RU2736060C1 - Sowing machine for capsule sowing of crops - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: soil treatment in agriculture and forestry; sowing.

SUBSTANCE: sowing machine is intended for capsule sowing of various sowing material in nurseries and on selection plots. Sowing machine includes sowing sections with belt-cassette sowing device. Latter consists of a tape cassette, a belt-drive mechanism with a drive and a device for receiving an empty tape. Belt is made of separate interconnected hollow cylindrical cells for capsules with sown material (seeds, ears) and easily detachable links. Internal diameter of cells does not exceed maximum transverse size of capsules, which provides fixation of the latter in cells of tape. Capsules are elastically deformable from a rapidly decomposable material. Belt-cassette sowing device is equipped with device for extracting capsules with sown material from cells.

EFFECT: invention will make it possible to increase quality of sowing, to exclude jamming of sown material in cells of tape, to regulate length of cassette tape depending on length of sown plots.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular, to seeders for sowing agricultural - x. cultures.

Known tape for sowing seeds and a combined unit for sowing planting material in a tape (RF patent for invention No. 2379872, IPC А01С 7/00, А01С 1/04, 2008). The known device is used for sowing seeds in capsules located together with fertilizers in a tape made of water-soluble polymer.

The disadvantages of the known unit are its large mass and energy intensity, which does not allow its effective use on breeding plots, and the lack of devices for sowing grain crops with ears.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed device is a seeder selected as a prototype for sowing grain crops with ears (RF patent for invention No. 2697498, IPC А01С 7/16, 2019), which is designed for sowing cereal crops in nurseries by seeding ears, placed in the tape with cells.

The known device contains a frame with a hinge unit, support wheels, a working table, seeding sections with a wheel guide, openers, sealing and leveling devices, tape-cassette seeding devices, including a cassette reel with a tape, a tape drive and a device for receiving an empty tape.

The advantage of the known device is that it ensures the sowing of families of elite plants in nurseries with ears by means of their mechanized feeding into the ears of corn.

The disadvantages of the known device are that:

- the sown material is not fixed in the tape cell, which can lead to its spilling out of it, and this is unacceptable when carrying out selection work;

- there is no mechanism for extracting the sown material from the tape cells, moreover, it may get stuck in them;

- there is no provision for adjusting the length of the cassette tape, depending on the length of the sown plots.

The technical objective of the proposed invention is to improve the quality of sowing, to prevent the sown material from getting stuck in the tape cells, to adjust the length of the cassette tape, depending on the length of the plots to be sown.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the seeder for capsule sowing of agricultural crops, including a frame with a hinge unit, support wheels, a work table, seeding sections with seed hoses, spikes, openers, closing and leveling devices and a tape-cassette seeding device consisting of a cassette with a tape , a tape drive mechanism with a drive and a device for receiving an empty tape, according to the invention, a tape-cassette seeding device is equipped with a device for removing elastically deformable, rapidly decomposing capsules with sown material from the cells, the tape is made of easily removable connecting links and hollow cylindrical cells with an inner diameter not exceeding the maximum transverse size of the capsules.

The invention is illustrated by diagrams.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of one section of a seeder, rear view, FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a type-setting cassette tape for capsules with sown material, side view.

The seeder for capsule sowing of agricultural crops contains a frame 1 with a hinge unit, support wheels 2, a work table (not shown), seeding sections 3 with seed tubes-spike conduits, openers 4, closing and leveling devices (not shown), tape-cassette seeding device 5 It consists of a cassette 6 with tape 7, a tape drive 8 with a drive and a device 9 for receiving an empty tape 7.

Belt 7, intended for placement and supply of seed, is made of collapsible from separate interconnected hollow cylindrical cells 10 for capsules 11 with sown material (for example, seeds, ears) and easily removable connecting links 12. Belt 7 easily folds up and is placed in cassette 6 The connection of the cells 10 can be, for example, articulated with easily removable connecting links 12 in the form of plastic or metal clips. To ensure the fixation of the capsules 11 in the cells 10 of the tape 7, the inner diameter of the cells 10 cannot be greater than the maximum transverse dimension of the capsules 11. The capsules 11 are made elastically deformable from a rapidly degradable material.

The tape-cassette seeding device 5 is equipped with a device 13 for removing the capsules 11 from the cells 10 of the tape 7. The device 13 can be made, for example, mechanical with synchronization with the tape drive mechanism 8 or pneumatic.

Seeder for capsule sowing of crops works as follows.

Before starting work, the sowing operator installs on the desktop for each section of the seeder a cassette 6 pre-filled with sowing material with a tape 7 of the required length. After that, the operator fixes the free initial section of the tape 7 in the tape drive 8.

With the start of work, the 4 coulters prepare furrows of a given depth. When the seeder moves, the tape drive mechanism 8 and the device 13 for removing the capsules 11 provide uniform supply of the capsules 11 from the cells 10 of the tape 7 into the seeding section 3. When it is designed as a mechanism, the device 13 works synchronously with the tape drive mechanism 8. The tape drive mechanism 8 with a drive, for example , from the support wheel 2 pulls the tape 7 over the seeding section 3. Capsules 11 fall out of the cells 10 of the tape 7 and enter the seeding section 3 with the seed tube-spike guide, and from it - into the opener 4, which ensures the placement of the capsules 11 at the bottom of the furrow. After the empty, without capsules, tape 7 leaves the tape drive 8, it enters the device 9, which serves to place it and transport it to the charging point.

The closing device fills the capsules fed into the furrow with loose soil. The leveling device evens the soil surface to the working width of the drill and ensures easy compaction.

After emptying the tape 7 and stopping the seeder, instead of the empty cassette 6, a charged replaceable cassette 6 with the tape 7 is installed, corresponding to the next sown plot. The process is repeated.

The belt is made of a collapsible design from separate cells for sown resiliently deformable capsules and easily removable connecting elements (for example, clamps or connectors); a special device is provided for removing capsules with sown material from the cells of the belt. This provides the possibility of adjusting the length of the cassette tape, depending on the length of the sown plots, the exclusion of untimely entry of seeds into the furrow due to the possible shedding of individual grains from the spike when sowing with ears, fixing the capsules with the sown material in the tape cells and their uniform supply to the seeding section.

The introduction of the proposed invention in breeding and seed breeding nurseries will improve the quality of sowing, prevent the sown material from getting stuck in the tape cells, and adjust the length of the cassette tape, depending on the length of the sown plots.

Claims (1)

A seeder for capsule sowing of agricultural crops, including a frame with a hitch unit, support wheels, a work table, seeding units with seed conduits, grain conduits, openers, covering, leveling devices and a tape-cassette seeding device consisting of a tape cassette, a tape drive mechanism with a drive for receiving an empty tape, characterized in that the tape is made of easily removable connecting links for hollow cylindrical cells to accommodate resiliently deformable, rapidly decomposing capsules with sown material, and the inner diameter of the cells does not exceed the maximum transverse size of the capsules, while the tape-cassette sowing device is equipped with a device for removing elastically deformable, rapidly decomposing capsules with sown material from the cells.

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