ² ) was produced.

  This article is continuously fired by bullets of a steel penetrating warhead bullet of 149 grains (9.66 g) (Russian Dragnov, LPS) in a 56-inch real package of 7.62 × 54R, and The results shown in VII were obtained. The bullet impacted the laminate on the front of the article.

The articles of the present invention maintained a minimum penetration rate of at least 2344 ft / sec (714 m / sec) even after firing four bullets at it.
Example 7
The front laminate is formed identically to the front laminate of Example 1. The surface density of this front laminate having dimensions of 15.2 cm × 15.2 cm × 0.526 cm was 2.0 lbs / ft ² (9.77 Kg / m ² ).

The second laminate is formed from five PBO (poly (p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole) felts with KEVLAR® scrims, which can be obtained from Bayrische Wollfilz Fabrik from PBO / KR-KR and having an areal density of 0.27 lbs / ft ² (1.35 Kg / m ² ) and an initial thickness of 4 mm Felt sheets are 0.35 mm between sheets and on both sides of the stack. Of polyethylene film, and the stack is molded under pressure of 100 psi (0.69 MPa) at 120 ° C. The second laminate is 10 mm thick and 1.38 lbs. / Ft ² (6.75 Kg / m ² ).

A third laminate is formed from 24 GOLDFLEX® materials that are superposed on each other and stitched together around their ends, each sheet comprising 4 aramid fibers in the matrix. It consists of a unidirectional layer inside the sheet, cross-ply at 0 ° / 90 °, and has an external plastic film on each surface. The substrate is a styrene-isoprene-styrene thermoplastic elastomer having a tensile modulus of 200 psi (1.4 MPa). Aramid fibers have a tenacity of 22 g / d. The surface density of this laminate is 1.14 lbs / ft ² (5.57 Kg / m ² ).

The second laminate is bonded surface-to-front with the front laminate, and the third laminate is overlapped with the second laminate surface to 4.52 lbs / ft ² (22.1 Kg / m ² ). An article of the present invention having a surface density of ² ) is produced.

  This panel is placed in a 15 cm × 15 cm side area at a speed of at least 2000 ft / sec (610 m / sec) with a 7.62 × 51 147 grain (9.53 g) bullet in an M80 package in the front laminate. When subjected to continuous impact, it is considered that it has a minimum penetration speed for the third bullet that is not less than 90% of the minimum penetration speed of the first bullet.

Example 8
SCS-ULTRA®, a silicon carbide chemically vapor-deposited on carbon fiber, was obtained from Specialty Materials, Inc. Get from. The CVD SiC fiber is 0.0056 inches (0.0142 cm) in diameter and has a tensile strength of 5.86 GPa and a density of 3.0 g / cm ³ . The fibers are formed into a unidirectional prepreg using the apparatus illustrated in FIG. DERAKANE® epoxy vinyl ester resin having a tensile modulus of 450,000 psi (3.1 GPa) is applied as a substrate. CVD SiC fiber constitutes 90 weight percent of the prepreg. The prepreg is cross-plied to 0 ° / 90 ° using the method and apparatus described in US Pat. No. 5,173,138. Sixteen cross-ply sheets (32 layers) are bonded together to form a front laminate having an areal density of 2.70 pounds / ft ² (13.2 Kg / m ² ).

The second laminate is formed from 37 SPECTRA SHIELD® PCR sheets bonded together under heat and pressure, each sheet being two sheets of high molecular weight polyethylene fibers in a thermoplastic elastomer substrate. Unidirectional layers and cross-ply at 0 ° / 90 °. The high molecular weight polyethylene fiber has a tenacity of 30 g / d. The surface density of the second laminate is 2 lbs / ft ² (9.77 Kg / m ² ).

Identical to the one used to form the front laminate, except that the third laminate was bonded together with only 8 CVD SiC cross-ply sheets (16 layers). Form by the method. The surface density of the third laminate is 1.35 lbs / ft ² (6.60 Kg / m ² ).

The laminate of the present invention having a surface density of 5.64 lbs / ft ² (27.6 Kg / m ² ), wherein the front laminate, the second laminate and the third laminate are bonded together at the surfaces. Make a panel of objects.

  This panel is placed in a 15 cm × 15 cm side area at a speed of at least 2000 ft / sec (610 m / sec) with a 7.62 × 51 147 grain (9.53 g) bullet in an M80 package in the front laminate. When subjected to continuous impact, it is considered that it has a minimum penetration speed for the third bullet that is not less than 90% of the minimum penetration speed of the first bullet.

  Although the present invention has been described in some detail in this manner, such details need not be strictly adhered to, but further changes and modifications are themselves defined entirely by the claims. It is to be understood that those skilled in the art can suggest that they fall within the scope of the invention as described.

