RU2782391C2 - Switch - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: railway track superstructures.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of the superstructure of the railway track, in particular to the arrows for the rail track. The switch contains rails and sleepers. The rails are fixed on sleepers in pairs. Intermediate layers are laid between the rail and the sleeper. Elastomeric soles are located on the lower sides of the sleepers. The midsole layers comprise at least one elastomeric layer. The elastomeric sleeper layer of each of the sleepers has at least two areas of different softness. The harder area is located under the first rail and the softer area is under the second. The rails are fixed on the top side of each sleeper. The softness of the intermediate elastomeric layer located between the first rail and the sleeper differs from the softness of the layer between the second rail and the sleeper.

EFFECT: improved smoothing of the subsidence of the rails during the passage of the train.

9 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to a switch for a rail track for rail vehicles, this switch having rails and a sequence of sleepers, and in each case at least two rails are fixed in pairs opposite each other on the upper side of each sleeper, and between each of the rails and the upper side each sleeper is located on the intermediate layer, and the sleepers on their lower sides opposite their respective upper sides each have a sleeper sole, and these sleeper soles have at least one elastomeric layer.

The arrows represent points of intersection in the tracks, at which at least one branch track is directed to the main track, respectively, is derived from it. There are so-called single arrows, in which a branch path is derived from the main path, respectively, is introduced into it. But there are also so-called cross arrows, in which a branch path crosses the main path and exits through it from two sides.

It is known in the prior art to equip the tracks in the area between the switches and in the area of the switches with elastomeric layers in order to thus achieve a smoothing of the subsidence of the rails and dampening of vibrations when a train passes. It is known, for example, the location under the sleepers, the so-called soles of the sleepers. These sleeper soles are thus located between the sleeper and the gravel bed or fixed railway track on which the sleeper rests. Sleeper soles are known, for example, from AT 506 529 B1 and WO 2016/077852 A1. In AT 506 529 B1, for example, a sleeper sole is proposed in which a tangled fiber layer is applied on the elastic layer of the sleeper sole on the side facing the sleeper, and on the opposite side a reinforcing layer and another elastic layer. The tangled fiber layer serves to attach the sleeper foot to the cast concrete sleepers. The reinforcing layer on the other side of the sleeper foot limits the penetration of the crushed stone of the crushed stone bed into the sleeper foot to the desired degree.

However, resilient intermediate layers are also known in the prior art on the upper side of the sleeper, i.e. between rail and sleeper. This is described, for example, in EP 0 552 788 A1.

AT 503 772 B1 shows a generic arrow in which, on the undersides of each of the sleepers, there are sleeper soles having at least one elastomeric layer. Between rails and sleepers in AT 503 772 B1 there are intermediate layers, which in this publication are called fasteners. It is also known from AT 503 772 B1 that the softness or hardness of the soles of the sleepers varies along the length of the sleeper.

Thus, various methods are known in the prior art to ensure smoothing (levelling) of the subsidence of rails during a train crossing, in particular at railroad switches, while in the prior art in the entire structure in each case a single elastic level is used and, if necessary, optimized to achieve this goal.

The object of the invention is to improve the switch of the above type in such a way that an improved smoothing (levelling) of the subsidence of the rails during a train crossing can be achieved.

Based on the related prior art, the invention proposes for this arrow according to claim 1 of the claims, in which the intermediate layers also have at least one elastomeric layer.

At the same time, contrary to the prior art, the main idea of the invention is to implement not only one, but at least two, when viewed in the mounted position, located at a distance from each other in the vertical direction of the elastic level, in order to improve the smoothing of the subsidence of the rails when the train crosses the switch . In this case, one elastic level is formed by said at least one elastomeric layer of the soles of the sleepers. The second elastic level is formed by the elastomeric layers of the intermediate layers. The elastic properties of these elastomeric layers can be matched to each other, depending on the requirement, in order to achieve a mutually matched optimization by means of both elastic layers. Thanks to this, the damping properties of the entire system of the arrow can be very precisely adapted to the different requirements that arise in the arrow at different places. The elastic deflection can be leveled in the direction of the arrow. The addition of at least one second elastic level makes it possible to precisely match the elastic properties of the arrow with the tasks set, which must be especially solved in each case locally in the arrow at different places.

