RU2785960C1 - Artificial soil mixture based on bark compost - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture. Artificial soil mixture based on bark compost includes diatomite, zoohumus - Black Lion's biocompost, bark compost and wood ash. All components are taken at a certain ratio.

EFFECT: invention makes it possible to create an artificial soil mixture with high fertility rates, which provides bioprotection against diseases and pests, and also contributes to obtaining high crop yields both in open and protected ground.

1 cl, 6 tbl

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used to create artificial soil mixtures intended for growing agricultural and ornamental crops in open and protected ground, as well as for the biological stage of reclamation of natural (salt licks and others) and technogenically disturbed areas.

Known soil mixture based on peat [Patent RU No. 2067969, publ. 08/10/2000. Bull. No. 22], containing high-moor peat, sand, clay, mineral fertilizers and substances that reduce the acidity of peat in the following ratio of components (per 1 liter of the mixture), g: clay 50-60; sand 120-160; superphosphate 1.5-2.0; non-ballast complex fertilizer 2.0-5.0; high-moor peat, neutralized to pH 5.5-6.0, the rest. The disadvantage is the mandatory use of expensive mineral fertilizers and peat neutralization, since without these conditions the components themselves do not provide a nutrient soil mixture containing a balanced amount of elements that ensure optimal growth and development of plants, and, as a result, do not provide a high yield. This technical solution does not take into account the possibility of using by-products of industrial production, and organic components.

Known artificial soil mixture [Patent RU No. 2651819 published 24.04.2018 Bull. No. 12]. Artificial soil mixture includes sand, clay, defecation, wet magnetic separation waste, plant residues with the following content of components, wt.%: sand 15-20, clay 30-40, defecation 10-15, wet magnetic separation waste 15-20, plant residues - the rest. An essential feature of this composition is the mandatory use of plant residues as a component of the organic part, since without these conditions the components themselves do not provide a nutrient soil mixture containing a balanced amount of elements that ensure optimal growth and development of plants, and as a result do not provide a high yield.

The closest technical solution adopted for the prototype is an organomineral fertilizer - an artificial soil mixture (Patent No. separation of iron ore enrichment, sand, characterized in that it contains diatomite, citrogypsum, Black Lion's biocompost, with the following content of components, wt.%:

clay 30-35,

diatomaceous earth 10-15,

citrogypsum 15-20,

biocompost of the Black Lionka 20-25,

waste of wet magnetic separation of iron ore dressing 10-15,

sand - the rest.

The disadvantage of this fertilizer is that clay and sand make up 40-55% of the fertilizer content, but they are not products of the utilization of organic waste and raw materials.

The invention is aimed at creating an artificial soil mixture that expands the range of artificial soil mixtures with high fertility rates, providing bioprotection against diseases and pests, and also contributing to high crop yields both in open and protected ground.

This effect is achieved by the fact that the artificial soil mixture contains industrial wood processing waste - coracompost, processed by the larvae of the dipteran insect "Black Lionka" organic waste - zoohumus (Black Lionka biocompost), diatomite (a natural mineral of biogenic origin) and recycled organic (wood) waste - ash wood with the following content of components, % by weight: bark compost - 60, zoohumus - 20, diatomite - 15 and wood ash - 5.

The inventive artificial soil mixture is characterized in that it additionally contains waste from the industrial processing of wood - bark compost and recycled organic (wood) waste - wood ash. Thus, the claimed solution meets the criterion of invention "novelty".

Comparison of the claimed solution with other well-known technical solutions in this field of technology did not confirm the presence in the latter of features that coincide with its distinctive features, or features that affect the achievement of the specified technical result. This made it possible to conclude that the invention meets the criterion of "inventive step".

With this composition of the artificial soil mixture, due to the physicochemical properties of the mixture components, a fertile soil mixture with specified characteristics is formed, while organic waste from various industries is utilized, which reduces the anthropogenic burden on the environment and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. Also, the use of industrial wastes makes it possible to create low-waste and carbon-saving technologies.

Characteristics of the components.

Coracompost is a waste of industrial processing of coniferous and deciduous wood in the form of bark, wood chips and sawdust, which at different times were in industrial waste dumps of enterprises. The chemical composition is presented in table 1.

Zoohumus is the Black Lion's biocompost obtained as a result of the processing of organic waste and raw materials (agricultural, food, household, and so on) by the larvae of the Black Lion's two-winged insect Hermetia Illucens. Packaging of any type is separated from the primary organic matter, then grinding and homogenization take place, then larvae are added to a homogeneous substance, which process the substrate in which they are located within 7-10 days. At the end of this period, larvae are separated from the processed waste by means of sifting. The chemical composition is presented in table 2.

