RU2784446C1 - Four-stage modular purification installation for surface water - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: water purification.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to purification of surface water, using a four-stage modular container purification installation. A mesh separator is installed in the installation behind an input of unpurified water to a container, in an input line. A rotameter is connected behind the separator, behind which membrane pumps are connected to an inner pipeline for dosing chemical solutions from storage tanks for mixing with unpurified water in a static mixer connected to a pulsating clarifier. The latter is connected by gravity to a buffer tank, from which water is pumped with a horizontal pump through the rotameter to an automatic self-purifying filter. The filter is connected to a sorption filter, and two-stage disinfection is connected to the sorption filter, from which purified water flows out.

EFFECT: invention allows for improvement of a structure of a purification installation due to its automatization, mobility of movement, and ease of maintenance.

6 cl, 3 dwg

Description

Technical field

The technical solution concerns a four-stage modular surface water treatment plant.

Current state of the art

Surface water treatment plants are aimed at performing conventional treatment processes, i.e. oxidation, absorption, disinfection and purification from iron and manganese. In view of the formation of disinfection by-products, technologies are used that reduce the removal of precursors of disinfection by-products by conventional processing.

The currently existing surface water container treatment facilities include the usual two-stage water purification, disinfection or disinfection with partial oxidation, without a contactor, allowing the complete and timely removal of oxidizable substances. The proposed technical processes, however, do not aim at removing the disinfection by-product precursors that occur in operating containerized treatment plants. Their use is possible only where TOC values at the source are below 4.0 mg/l, the alkalinity of raw water is more than 60 mg/l CaCO3, the total concentration of trihalomethanes is less than 40 µg/l, haloacetic acid is 30 µg/l.

Treatment plants are manufactured using membrane separation processes such as ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, as well as reverse osmosis. However, in terms of their proper functioning, such separation methods require the treatment of raw water to input values that allow these membrane processes to be used. Pre-treatment of raw water is carried out in the usual way of purification. This cleaning method requires significant investment and operating costs.

The above treatment plants are currently used for surface water treatment and are based on older technological solutions and some technological elements.

The main goal of the technical solution

The aim of the technical solution is to improve the current state of the art with a four-stage modular containerized surface water treatment plant. This is largely achieved according to the technical solution, the essence of which lies mainly in the fact that a mesh separator is installed behind the inlet of raw water into the container, and a rotameter is connected behind it, then, behind the rotameter, membrane pumps are connected to the internal pipeline for dosing chemical solutions from storage tanks. tanks for mixing with raw water in a static mixer connected to a pulsating clarifier, from which it is connected by gravity to a buffer tank, from which water is pumped by a horizontal pump through a rotameter to an automatic self-cleaning filter, which is connected to a sorption filter, and a two-stage disinfection is connected to the sorption filter from which purified water flows.

Due to the dispositional solution, it is expedient that the surface water is directed from the suction basket in front of the container through the discharge line to a pump with a coarse dirt trap connected to the delivery pressure line.

The most optimal parallel connection of the rotameter to the supply line.

It is advisable to place three storage tanks in the holding tank.

For destabilization and perikinetic coagulation, a static mixer is located in the inner pipeline, in which intensive mixing takes place and conditions are created for destabilizing suspensions and processes of the perikinetic phase of coagulation.

For operational reasons, it is advisable if the two-stage disinfection consists of a UV emitter and a dosing membrane pump from a storage tank located in a holding tank designed to accommodate one storage tank.

The use of a modular container treatment plant has a number of advantages, among which it is worth noting:

- The compactness of the technological equipment, the assembly of which is carried out during production,

- At the installation site, connect to the raw water source, connect to the treated water distribution system, drain the wastewater and connect to the power supply,

- Less construction work - only the foundation for the container is installed,

- Fully automatic operation of the treatment plant. Only the addition of the working chemicals used in water treatment is carried out manually,

- Reliable and trouble-free operation,

- Minimum care requirements and easy maintenance

- Wide application and high efficiency of water treatment.

- Low operating costs and energy consumption,

- Mobility of installation.

Interpretation of drawings

The technical solution will be further explained using the drawings, in which FIG. 1 shows a four-stage modular containerized surface water treatment plant in expanded form, FIG. 2 is a plan view of a four-stage modular containerized surface water treatment plant, and FIG. 3 - section in place A-A.

