RU2787490C1 - Dome building and method for construction of dome building - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of construction, in particular to the design of domed buildings, and can be used for the construction of buildings and structures for various functional purposes dome shape. The arcuate ribs of the domed building are made of solid fiberglass reinforcement of the same length and are connected to the horizontal elements of the foundation frame, coupled to each other and located radially over the entire area of the foundation at a distance from each other. The upper end of the arcuate ribs is threaded and is connected to the support ring by a threaded connection, and the lower straight end of each rib is located in a separate borehole made to the depth of soil freezing and is concreted in it. Arcuate ribs have wooden I-beams located along the entire height of the ribs at a distance from each other and connected to them through a hole in the I-beam rack. The I-beams are interconnected by a strip of wood board, which has a length from the foundation to the support ring. The load-bearing wall has a layer of polyurethane foam, which is located between layers of tarpaulin. The tarpaulin layer located on the inner surface of the polyurethane foam has a fire-retardant impregnation, and the tarpaulin layer located on the outer surface of the polyurethane foam has a waterproof treatment. A method for constructing a domed building using an elastic membrane is also described.

EFFECT: reducing the consumption of materials, the time of construction of the building, as well as increasing the cost-effectiveness of the structure.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of construction, in particular to the design of domed buildings and can be used for the construction of buildings and structures for various functional purposes dome shape.

Known utility model RU 193237 U1 "Dome", MPK E04V 1/32, containing meridional arched ribs, horizontal purlins, dowels and support disk. Meridional arched ribs consist of end-to-end connected at an angle elements having milled curvilinear ends with offset edges. Each of the faces has a protrusion in the form of a segment of a circle, which repeats the groove of the edge of the rib.The lower element of the meridional arched ribs is attached to the prepared foundation, walls or columns.Each element of the arched rib has a hole in which a dowel is installed, located offset from the central axis of the connection of the elements of the arched rib so that when connecting the horizontal purlin and the dowel, the central axis of the end of the horizontal purlin coincides with the central axis of the connection of the elements of the arched rib. a groove in which protrusions are cut that match the shape of the dowel faces. The upper element of the meridional arched ribs in the upper part has a cutout into which the support disk is installed.

The disadvantage of this technical solution is the high material consumption due to the fact that the meridional arched ribs consist of elements connected by ends to each other at an angle, a long time for the construction of the dome due to the large number of structural elements, which also increases the cost of the structure. (RU 193237 U1, http://new.fips.ru).

Known invention RU 2546703 C1 "Dome", IPC E04V 1/32, E04V 7/08, containing wooden meridional arched ribs made of butted ends at an angle to each other of the rods, cladding fastened to the frame and horizontal purlins fastened to meridional ribs The rods are made of a wooden profile, including plywood plates and shelves made of wooden bars fixed at their longitudinal edges. surfaces of the rods coincide with the plane of its end. which is fastened with the appropriate composition with a straight meridional rib or a supporting element of the base of the dome, and the other with a vertical bearing element. Neighboring radial beams are connected to each other by means of additional girders, constituting rings in plan, concentrically located relative to the vertical bearing element.

The disadvantage of this technical solution is the high material consumption due to the fact that the meridional arched ribs consist of rods connected by ends at an angle to each other, a long time for the construction of the dome due to the large number of structural elements, which also increases the cost of the structure. (RU 2546703 C1, http://new.fips.ru).

Of the known technical solutions, the closest in purpose and technical essence to the claimed object is the utility model RU 150860 U1 "Dome Building", IPC Е04В 1/32, containing a foundation, a wall box made in a circle, consisting of external and internal walls with an interfloor overlap, on which a hemispherical domed roof, door and window openings, as well as external and internal protective coatings are installed. the wall box is made in the form of panel blocks with different standard sizes depending on the height of the building, having a joint profile along the perimeter of the tongue-and-groove type, moreover, the panel blocks of the outer wall and the domed roof are made of expanded polystyrene, and the inner wall of the wall box is made of brick .

The disadvantage of this technical solution is the high consumption of materials due to the fact that the inner wall of the wall box is made of bricks, a long construction time of the building due to the large number of structural elements, which also increases the cost of construction. (RU 150860 U1, http://new.fips.ru).

