RU2784081C1 - Seeder with disc cassettes for sowing crops - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering.

SUBSTANCE: seeder belongs to agricultural engineering and is designed for sowing seed crops placed in the cells of disk cassettes. The seeder includes a frame with a hitch assembly, support wheels, a working table, sowing sections with a grain duct-seed duct, a cassette sowing device with its drive system, made in the form of a replaceable disk fixed on a vertical shaft with vertical holes for hollow cells for placing the seeded material and a device for extraction of capsules with seeded material from the cells. The holes on the disk are arranged in rows evenly along concentric circles. In the working table, on which the seeding devices are installed, a sowing slot is made in the form of a through longitudinal cut above the funnel of each spike-seed tube, which opens no more than one hole in each row. The opener suspension mechanism is made in the form of a parallelogram.

EFFECT: invention will improve the quality of sowing crops in the plots and ensure the convenience of the operator-sower with replaceable cassettes.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural engineering, in particular, to seeders for sowing agricultural crops. cultures.

It is known the device of an experimental sample of a mounted grain seeder ("Experience with the use of a spikelet seeder in the selection and seed production of grain crops." - Sat. scientific reports. Part 1. - M.: FGBNU VIM, 2015. - S. 307-310.), including a frame with linkage unit, support wheels, working table, four equipped workplaces for sowers, sowing sections with spike duct, coulters, closing and leveling devices. The device is used for sowing with ears of grain crops and provides increased guarantees for maintaining the purity of the variety, in comparison with sowing with seeds.

The disadvantages of the known device are significant labor intensity and time-consuming to perform the sowing operation (the preparation of ears and their simultaneous lowering into the grain ducts is performed by four workers - one for each sowing section).

The closest in technical essence to the proposed device is the planter for capsule sowing of agricultural crops chosen as a prototype (RF patent for the invention No. .), placed in elastically deformable, rapidly decomposing capsules.

The known device contains a frame with a hitch assembly, support wheels, a work table, sowing sections with a grain duct-seed duct, coulters, closing and leveling devices and a tape-cassette sowing device, consisting of a cassette with a tape, a tape drive mechanism with a drive, a device for receiving an empty tape and equipped with a device for extracting capsules from the cells.

The advantage of the known device is that it provides mechanized sowing of families of elite plants in nurseries by mechanized sowing of seed placed in capsules, with the exception of its getting stuck in the cylindrical cells of the sowing device and with the possibility of adjusting the length of the cassette tape, depending on the length of the sown plots.

The disadvantages of the known device is that:

- the execution of the cassette tape in the form of a collapsible structure using easily removable connecting links has a negative effect on the uniformity of seeding along the length of the furrow;

- when using cassette tapes of various sizes (with different distances between the axes of the cells), when changing them, it is necessary to readjust the tape drive mechanism with the replacement of pulling stars or reels with blades, which complicates the operator's work.

The technical objective of the proposed invention is to improve the quality of sowing crops on plots by improving the uniformity of seeding along the length of the furrow and more stable maintenance of the depth of its placement, as well as providing more convenient work for the operator-seeder with replaceable cassettes.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the seeder with disk cassettes for sowing crops, including a frame with a hitch assembly, support wheels, a working table, sowing sections with a grain duct-seed duct and a cassette sowing device with cells for the sown material and a device for extracting capsules with the sown material from the cells, the sowing machine drive system, coulters, closing and leveling devices, according to the invention, the sowing device is made in the form of a replaceable disk fixed on a vertical shaft with holes and hollow cells fixed in them, the lower edges of which are made flush with the lower surface of the disk, while the holes on the disk are evenly spaced along concentric circles, the working table is made with a sowing slot in the form of a through longitudinal cutout that opens no more than one hole in each row, the funnel of the seed conduit is made adjacent to the lower surface of the table and covers the sowing cabbage slots, and the coulter is mounted on a suspension mechanism made in the form of a parallelogram.

The invention is illustrated by diagrams.

In FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a seeder with disc cassettes for sowing crops, side view on the right; in fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a seeder with one sowing section, top view.

A seeder with disk cassettes for sowing crops contains a frame 1, an aggregation unit with a traction tool (not shown), support wheels 2, a working table 3, sowing sections 4 with a grain duct-seed duct and a cassette sowing device 5 with cells 6 for the material to be sown and a device 7 for extracting capsules with seed material from cells 6, drive system 8 of sowing units, coulters 9, closing and leveling devices (not shown).