FIG. 1 is a cross section of a two-ply embodiment of an article of the invention having one ply of unidirectional inorganic fibers in the front laminate and one ply of polymer fibers in the second laminate. FIG. FIG. 2 shows two plies with different compositions or structures in each ply of unidirectional inorganic fibers in the front laminate and different plies of polymer fibers in the second laminate. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a 5-ply embodiment of an article of the invention having two plies having a composition or structure and one ply of inorganic fibers in a third laminate. FIG. 3 shows: a) a front laminate composed of a unidirectional inorganic fiber front ply, a titanium metal plate second ply, and a unidirectional inorganic fiber third ply, The titanium metal plate is all surfaces embedded with the front and third plies; b) a second laminate of one ply of polymer fibers; and c) what is in the second laminate Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of a 5-ply embodiment of an article of the invention having a third laminate of one ply of polymer fibers of different composition or structure. FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a method for producing a layer.

Claims (30)

a) A front laminate comprising one or more plies, wherein one of the plies is a front ply comprising a plurality of layers of unidirectional inorganic fibers in a polymer matrix. The layers in the ply have the same composition and structure, the layers of the adjacent plies of the front laminate differ in composition or structure, and the inorganic fibers have a tensile strength of at least 2.0 GPa , and is composed of filaments having a 4.0 g / cm ³ less than the fiber direction of each of the layers in this case are at an angle to the direction of the fibers of said layer adjacent said laminate; and b) a second laminate integrated with the front laminate and the surfaces, wherein the second laminate comprises one or more plies, each said ply comprising: Network structure Comprising a plurality of layers of polymer fibers, the polymer fibers having a tenacity of at least 17 g / d, the network may optionally contain a substrate material, and the layers in the ply are The second laminate having the same composition and structure, wherein the layers in adjacent plies of the second laminate differ in composition or structure;
An article comprising   Comprising a third laminate superposed on surfaces of said second laminate, said third laminate comprising one or more plies, each said ply being a substrate Comprising a plurality of layers of polymer fibers in a network that may optionally contain, wherein the polymer fibers have a tenacity of at least 17 g / d and the layers in the ply have the same composition The article of claim 1, wherein the layers in adjacent plies of the third laminate differ in composition or structure. The front laminate is composed of a unidirectional inorganic fiber front ply, a titanium metal plate second ply, and a unidirectional inorganic fiber third ply, Embedded in the surface with the first and third plies, the inorganic fibers are composed of filaments having a tensile strength of at least 2.0 GPa and a density of less than 4.0 g / cm ³ , wherein each layer The article of claim 2, wherein the direction of the fibers is at an angle with the direction of the fibers in adjacent layers. And further comprising a third laminate integrated on the surface with the second laminate, wherein the third laminate comprises one or more plies, each of the plies being A plurality of layers of unidirectional inorganic fibers in a polymer matrix, wherein the layers in the ply have the same composition and structure, and the layers in adjacent plies of the third laminate Differing in composition or structure, the inorganic fibers are composed of filaments having a tensile strength of at least 2.0 GPa and a density of less than 4.0 g / cm ³ , where the direction of the fibers in each layer is adjacent The article of claim 1, wherein the article is at an angle with the direction of the fibers in the layer to be treated.   The article of claim 1, wherein the front laminate and the second laminate have a balanced configuration.   The layer comprising the second laminate has a network of fibers selected from the group consisting of woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, braids, randomly oriented nonwoven fabrics and unidirectionally oriented nonwoven fabrics. Item according to Item 1.   The article of claim 1, wherein the layer comprising the second laminate comprises a network of nonwoven fibers unidirectionally.   The article according to claim 7, wherein the angle between fibers in adjacent layers making up the second laminate is 45 to 90 degrees. The article of claim 1, wherein the filaments comprising the inorganic fibers have a tensile strength of at least 2.4 GPa and a density less than 3.4 g / cm ³ . The article of claim 1, wherein the filaments comprising the inorganic fibers have a tensile strength of at least 3.4 GPa and a density less than 3.4 g / cm ³ . The article of claim 1, wherein the filaments comprising the inorganic fibers have a tensile strength of at least 4.0 GPa and a density of less than 3.1 g / cm ³ . The inorganic fibers are chemically vapor-deposited boron, chemical vapor-deposited silicon carbide, β-SiC, β-SiC in amorphous phase Si—O—C—, E-glass, S-glass, (54. 