The task to which the claimed solution is directed is to reduce the consumption of materials, the time of erection of the building, and to increase the cost-effectiveness of the structure.

The essence of the invention

The problem is solved due to the fact that the arcuate ribs (4) of Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4 are made of one-piece fiberglass reinforcement of the same length and connected to the horizontal elements of the foundation frame (1) of Fig. 5, coupled to each other and located radially over the entire area of the foundation (1) at a distance from each other. The upper end of the arcuate ribs (4) of FIG. 3, 4 is threaded and mated with the support ring (5) by a threaded connection, and the lower straight end of each rib (4) of FIG. 5 is located in a separate well, made to the depth of soil freezing, and concreted in it. Arcuate ribs (4) of FIG. 5 have wooden I-beams (6) located along the entire height of the ribs (4) at a distance from each other, and connected to them through a hole in the I-beam rack (6). I-beams (6) Fig. 5 are interconnected by a strip of wood board (11), which has a length from the foundation (1) to the support ring (5) of FIG. 3. Bearing wall (2) of FIG. 5 has a layer of polyurethane foam (7), which is located between layers of tarpaulin (8). The tarpaulin layer (8) located on the inner surface of the polyurethane foam (7) has a fire-retardant impregnation, and the tarpaulin layer (8) located on the outer surface of the polyurethane foam (7) has a waterproof treatment.

The domed building contains the foundation (1) of FIG. 5, load-bearing wall (2), interfloor ceiling (3) of FIG. 1, 2, door and window openings.

Foundation (1) of Fig. 5 has a frame made of fiberglass reinforcement consisting of horizontally and vertically arranged elements. The horizontal elements of the foundation frame (1) are connected to each other and located radially over its entire area at a distance from each other, and are also conjugated with vertical elements along the entire length, which are located at a distance from each other. On the periphery, the horizontal elements of the foundation frame (1) are connected to arcuate ribs (4). Along the perimeter of the foundation (1) there is a blind area.

Arcuate ribs (4) of FIG. 3, 4 are located along the perimeter of the foundation (1) and are made of one-piece fiberglass reinforcement of the same length. The upper end of the arcuate ribs (4) is threaded and connected to the support ring (5) by means of a threaded connection. This design increases the reliability and reduces the cost of the building structure, and also provides ease of assembly. The lower straight end of each rib (4) of FIG. 5 is located in a separate well, made to the depth of soil freezing, depending on the region where the building is being built, and concreted in it.

Arcuate ribs (4) of FIG. 5 have wooden I-beams (6) located along the entire height of the ribs (4) at a distance from each other, and connected to them through a hole in the I-beam rack (6). Wooden I-beam (6) contains shelves made of timber between which there is a stand made of wood board, having a hole for an arcuate rib (4). I-beams (6) Fig. 5 are interconnected by a strip of wood board (11), which has a length from the foundation (1) to the support ring (5) of FIG. 3, 4. This design increases the rigidity of the structure and the reliability of fixing the I-beams (6).

In a particular embodiment, the arcuate rib (4) of FIG. 1, 3 is connected to the adjacent rib (4) by horizontal girders (12), which are located along the entire height of the ribs (4) at a distance from each other. The horizontal run (12) is a wooden I-beam containing shelves made of timber between which there is a stand made of wood board. The horizontal run post (12) has holes for arcuate ribs (4).

Interfloor overlap (3) of FIG. 1, 2 consists of radially arranged beams, the ends of which are connected to an arcuate rib (4).

Bearing wall (2) of fig. 5 has a layer of polyurethane foam (7), which is located between layers of tarpaulin (8). The tarpaulin layer (8) located on the inner surface of the polyurethane foam (7) has a fire-retardant impregnation, and the tarpaulin layer (8) located on the outer surface of the polyurethane foam (7) has a waterproof treatment. Bearing wall (2) of fig. 5 has a protective coating (9) in the form of a flexible tile.

The method of building a domed building includes the following sequence of actions.