The cassette sowing device 5 is installed on the desktop 3 and is made in the form of a replaceable disk 11 fixed on a vertical shaft 10 with through vertical holes 12 and hollow cells 6 coaxial with them to accommodate the seeded material. The cells 6 are tightly installed in the holes 12 and fixed in them, and the lower edges of the cells 6 are flush with the lower surface of the disk 11. The length of the cells 6 is not less than the length of the seed used (ears, seed capsules, etc.). The replaceable disk 11 is mounted in such a way that the gap between it and the working table 3 is less than the minimum size of the seeds of the sown crop.

The holes 12 of the replaceable disk 11 are evenly spaced along one or more concentric circles 13.

The working table 3 is made with a sowing slot 14 in the form of a through longitudinal cut. The slot 14 is designed in such a way that it opens no more than one hole 12 from each row of holes in the disc 11 and provides unimpeded passage of long seeds through it.

The funnel 15 of the grain duct-seed duct fits snugly against the bottom surface of the table 3 and covers the sowing slot 14.

The coulter 9 of each section of the seeder is mounted on the suspension mechanism 16, made in the form of a parallelogram and ensuring the stability of the longitudinal orientation of the working body.

Seeder with disc cassettes for sowing crops works as follows.

Before starting work for each section of the seeder, the operator-sower installs a replaceable disk 11 pre-filled with seed on the desktop 3 or fills the “uncharged” disk 11 already installed on the table 3 with seed material.

With the beginning of the movement of the seeder coulters 9, for example, wedge-shaped anchor or disk-anchor type for strip sowing, open the furrows of the required depth. The drive system 8 drives the disks 11 of the sowing devices 5 “charged” with seed into rotation. The rotating disk 11, together with the device 7 for extracting capsules with the seed material, ensures uniform supply of capsules from the cells 6 of the disk 11 through the sowing slot 14 of the working table 3 into the funnel 15 of the grain duct - seed tubes. After passing through the latter, the capsules fall into the opener 9, which places the seed on the open seed bed. The suspension mechanism 16, made in the form of a parallelogram, ensures stable keeping of the shape of the bottom of the furrow.

The closing device fills the seed into the furrow with loose soil. The leveling device levels the soil surface and ensures its easy compaction.

After emptying, the replaceable cassette discs 11 are replaced or recharged. In case of replacement after stopping the seeder, a charged replaceable disk 11 with seed for the next sown plot or area is installed instead of an empty one. The process is repeated. For transportation to the charging point, empty discs are placed in a special device, such as a container.

The cassette sowing device is equipped with a cassette in the form of a replaceable disk, made with holes and hollow cells coaxial with them for the seeded material, the holes are evenly spaced along one or more concentric circles, the working table is made with a sowing slot in the form of a longitudinal cutout above the funnel of the seed duct-sowing duct, coulter strip sowing is mounted on a parallelogram suspension mechanism. This ensures a uniform supply of capsules with seed material to the seed duct and their uniform placement along the length of the furrow, as well as a stable depth of embedding of the capsules with soil and an increase in the convenience of the operator-sower.

The introduction of the proposed invention in breeding and seed breeding nurseries will improve the quality of sowing crops on plots by improving the longitudinal uniformity of sowing and a more stable depth of sowing material and ensure the convenience of the operator-sower with replaceable cassettes.

Claims (1)

A seeder with disc cassettes for sowing crops, including a frame with a suspension unit, support wheels, a working table, sowing sections with a grain duct-seed duct, a cassette sowing device with cells for the seeded material and a device for extracting capsules with the seeded material from the cells, a seeding drive system devices, coulters, closing and leveling devices, characterized in that the sowing device is made in the form of a replaceable disk fixed on a vertical shaft with holes and hollow cells fixed in them, the lower edges of which are made flush with the lower surface of the disk, while the holes on the disk are evenly spaced along concentric circles, and the working table is made with a sowing slot in the form of a through longitudinal cutout that opens no more than one hole in each row of the disk, while the funnel of the seed duct-seed duct is made adjacent to the bottom surface of the table and covers the sowing slot, and The nickname is mounted on a suspension mechanism made in the form of a parallelogram.

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