With the arrows according to the invention, both the soles of the sleepers and the intermediate layers can respectively consist of one or more parts. Both the soles of the sleepers and the intermediate layers can respectively consist of a single elastomeric layer. But they can also have multiple elastomeric layers. In addition, the soles of the sleepers, as well as the intermediate layers, can also have no elastic components or layers. The soles of the sleepers can be, for example, a sandwich structure having two elastic layers, a reinforcing layer and a layer of entangled fibers, respectively, a connecting layer, which is known from AT 503 772 B1. The intermediate layers, in addition to said at least one elastomeric layer, may also have, for example, metal plates, as is also explained in the examples below in the description of the figures.

Preferred embodiments of the invention provide that in the switch the elastomeric layers of at least two different sleeper soles have a different ballast bed modulus and/or that in the switch the elastomeric layers of at least two different intermediate layers have different rigidity. In terms of difference, it is advantageously provided that the moduli of the ballast bed of the elastomeric layers of said at least two different sleeper soles differ from each other by at least 25% of the greater modulus of the ballast bed, and/or that the stiffnesses of the elastomeric layers of said at least two different intermediate layers differ from each other by at least 25% of the greater rigidity.

In particular, the soles of the sleepers may also have regions of different hardness or softness in the longitudinal direction of the sleeper. In this case, we can talk about a single continuous sleeper sole, as well as sections separated from each other, which together form the sleeper sole.

Elastomeric layers, as the term already suggests, are layers of at least one elastomer. Elastomers are dimensionally stable but elastically deformable polymers that deform elastically under tensile and compressive loading, but then at least substantially return to their original, undeformed configuration. Particularly preferably, it is provided that the elastomeric layer of each intermediate layer and/or the elastomeric layer of each sleeper sole contains polyurethane or rubber or a mixture comprising polyurethane and/or rubber. The named elastomeric layers can also consist entirely of the named materials. The rubber may be natural as well as synthetic rubber elastomers. Preferably we are talking about foamed polyurethane and/or foamed rubber. Both foam options are preferably closed-cell.

It is preferably provided that the elastomeric layer of each sleeper foot has a ballast bed modulus ranging from 0.02 N/mm ³ (Newton per cubic millimeter) to 0.6 N/mm ³ , preferably from 0.1 N/mm ³ to 0, 5 N/mm ³ , particularly preferably from 0.15 N/mm ³ to 0.4 N/mm ³ .

Ballast bed modulus is often used to describe the deformation behavior in transit on a crushed stone bed. It describes the ratio of pressure per unit area to the corresponding subsidence. Thus, a softer material has a lower modulus of the ballast bed, and vice versa. Simplified, the ballast bed module indicates at what pressure per unit surface a certain subsidence is obtained.

The elastomeric layer of each intermediate layer preferably has a stiffness in the range of 5 kN/mm (kilonewton per millimeter) to 1000 kN/mm, preferably 10 kN/mm to 300 kN/mm, particularly preferably 20 kN/mm to 200 kN /mm. Rigidity could also be referred to as modulus of elasticity or fulcrum stiffness. It describes the ratio of the force at the fulcrum to the drawdown. Softer materials have lower stiffness than relatively harder materials.

The modulus of the ballast bed can be determined, for example, according to DIN 45673, August 2010 edition. The stiffness can be determined according to EN 13146, April 2012 edition.

With the application of the basic principle according to the invention of said at least two elastic levels in the arrow, which can be correspondingly coordinated with each other, various specific tasks in the arrow can be solved better than is possible in the prior art. For example, by applying the basic principle according to the invention, it is possible to better counteract the tipping of the sleepers at specific points in the turnout, for example this is possible in particular in the region of the cross or in the region of half sleepers in the turnout. To this end, in particularly preferred embodiments of the invention, it is provided that the elastomer layer of the sole of each of the sleepers has at least two areas of different softness, while the harder region of the elastomer layer of the sole of the sleeper is located under the first of the rails, and the softer region of the elastomer layer of the sole of the sleeper is under the second of the rails, wherein the first of the rails and the second of the rails are fixed at a distance from each other on the upper side of each sleeper, and the elastomeric layer of the intermediate layer located between the first of the rails and the upper side of this sleeper, and the elastomeric layer of the intermediate layer located between the second of the rails and the upper side of this sleeper, have different softness from each other. That is, in addition to the principle actually known from the prior art, an elastomeric layer of the sleeper sole can be additionally provided in the longitudinal direction along the sleeper, which must be made with different softness, so that also the elastomeric layers of the intermediate layers above the sleeper, that is, on the upper side of the sleeper in the at a distance from each other in the longitudinal direction of the sleepers ground, were made with different hardness or softness. In this case, it is especially preferably provided that in the region above the relatively soft region of the elastomer layer of the sole of the sleeper there is also an intermediate layer having a relatively soft elastomer layer, and vice versa. That is, in this sense it is advantageously provided that the elastomeric layer of the intermediate layer located between the first of the rails and the upper side of this sleeper is harder than the elastomeric layer of the intermediate layer located between the second of the rails and the upper side of this sleeper. Thanks to this variation in hardness or softness both in the intermediate layer and in the sleeper foot in the longitudinal direction of the sleeper, an improved and more uniform relief can be achieved in a particularly precisely coordinated manner in order to counteract tipping of the sleepers in this way. Particularly advantageously, this variant of the basic principle according to the invention finds application in the half-ties following the last continuous sleeper and also in the so-called frog cross area.