Carry out the breakdown and vertical planning of the site. A sand cushion is formed under the foundation (1) of Fig. 1, 2 with a thickness of 150 mm, and then compact it manually or with an electric tool. Designate the location of the arcuate ribs (4) of Fig. 3, 4. At the locations of the arcuate ribs (4) of FIG. 5 wells are drilled with a diameter of 150 mm to the depth of soil freezing (1800-2000 mm), which depends on the region where the building is being built. Arcuate ribs (4) with a diameter of 12 mm are installed with a straight end into the wells. Concrete mortar grade M - 200 is poured into the wells. The foundation formwork (1) of FIG. 1 with a diameter of 10000 mm and a height of 300 mm. a foundation frame is formed in the formwork (1) of FIG. 5 made of fiberglass reinforcement with a diameter of 12 mm. The horizontal elements of the foundation frame (1) of FIG. 5 are arranged radially over the entire area of the foundation (1) at a distance from each other, connecting them to each other, and also mating with vertical elements along the entire length, placing them at a distance from each other. On the periphery, the horizontal elements of the foundation frame (1) are connected to arcuate ribs (4). A solution of polystyrene concrete or expanded clay concrete is poured into the formwork. After the foundation (1) has completely solidified, an elastic membrane (10) of Fig. 1 is pulled onto its surface. 5 and fix it with anchor bolts. The membrane (10) is filled with compressed air to the working position, forming a pneumatic formwork. An entrance group is mounted to the surface of the membrane (10), for example, an arch 2000 mm wide and 2300 mm high. This design allows you to form a doorway at the stage of spraying polyurethane foam, which allows you to quickly dismantle the membrane (10) from the interior of the building, eliminating the need to cut the opening. The outer surface of the elastic membrane (10) is covered with a tarpaulin (8) of FIG. 5 with flame retardant impregnation. I-beams (6) of Fig. are mounted. 5 on the arcuate ribs (4) through the hole in the I-beam column (6) observing a pitch of 700 mm. In a particular case of execution, horizontal runs (12) of Fig. 1, 3, which are wooden I-beams, onto arcuate ribs (4) through the holes in the run post (12), observing a step of 700 mm, thereby connecting the ribs (4) to each other. At the upper end of the arcuate ribs (4), a thread with an outer diameter of 10 mm is cut. Install the support ring (5) of Fig. 3, 4 with a diameter of 1000 mm and a thickness of 200 mm, having through holes with a diameter of 14 mm, located around the circumference. Connect the ribs (4) of Fig. 3, 4 with support ring (5) using spring washers and nuts with an inner diameter of 10 mm. This design increases the reliability and reduces the cost of the building structure, and also provides ease of assembly. To the outer surface of the I-beams (6) located on the arcuate ribs (4), a strip of wood board (11) of Fig. 5 having a length from the foundation (1) to the support ring (5) of FIG. 3, 4. This design increases the rigidity of the structure and the reliability of fixing the I-beams (6). On the surface of the tarpaulin (8) of FIG. 5 with flame retardant impregnation, the first layer of polyurethane foam (7) is sprayed with a thickness of 120-150 mm. Polyurethane foam is sprayed inside the support ring (5) of FIG. 3, 4 forming a layer 200 mm thick. After curing the polyurethane foam from the elastic membrane (10) of FIG. 5 release the air, remove its fasteners in the form of anchor bolts and remove the membrane (10) from the surface of the foundation (1) through the opening formed by the entrance group. The final layer of polyurethane foam is sprayed (7) of Fig. 5 thickness up to 200mm on its first layer. Stick the tarpaulin (8) with waterproof treatment on the top layer of polyurethane foam (7). The protective coating (9) of FIG. 5 in the form of a flexible tile using polyurethane adhesive. Cut window openings. Install windows and doors. Interfloor overlapping (3) of Fig. is mounted. 1, 2 and internal partitions using wood material of various sections treated with fire-retardant compounds. Interfloor beams (3) are arranged radially and their ends are connected to an arcuate rib (4). The internal cavities of the partitions and interfloor overlapping (3) are filled with polyurethane foam. Sheathe the interfloor overlap (3) and internal partitions with wood boards. Mount a blind area of rubber crumb around the perimeter of the foundation (1).