4% Si, 32.4% C, 10.2% O, 2% Ti) composition, (55.3% Si, 33.9% C, 9.8% O, 1.0% Zr) composition The article of claim 1, selected from the group consisting of SiBN ₃ C with 1-3% O and combinations thereof.   The article of claim 1, wherein the inorganic fibers are selected from the group consisting of boron chemically vapor deposited on tungsten, silicon carbide chemically vapor deposited on carbon, and combinations thereof.   The article of claim 1, wherein the inorganic fibers comprise 60 to 95 weight percent of the front laminate.   The article of claim 1, wherein the polymer fiber is selected from the group consisting of high molecular weight polyethylene, aramid, polybenzazole, hard rod polymer, and combinations thereof.   The polymer fiber is selected from the group consisting of high molecular weight polyethylene, poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide), poly (2-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole), M5, and combinations thereof. Articles described in 1.   The article of claim 1, wherein the polymer fibers comprise 75 to 95 weight percent of the second laminate.   2. The polymer substrate in each layer of each ply of the front laminate has an initial tensile modulus of at least 400,000 psi (2.76 GPa) as measured by ASTM D638. Goods.   The polymer substrate in each layer of each ply of the second laminate is an elastomer having an initial tensile modulus less than 6,000 psi (41.3 MPa) as measured by ASTM D638. The article according to 1.   When continuously impacted within a 15 cm x 15 cm side area by a 7.62 x 51 147 grain (9.53 g) bullet in an M80 package at a speed of at least 2000 ft / sec (610 m / sec) The article of claim 1 having a minimum penetration rate for a third bullet that is not less than 90% of the minimum penetration rate for the first bullet.   When continuously impacted within a 15 cm x 15 cm side area by a 7.62 x 51 147 grain (9.53 g) bullet in an M80 wrap at a speed of at least 2000 ft / sec (610 m / sec) 2. The article of claim 1 having a minimum penetration rate for a third bullet that is not less than 95% of a minimum penetration rate for the first bullet.   When continuously impacted within a 15 cm x 15 cm side area by a 7.62 x 51 147 grain (9.53 g) bullet in an M80 package at a speed of at least 2000 ft / sec (610 m / sec) The article of claim 1 having a minimum penetration rate for a fifth bullet that is not less than 90% of a minimum penetration rate for the first bullet.   When continuously impacted within a 15 cm x 15 cm side area by a 7.62 x 51 147 grain (9.53 g) bullet in an M80 package at a speed of at least 2000 ft / sec (610 m / sec) The article of claim 1 having a minimum penetration rate for a fifth bullet that is not less than 95% of a minimum penetration rate for the first bullet.   When continuously impacted within a 15 cm x 15 cm side area by a 7.62 x 51 147 grain (9.53 g) bullet in an M80 package at a speed of at least 2000 ft / sec (610 m / sec) The article of claim 1, having a minimum penetration rate for a seventh bullet not less than 90% of a minimum penetration rate for the first bullet.   When continuously impacted within a 15 cm x 15 cm side area by a 7.62 x 51 147 grain (9.53 g) bullet in an M80 package at a speed of at least 2000 ft / sec (610 m / sec) 2. The article of claim 1 having a minimum penetration rate for the seventh bullet not less than 95% of the minimum penetration rate of the first bullet. ^2. The article of claim 1 having a specific energy absorption of at least 100 J-m < ² > / kg at V50 velocity for a 7.62 x 51 147 grain (9.53 g) bullet in an M80 wrap.   With a bullet core of a 7.62x39 56-inch real package with a steel-penetrating warhead bullet core, a bullet of 123 grains (7.97 g) (Russian AK-47) at a speed of at least 1900 ft / sec (579 m / sec) , Having a minimum penetration rate for a third bullet that is not less than 90% of the minimum penetration rate of the first bullet when impacted continuously within a side area of 15 cm × 15 cm. Goods.   With a bullet core of a 7.62x39 56-inch real package with a steel-penetrating warhead bullet core, a bullet of 123 grains (7.97 g) (Russian AK-47) at a speed of at least 1900 ft / sec (579 m / sec) 2 having a minimum penetration speed for a fifth bullet that is not less than 90% of the minimum penetration speed of the first bullet when impacted continuously within a side area of 15 cm × 15 cm. Goods.   With a bullet core of a 7.62x39 56-inch real package with a steel-penetrating warhead bullet core, a bullet of 123 grains (7.97 g) (Russian AK-47) at a speed of at least 1900 ft / sec (579 m / sec) 2 having a minimum penetration rate for a seventh bullet that is not less than 90% of a minimum penetration rate for a first bullet when impacted continuously within a side area of 15 cm × 15 cm. Goods.   When continuously impacted by a bullet of 149 grains (9.66 g) (Russian Dragunov, LPS) of a 56-inch real package of 7.62 × 54R with a steel penetrating warhead bullet core, the first 2. The article of claim 1 having a minimum penetration rate for a third bullet that is not less than 90% of the minimum bullet penetration rate.

Images