Another application of the above basic principle of the invention in the arrows according to the invention can also be used to avoid jumps in elastic properties in the longitudinal direction of the arrow, ie both in the longitudinal direction of the main track and branch track. To this end, in preferred embodiments, it is provided that, when viewed in the longitudinal direction transversely, preferably orthogonally to the sleepers, the elastomeric layers of the soles of at least two of the sleepers arranged one after the other have a different softness from each other, and also the elastomeric layers of the intermediate layers on at least at least two of the sleepers arranged one behind the other are made with softness differing from each other, while in the case of a change in the softness of the elastomeric layer of the sole of the sleeper from one of the sleepers to the sleeper following it in the longitudinal direction, the elastomeric layers of the intermediate layers on these two sleepers have the same softness, and/or in the case of a change in softness of the elastomeric layer of the intermediate layer from one of the sleepers to the sleeper following it in the longitudinal direction, the elastomeric layers of the soles of the sleepers under these two sleepers have the same softness. That is, in simple terms, this application of the basic principle of the invention provides that changes in softness at the level of the soles of the sleepers do not occur simultaneously with changes in the softness at the level of the intermediate layers, but these changes in the longitudinal direction across the sleepers are shifted relative to each other by at least one sleeper. Due to this, changes in elastic properties along the arrow can be smoothed out, respectively, lubricated. This principle is preferably applied in the entire area of the arrow. Overlapping multiple sleepers is preferred. That is, according to this basic principle, it is provided that the changes in softness or hardness at the level of the intermediate layers are always offset relative to the changes in softness or hardness at the level of the soles of the sleepers.

Another application of the basic principle according to the invention can be used for improvements in the so-called arrow point area. In this so-called arrow point area, on the one hand, it should be taken into account that the gravel bed there is usually relatively thin, that is, it has a relatively small vertical extension, and additionally the sleepers are made relatively short. But, on the other hand, in particular in this region of the rail, due to the expansion and contraction of the rails due to the temperature, as well as due to the frequently located switch heaters, a concentration of forces occurs. Both together lead to a tendency of the paths to lateral horizontal break. In order to counteract this tendency, the soles of the sleepers in the area of the point must be made relatively ductile, respectively viscoelastic, in order to thus achieve the highest possible resistance to transverse movement in the crushed stone bed or on some other substructure. But, on the other hand, this leads to the fact that also in the vertical direction the elastic properties are relatively low. In order to compensate for this, it can be provided that, in particular in the area of the arrowhead, the elastomeric layer of the intermediate layer on each of the sleepers is softer than the elastomeric layer of the sleeper sole underneath this sleeper. Due to the relatively soft elastomeric layer in the intermediate layer, the elastomeric layer relatively hard in order to ensure the necessary resistance to transverse displacement in the sleeper foot can be compensated so that the desired elastic behavior is generally obtained in the vertical direction. In particular, it is advantageously provided that, in particular in the area of the frog point, the elastomeric layers of the sole of the sleeper are viscoelastic and have an EPM index in the range from 10% to 25%, preferably from 10% to 20%, whereby the EPM index is determined and can be measured as defined in WO 2016/077852 A1.