The proposed design of the domed building allows to reduce the consumption of materials, labor intensity and cost of building construction, as well as to reduce the time of its construction. Allows you to simplify the process of building a building, eliminating the need for the use of construction equipment and skilled labor.

The technical result consists in reducing the consumption of materials, the time of erection of the building, as well as in increasing the efficiency of the structure due to the fact that the arcuate ribs are made of solid fiberglass reinforcement of the same length and are connected to the horizontal elements of the foundation frame, mated to each other and arranged radially over the entire area of the foundation on distance from each other. The upper end of the arcuate ribs is threaded and coupled with the support ring by a threaded connection, and the lower straight end of each rib is located in a separate borehole made to the depth of soil freezing and is concreted in it. Arcuate ribs have wooden I-beams located along the entire height of the ribs at a distance from each other, and connected to them through a hole in the I-beam rack. The I-beams are interconnected by a strip of wood board, which has a length from the foundation to the support ring. The load-bearing wall has a layer of polyurethane foam, which is located between layers of tarpaulin. The tarpaulin layer located on the inner surface of the polyurethane foam has a fire-retardant impregnation, and the tarpaulin layer located on the outer surface of the polyurethane foam has a waterproof treatment.

Brief description of drawings:

in fig. 1 is a schematic representation of the design of a domed building with arcuate ribs and horizontal girders. General form;

in fig. 2 is a schematic representation of the structure of a domed building with arcuate ribs. General form;

in fig. 3 is a schematic representation of the structure of a domed building with arcuate ribs and horizontal girders. View from above;

in fig. 4 is a schematic representation of the structure of a domed building with arcuate ribs. View from above;

in fig. 5 is a schematic representation of the load-bearing wall of a domed building. Cross section;

Brief description of structural elements:

1 - foundation;

2 - bearing wall;

3 - interfloor overlap;

4 - arcuate rib;

5 - support ring;

6 - I-beam;

7 - a layer of polyurethane foam;

8 - a layer of tarpaulin;

9 - protective coating;

10 - elastic membrane;

11 - a strip of wood board;

12 - horizontal run; Implementation of the stated solution:

The construction of the domed building is carried out as follows.

First carry out the breakdown and vertical layout of the site. Then a sand cushion is formed under the foundation (1) of Fig. 1, 2 150 mm thick by tamping it manually or with an electric tool. Designate the location of the arcuate ribs (4) of Fig. 3, 4 and drill wells with a diameter of 150 mm to the depth of soil freezing (1800-2000 mm), which depends on the region where the building is being built. The rectilinear end of the arcuate ribs (4) of Fig. 5 with a diameter of 12 mm is installed in the wells and a concrete solution of grade M - 200 is poured into them. The foundation formwork (1) of FIG. 1, 2 with a diameter of 10,000 mm and a height of 300 mm. Next, a foundation frame (1) of Fig. 1 is formed in the formwork. 5 made of fiberglass reinforcement with a diameter of 12 mm. The horizontal elements of the foundation frame (1) are arranged radially over the entire area of the foundation at a distance from each other, connecting them to each other and mating with the vertical elements along the entire length, placing them at a distance from each other. On the periphery, the horizontal elements of the foundation frame (1) are connected to arcuate ribs (4) of FIG. 5. Pour a solution of polystyrene concrete or expanded clay concrete into the formwork. After the foundation (1) has completely solidified, an elastic membrane (10) of Fig. 1 is pulled onto its surface. 5 and fix it with anchor bolts. The membrane (10) is filled with compressed air to the working position, forming a pneumatic formwork. An entrance group is mounted to the surface of the membrane (10), for example, an arch 2000 mm wide and 2300 mm high. The outer surface of the elastic membrane (10) of FIG. 5 is covered with a tarpaulin (8) with flame retardant impregnation. I-beams (6) of Fig. are mounted. 5 on the arcuate ribs (4) through the hole in the I-beam column (6) observing a pitch of 700 mm. At the upper end of the arcuate ribs (4), a thread with an outer diameter of 10 mm is cut. Install the support ring (5) of Fig. 3, 4 with a diameter of 1000 mm and a thickness of 200 mm, having through holes with a diameter of 14 mm, located around the circumference. Connect the ribs (4) of Fig. 3, 4 with support ring (5) using spring washers and nuts with an inner diameter of 10 mm. To the outer surface of the I-beams (6) located on the arcuate ribs (4), a strip of wood board (11) of Fig. 5 having a length from the foundation (1) to the support ring (5) of FIG. 3, 4. On the surface of the tarpaulin (8) of FIG. 5 with flame retardant impregnation, the first layer of polyurethane foam (7) is sprayed with a thickness of 120-150 mm. Polyurethane foam is sprayed inside the support ring (5) of FIG. 3, 4 forming a layer 200 mm thick. After curing the polyurethane foam from the elastic membrane (10) of FIG. 5 release the air, remove its fasteners in the form of anchor bolts and remove the membrane (10) from the surface of the foundation (1) through the opening formed by the entrance group. The final layer of polyurethane foam is sprayed (7) of Fig. 5 thickness up to 200mm on its first layer. Stick the tarpaulin (8) with waterproof treatment on the top layer of polyurethane foam (7). The protective coating (9) of FIG. 5 in the form of a flexible tile using polyurethane adhesive. Cut window openings. Install windows and doors. Interfloor overlapping (3) of Fig. is mounted. 1, 2 and internal partitions using wood material of various sections treated with fire-retardant compounds. Interfloor beams (3) are arranged radially and their ends are connected to an arcuate rib (4). The internal cavities of the partitions and interfloor overlapping (3) are filled with polyurethane foam. Sheathe the interfloor overlap (3) and internal partitions with wood boards. Mount a blind area of rubber crumb around the perimeter of the foundation (1).