Example of utility model implementation

The selection of raw water from the source 30 can, according to the proposed type of pump, be performed as follows: either the pump for raw water 100, which is placed in a separate protective structure outside the water source 30, a coarse filter separator 32 in the form of a pre-filter is installed on the suction of the pump 100 , and the suction basket 31 is designed either in a floating form, or it is placed in a rigid housing with perforated walls that prevent the ingress of aquatic animals, while the structure on telescopic supports is located above the bottom of the surface source. Alternatively, it is possible to choose a submersible slurry pump located in a perforated sheet metal structure mounted on a floating pontoon, with the coarse separator 32, which is part of the pump 100, inserted into the pressure line 33 at the junction of the flexible pipe with the fixed pipe ( on the shore).

The extraction of water from the source 30 and its connection to the inlet of the modular container treatment plant 200 is not the subject of this useful example.

The raw water for the modular container treatment plant is taken from a surface water source 30. The quality of the taken raw water is the design parameters for treating this water so that the resulting quality measures meet the requirements for drinking water. The quality indicators of surface water used for subsequent treatment for drinking purposes should not exceed the following values:

pH 6-7.5

HCO ₃ 1-3 mmol/l

CHSK _Mn up to 20 mg/l

Color 20-200 mg/l Pt

Content of suspended substances up to 2000 mg/l

Raw water should not be subjected to sudden changes in temperature and raw water quality. For each region where this modular container treatment plant is to be considered, a chemical process survey must be carried out. All wastewater from a containerized treatment plant must be treated before being discharged to a recipient. The volume of wastewater is from 6 to 8% of the capacity of the treatment plant.

The treatment plant is designed for four-stage surface water treatment. The first separation stage is a mesh separator 1 with a replaceable insert for filtering particles up to 800 microns in size, the second stage is a pulsating clarifier 2 with a capacity corresponding to the capacity of a container treatment plant. The third separation stage is an automatic self-cleaning filter 3. The fourth separation stage is a sorption filter 4 with an active filler (such as GAU). The last, separate, step is the oxidation and disinfection of water. The main parts of this stage are the UV emitter 7 and a suitable disinfectant. Considering safety and availability, sodium hypochlorite solution is used for disinfection. Chemical solutions designed to correct the reaction of water and coagulation are dosed into the internal raw water pipeline 102 to the static mixer 15 connected to the internal raw water pipeline 102. The disinfectant solution is dosed behind the sorption filter 4 to the UV emitter 7 into the pressure line 105.

The treatment technology for untreated surface water is designed to reduce organic matter by a value that allows the use of chemical disinfectants with minimal generation of disinfection by-products. The "improved" coagulation process helps to achieve more effective elimination of disinfection by-product precursors from conventional cleaning in order to minimize the formation of disinfection by-products.

Raw water may contain disinfection by-product precursors in soluble and insoluble form. Soluble precursors removed by conventional methods must be converted to an insoluble form, which are subsequently removed in a pulse clarifier. During normal coagulation and separation on a pulsating purifier, the proportion of trihalomethane formation is reduced by 50%, and halogens are also removed.

The coagulation process is used to remove particles, pathogens and natural organic matter. Improved coagulation ensures low levels of disinfection by-products. The concept of natural organic matter is used to define organic compounds of natural origin that appear in the source of untreated surface water.

Evaluation of the water coagulation process with a suitable coagulating agent is decisive for the treatment plant complex. The process includes adsorption - charge neutralization, shell coagulation and interparticle overlap.

The removal of soluble organic carbon during the "improved" coagulation process determines the sorption balance between the solid hydroxide surface and the sorbable fraction.

Coagulation of organic solutions depends on pH, coagulant dose and their concentration in treated water.

Chemical equipment includes these water treatment processes:

Подготовка и дозирование коагулята в неочищенную (очищаемую) воду.

Preparation and dosing of coagulate into raw (purified) water.

Коррекция реакции воды, выраженная значением рН, выполняется так, чтобы это значение соответствовало оптимальным условиям протекания процессов коагуляции, окисления и дезинфекции

Correction of the reaction of water, expressed by the pH value, is carried out so that this value corresponds to the optimal conditions for the processes of coagulation, oxidation and disinfection

воды.

water.