Table 1 The chemical composition of the coracompost Content of elements, % Mass fraction
total nitrogen Mass fraction
total phosphorus Mass fraction
total potassium Mass fraction
organic matter
in terms of carbon 2.2 1.4 0.17 38.4 table 2 Chemical composition of zoohumus Content of elements, % Mass fraction
total nitrogen Mass fraction
total phosphorus Mass fraction
total potassium Mass fraction
organic matter
in terms of carbon 5.63 4.17 4.28 79.1

Diatomite - a natural raw material of biogenic origin - opal is a cristobalite sedimentary rock, almost completely composed of diatom valves, which are microscopic plants with an external opal skeleton, and small rounded silica grains. The shells of diatoms are microscopic opal bodies hollow inside. The number of whole shells of diatoms varies widely in different varieties of diatomite - from 1.17 to 30 million pieces. in 1 cm ³ , which creates a high porosity of diatomites (up to 90 - 95%, on average - 80%), pore size from 1 to hundreds of nm. The chemical composition is in table 3.

Table 3 The chemical composition of diatomite Content of components, % _{SiO2 Al2O3 _ Fe2O3 _ K2O} MgO CaO others 84.86 6.65 3.30 2.25 0.725 0.439 rest

Ash wood - is produced in the process of burning, according to a special technology, waste products for the processing of wood at pulp and paper mills. The chemical composition is presented in table 4.

Table 4 The chemical composition of wood ash Content of components, % _{P2O3 _ K2O} CaO MgO mass fraction
total sulfur mass fraction of water,
no more others 3.2 2.8 32.2 1.2 2.2 12.6 rest

An important condition for the preparation of artificial soil mixture is the thorough mixing of the initial components. The manufacture of soil mixtures is based on mechanical mixing into a uniform loose mass of heterogeneous components that differ significantly in their physical, chemical and biological characteristics.

Were prepared 5 compositions of artificial soil mixtures, the component content of which is presented in table.5.

Table 5 The ratio of ingredients of artificial soil mixture,% by weight Composition Coracompost diatomaceous earth zoohumus wood ash Control Typical heavy loamy chernozem, humus - 5.9%
(central zone of the Samara region) one 25 25 25 25 2 fifty 25 fifteen 10 3 60 twenty fifteen five 4 70 10 10 10 five 80 10 five five

All compositions of the soil mixture were tested for phytotoxicity: all samples are non-toxic, since phytotoxicity does not exceed 20%. Accordingly, all samples can be used for the production of artificial soil mixtures [MP 2.1.7.2297-07 "Justification of the hazard class of production and consumption waste in terms of phytotoxicity"].

The coracompost was mixed with diatomite in a paddle mixer for 5-7 minutes, then zoohumus and wood ash were added and mixed for another 5-7 minutes, until a uniform loose mass was obtained.

The resulting soil mixture was kept with subsequent evaluation of quality indicators in a laboratory experiment [GOST 24026-80 “Research tests. Experiment planning. Terms and Definitions"]. A laboratory experiment, or artificial experiment, is a type of experiment that is carried out in artificially created conditions (within a scientific laboratory), and in which, as far as possible, the interaction of the studied subjects is ensured only with those factors that are of interest to the experimenter.

The compositions of the soil mixture were placed in four repetitions in vessels (2 kg of the mixture) for research, in which the test object (plant - bioindicator) - watercress culture, variety "Dukat" was sown (seeding rate - 1 g / m ² , sowing depth - 0.5 cm). Watercress plants were harvested 10 days after full emergence and yield determined (Table 6).

Table 6 Productivity of compositions of artificial soil mixture Composition Productivity, kg/vessel Yield increase, % Control 0.37 - one 0.20 - 46.9 2 0.35 - 4.4 3 0.57 +54.1 4 0.51 +37.8 five 0.48 +29.7

Studies have shown that the greatest increase in yield is provided by composition No. 3 with the ratio of soil mixture components, %: bark compost - 60, diatomite - 20, zoohumus - 15 and wood ash - 5.

The fourth and fifth compositions of the soil mixture are also superior in yield to the control and can be used for growing plants in production. In addition, soil mixture compositions No. 3, 4 and 5 can be used in the reclamation of technogenically disturbed soils.

Created artificial soil mix (No. 3): allows recycling of various organic waste and raw materials, which reduces the environmental burden on the environment, reduces greenhouse gas emissions, contributes to the restoration of carbon balance, allows enterprises to resolve waste disposal issues in accordance with environmental legislation, as well as allows you to receive organic products in accordance with "organic" standards.

The created soil mixture promotes the growth and development of plants without additional application of fertilizers and growth stimulants.

Claims (5)

Artificial soil mixture based on bark compost, characterized by the fact that it includes diatomite, zoohumus - Black Lion's biocompost, bark compost and wood ash with the following content of components,% by weight: coracompost - 60; zoohumus - 20; diatomite - 15; wood ash - 5.