In the particular case of the implementation of the claimed solution, the construction of a domed building is carried out as follows.

First carry out the breakdown and vertical layout of the site. Then a sand cushion is formed under the foundation (1) of Fig. 1, 2 150 mm thick by tamping it manually or with an electric tool. Designate the location of the arcuate ribs (4) of Fig. 3, 4 and drill wells with a diameter of 150 mm to the depth of soil freezing (1800-2000 mm), which depends on the region where the building is being built. The rectilinear end of the arcuate ribs (4) of Fig. 5 with a diameter of 12 mm is installed in the wells and a concrete solution of grade M - 200 is poured into them. The foundation formwork (1) of FIG. 1, 2 with a diameter of 10,000 mm and a height of 300 mm. Next, a foundation frame (1) of Fig. 1 is formed in the formwork. 5 made of fiberglass reinforcement with a diameter of 12 mm. The horizontal elements of the foundation frame (1) are arranged radially over the entire area of the foundation at a distance from each other, connecting them to each other and mating with the vertical elements along the entire length, placing them at a distance from each other. On the periphery, the horizontal elements of the foundation frame (1) are connected to arcuate ribs (4) of FIG. 5. Pour a solution of polystyrene concrete or expanded clay concrete into the formwork. After the foundation (1) has completely solidified, an elastic membrane (10) of Fig. 1 is pulled onto its surface. 5 and fix it with anchor bolts. The membrane (10) is filled with compressed air to the working position, forming a pneumatic formwork. An entrance group is mounted to the surface of the membrane (10), for example, an arch 2000 mm wide and 2300 mm high. The outer surface of the elastic membrane (10) of FIG. 5 is covered with a tarpaulin (8) with flame retardant impregnation. The horizontal purlins (12) of FIG. 1, 3, which are wooden I-beams, onto arcuate ribs (4) through the holes in the run post (12), observing a step of 700 mm, thereby connecting the ribs (4) to each other. At the upper end of the arcuate ribs (4), a thread with an outer diameter of 10 mm is cut. Install the support ring (5) of Fig. 3, 4 with a diameter of 1000 mm and a thickness of 200 mm, having through holes with a diameter of 14 mm, located around the circumference. Connect the ribs (4) of Fig. 3, 4 with support ring (5) using spring washers and nuts with an inner diameter of 10 mm. To the outer surface of the I-beams (6) located on the arcuate ribs (4), a strip of wood board (11) of Fig. 5 having a length from the foundation (1) to the support ring (5) of FIG. 3.4. On the surface of the tarpaulin (8) of FIG. 5 with flame retardant impregnation, the first layer of polyurethane foam (7) is sprayed with a thickness of 120-150 mm. Polyurethane foam is sprayed inside the support ring (5) of FIG. 3, 4 forming a layer 200 mm thick. After curing the polyurethane foam from the elastic membrane (10) of FIG. 5 release the air, remove its fasteners in the form of anchor bolts and remove the membrane (10) from the surface of the foundation (1) through the opening formed by the entrance group. The final layer of polyurethane foam is sprayed (7) of Fig. 5 thickness up to 200mm on its first layer. Stick the tarpaulin (8) with waterproof treatment on the top layer of polyurethane foam (7). The protective coating (9) of FIG. 5 in the form of a flexible tile using polyurethane adhesive. Cut window openings. Install windows and doors. Interfloor overlapping (3) of Fig. is mounted. 1, 2 and internal partitions using wood material of various sections treated with fire-retardant compounds. Interfloor beams (3) are arranged radially and their ends are connected to an arcuate rib (4). The internal cavities of the partitions and interfloor overlapping (3) are filled with polyurethane foam. Sheathe the interfloor overlap (3) and internal partitions with wood boards. Mount a blind area of rubber crumb around the perimeter of the foundation (1).