Coagulating agents for water treatment are inorganic coagulants, i.e. salts of iron and aluminum, polymeric inorganic coagulants, i.e. polyaluminum coagulants and metal polysilicates, as well as polymeric organic coagulants - polyelectrolytes and auxiliary inorganic and organic coagulants.

The choice of a suitable coagulant depends on the composition of the raw water, the treatment technology and the required quality of the treated water.

When choosing a coagulant, the following order of raw water characteristics affecting the choice of coagulant is applied, namely, total organic matter - temperature - turbidity.

Correction of pH values is carried out depending on the method of purification of raw water in the acidic, neutral or alkaline range of pH values of the reaction of water with inorganic auxiliary substances, or using organic auxiliary substances. For correction, solutions of acids (H ₂ SO ₄ ) or bases (NaOH) in an aqueous solution of the appropriate concentration are used.

Disinfection in this process involves the use of high intensity ultraviolet emitters (lamps). The process is limited to compounds that strongly absorb light in the range of 200 to 300 nm and undergo photodegradation with good efficiency. It usually refers to the removal or purification of a single contaminant contained in the water.

Chemical disinfection using a chemical reagent used to disinfect treated water at the end of the processing line, sodium hypochlorite solution (NaOCl) is used from the point of view of safety and availability. The active content of chlorine in hypochlorite (NaOCl) in summer is in the range from 140 to 160 g/l. Dosing will be carried out in such a way that the value of active chlorine in purified water, taking into account the sterility of the medium, does not fall below 0.3 g/m ^{3 of} active chlorine.

The layout of the solution corresponds to the capacity of the container treatment plant. For volumes up to 14 m ³ /h, the technological equipment is placed in one container with dimensions of 6050×2435×2435 mm. For large volumes, the equipment is placed in two separate containers, or in one longer one.

Untreated water is taken from the surface water source 30 using a floating suction basket 31 and a pump 100 with a coarse filter separator 32 in the form of a pre-filter (outside the container) 200, and subsequently distilled through the incoming line 101 to the inlet of the treatment plant, where the mesh separator 1 is installed in the form of a filter basket with a replaceable insert. This is followed by a rotameter 6 for setting the power of the treatment plant. Diaphragm pumps 8 are installed in the internal pipeline 102 of raw water behind the rotameter 6 for dosing chemical solutions used for pH correction and coagulation. Storage tanks 9 chemical solutions are located in the holding tank 10, designed to accommodate three storage tanks 9 for working solutions. Homogenization of the dose of solutions and raw water occurs in a static mixer 15, connected by means of an internal pipeline 102 with a pulsating clarifier 2. The clarified water from the pulsating clarifier 2 is discharged through a pressureless pipeline 103 into a buffer tank 5, which also functions as a sump. From the buffer tank 5, water is supplied through the suction line 104 using a horizontal pump 13 to an automatic self-cleaning filter 3 with a mesh insert. To adjust the flow after the pump 13, the pressure line 105 is equipped with a rotameter 6. The next separation stage, following the self-cleaning filter, is a sorption filter 4 with an active filler (such as GAU). Disinfection of purified water is carried out in two stages. At the first stage there is a UV emitter - a low pressure lamp. This is followed by chemical disinfection with sodium hypochlorite (a chemical agent based on chlorine). Sodium hypochlorite has both disinfecting and oxidizing properties, and also mineralizes inactivated micro-pollution behind the UV emitter 7. Sodium hypochlorite in aqueous solution is dosed into the pressure line 105 behind the UV emitter 7 using a dosing membrane pump 8. The sodium hypochlorite solution is taken from the storage tank. container 9, located in the holding tank 11, designed to accommodate one storage tank 9.

The cleaning of the pulsating clarifier 2 is carried out through the sludge pockets by means of a time-controlled servomotor damper 12. Part of the pulsating clarifier 2 is a sludge recirculation pump 14 located on its longer wall. The recirculation pump 14 is designed to remove sludge suspensions from flakes in the pulsating clarifier 2 and transport them to the flocculation chamber of the pulsating clarifier 2, which is its central part, in order to thicken the suspension and contact coagulation with flocculation.

Waste water from the pulsating clarifier 2 is discharged into the drain through the sludge pipeline 108. Waste water from the mesh separator 1 is discharged through the drain pipe 109 into the drain. Wastewater and sludge from the automatic self-cleaning filter 3, the sorption filter 4 and the buffer tank 5 are discharged to the drain through a common sewer pipe 110. An overflow line without pressure 106 is also connected to the common sewer pipe 110.