Claims (7)

1. A domed building, including a foundation, a load-bearing wall, an interfloor ceiling, door and window openings, arcuate ribs, horizontal girders, characterized in that the arcuate ribs are made of solid fiberglass reinforcement of the same length and are connected to horizontal elements of the foundation frame, mated to each other and located radially over the entire area of the foundation at a distance from each other, the upper end of the arcuate ribs is threaded and connected to the support ring with a threaded connection, and the lower straight end of each rib is located in a separate well, made to the depth of soil freezing, and concreted in it, arcuate ribs they have wooden I-beams located along the entire height of the ribs at a distance from each other and connected to them through a hole in the I-beam rack, the I-beams are interconnected by a strip of wood board, which has a length from the foundation to the support ring, the load-bearing wall has a layer of polyurethane foam, which races placed between layers of tarpaulin, the tarpaulin layer located on the inner surface of the polyurethane foam has a fire retardant impregnation, and the tarpaulin layer located on the outer surface of the polyurethane foam has a waterproof treatment. 2. The building according to claim 1, characterized in that the arcuate rib is connected to the rib adjacent to it by horizontal runs, which are located along the entire height of the ribs at a distance from each other. 3. The building according to claim. 2, characterized in that the horizontal run is a wooden I-beam containing shelves made of timber, between which there is a stand made of wood board and having holes for arcuate ribs. 4. A method for constructing a domed building, including the use of an inflatable elastic membrane to form a bearing wall, characterized in that wells are drilled to the depth of soil freezing and an arcuate rib is installed in them with a straight end, after which a concrete mortar is poured into the wells, a foundation frame is formed in the formwork from fiberglass reinforcement, placing the horizontal elements of the frame radially over the entire area of the foundation at a distance from each other, mating them with each other, and also connecting the horizontal elements of the frame at the periphery with arcuate ribs, a solution of polystyrene concrete or expanded clay concrete is poured into the formwork, and after the foundation has completely solidified on its the surface is stretched with an elastic membrane and fixed with anchor bolts, the membrane is filled with compressed air to the working position, forming an air formwork, then the inlet group is mounted to the membrane and the outer surface of the membrane is covered with a tarpaulin with fire retardant impregnation, a tees on arcuate ribs through a hole in the I-beam rack, threads are cut at the upper end of the ribs and connected to the support ring using spring washers and nuts; of the support ring, a layer of polyurethane foam is sprayed on the surface of the tarpaulin with fire-retardant impregnation and inside the support ring, after curing of which the air is released and the membrane is removed from the foundation surface through the opening formed by the entrance group, the finishing layer of polyurethane foam is sprayed, the tarpaulin with waterproof treatment is glued on it and a protective coating. 5. The method according to p. 4, characterized in that the entrance group is made in the form of an arch. 6. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that horizontal girders, which are wooden I-beams, are mounted on arcuate ribs through holes in the purlin rack, connecting the ribs to each other. 7. The method according to p. 4, characterized in that the protective coating is a flexible tile.

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