The containers are equipped with fans for five air exchanges. In areas with low temperatures, containers will be equipped with an electric direct heater (not specified).

The accumulation of purified water, its pumping and distribution will be decided for each point individually.

The production line consists of the following components:

raw water pump 100 with a coarse separator 32 in the form of a pre-filter, which are placed outside the container next to the source

filtration basket - mesh separator 1 with a replaceable insert for filtering particles up to 800 microns in size

pulsating clarifier 2 with a capacity corresponding to the capacity of the container cleaning plant

automatic self-cleaning line filter 3

sorption filter 4 with active filler (such as GAU)

plastic sump - buffer tank 5

horizontal pump 13

dosing diaphragm pumps 8 chemical solutions

storage tanks for 9 chemical solutions (the volume corresponds to the capacity of the treatment plant)

UV emitter 7 - low pressure lamp

rotameters 6

holding tank 10 for three storage tanks 9

holding tank 11 for one storage tank 9

gate valve 12 with servomotor

sludge recirculation pump 14

static mixer 15

Pipelines include:

supply line 101 pumped raw water from the source 30 to the inlet in the wall of the container 200,

internal raw water pipeline 102, consisting of the route: filter basket - separator 1 - rotameter 6 - static mixer 15 - pulsating clarifier 2. The internal pipeline 102 is under pressure.

The purified water from the pulsating clarifier 2 is discharged through a pipeline without pressure 103 into the buffer tank 5 - a sump located in the immediate vicinity of the pulsating clarifier 2.

Suction pipeline 104, connected through an adapter to the buffer tank 5 - sump and to the suction of a horizontal pump. Pressure line 105, including a continuous line for connecting individual technological components: rotameter 6, automatic self-cleaning filter 3, sorption filter 4, UV emitter 7, purified water outlet.

The pressureless pipeline 106 creates a differential from the buffer tank 5, and the pumping water from the buffer tank 5, the waste pipe 107 from the washing of the automatic self-cleaning filter 3, the pumping water and the washings of the sorption filter are introduced into the waste collection pipe 110.

Clarifier 2 is cleaned from sludge and water is pumped out of it into the sludge pipeline 108

Drain pipe 109 filter basket - mesh separator 1 with replaceable insert

Membrane valves are installed in front of rotameters 6 to adjust the flow.

A motorized shut-off valve is installed behind the sludge conduit 108 from the pulsating clarifier 2. The operation of the motorized shut-off valve 12 is time-controlled.

Piping materials - Pipes and piping valves are made of hardened PVC.

Industrial Application

The four-stage modular surface water treatment plant is designed to purify water from surface water sources. Water purification takes place in accordance with the current legal norms that establish indicators of the quality of purified water for the population, utilities, industry, agriculture, the military sector, the civil sector - natural disasters, SO, within the framework of humanitarian aid, the business sector, etc.

Claims (6)

1. A four-stage modular container treatment plant for surface water, characterized in that behind the inlet of raw water into the container (200) in the pressure supply line (101) a mesh separator (1) is installed, and a rotameter (6) is connected behind it, behind the rotameter ( 6) membrane pumps (8) are connected to the internal pipeline (102) for dosing chemical solutions from storage tanks (9) for mixing with raw water in a static mixer (15) connected to a pulsating clarifier (2), which through a pipeline without pressure ( 103) is connected to a buffer tank (5), from which, using a horizontal pump (13), through a rotameter (6), water enters an automatic self-cleaning filter (3), which is connected to a sorption filter (4), and to a sorption filter (4) a two-stage disinfection is connected, made with the possibility of supplying purified water to the container. 2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that before the container (200) from the suction basket (31) through the pressure line (33), untreated surface water enters the pump (100) with a coarse filter separator (32), connected to the pressure line feed (101). 3. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotameter (6) is connected in parallel to the supply pressure line (101). 4. Installation according to claim. 1, characterized in that the storage tanks (9) are placed in the holding tank (10). 5. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that a static mixer (15) is placed in the inner pipeline (102). 6. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that two-stage disinfection consists of a UV emitter (7), to the output of which a dosing membrane pump (8) is connected for dosing chemical solutions from a storage tank (9) located in a holding tank (11 ), designed to accommodate one storage tank (9).

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