It is also preferred that, in particular in the area of the point of the arrow, the elastomeric layers of the intermediate layers have a stiffness in the range from 20 kN/mm to 200 kN/mm, preferably from 40 kN/mm to 100 kN/mm. The preferred ratios and properties indicated in paragraphs 5 to 10 of the claims may apply, respectively, to said at least one elastomeric layer of the sleeper sole and/or to said at least one elastomeric layer of the intermediate layer, as well as to the entire sole of the sleeper and/or the entire intermediate layer. .

Other features and details of the preferred embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the examples below using the description of the figures. Shown:

Fig. 1: Schematic representation of the arrow according to the invention in the form of a so-called single arrow in plan view;

figure 2: shows a schematic vertical section along the section line AA of figure 1;

figure 3: shows a schematic vertical section along the section line BB of figure 1;

figure 4: shows a schematic vertical section along the section line CC of figure 1;

Fig. 5 shows a schematically depicted vertical section along the section line DD of Fig. 1;

Fig. 6 shows a schematic vertical section along the section line VV of Fig. 1;

Fig.7: shows a schematic vertical section along the section line ZZ of Fig.1; and

Fig.8: schematically shows one of the alternative embodiments of the intermediate layer.

Schematically shown in figure 1 in plan view, the arrow 1 is a so-called single arrow, in which the branch path 18 flows into the main path 3. For the sake of completeness, it should be noted that the invention can also be implemented in the so-called cross arrows, in which branch track 18 flows into main track 3 on one side and exits it on the other side. In this case, the main path 3 is called the path of the most frequent movement. Branch path 18 is generally a less frequent path.

Before and behind the switch, rails 2 are fixed in pairs opposite each other on each of the sleepers 4. The sleepers 4 are located along the entire arrow across and in some areas even orthogonally to the longitudinal direction 13 of both the main track 3 and the branch track 18. The arrow 1 itself has an area 14 wits, area 14 connecting paths and area 16 of the cross. In the region 14 of the wit there are the wag rails 23 which can be rotated on the hinges 23 of the wit rails. In the region 15 of the connecting paths there are intermediate rails 25 respectively rigidly fixed to the sleepers 4. In the region 14 of the wag, the outer rails 2 are also called frame rails 24. The region 16 of the cross of the arrow on the side facing away from the region 14 of the wag ends with the last continuous sleeper 20, which is also often called LDS (Last Solid Sleeper, LDS). After that, both in the area of the main track 3 and in the area 18 of the connecting tracks, several so-called half sleepers 21 follow, which, due to the existing space conditions, in order to save space, can be made on the one hand shortened compared to the sleepers used in the main track 3 and in connecting ways 18.

In the region 17 of the cross, the rails 2 are often referred to as guard rails 26. The rails 2 in the region of the half-sleepers 21 are often referred to as adjoining rails 27. there are also so-called guide rails 19. The construction of arrow 1 in FIG. 1 described so far is known in itself and therefore does not require further explanation. The term "rail" 2 includes, in general, all kinds of rails 2, whether or not they are designated specifically and additionally by their own reference designation.

The figures 2 to 7 explained below are in each case schematically depicted vertical sections along the aforementioned section lines. In each case, it is shown how, in the respective sections, these rails 2, by means of intermediate layers 6, rest on the upper sides 5 of the sleepers, and the sleepers 4, through the soles 8 of the sleepers located on their lower sides 7, rest on the crushed stone bed 28. Type of fastening of rails 2 and intermediate layers 6 to sleepers 4 is not shown in these images. It can be performed as in the prior art. The same applies to the fastening of the soles 8 of the sleepers to the undersides 7 of the sleepers 4.

Instead of the crushed stone bed 28, there can also be a fixed substructure known per se, for example in the form of concrete slabs or the like. The soles 8 of the sleepers, in particular in the case of a fixed substructure, can be located not only on the underside 7 of the sleeper, but also on the side surfaces of each sleeper 4, preferably protrude somewhat further upwards. In particular, in this case the soles 8 of the sleepers may also be referred to as sleeper shoes. They may also have the known laminar sleeper shoe inserts as such.

With the exception of FIG. 8, both the intermediate layers 6 and the soles 8 of the sleepers are shown as single-layer bodies in the form of elastomeric layers 10, respectively 9. As explained above, this need not be the case. Both the intermediate layers 6 and the soles 8 of the sleepers, in addition to their elastomeric layers 10, respectively, 9 can also have other layers, as already explained above and with the help of FIG. 6.

In all the figures described below, the elastomeric layers 9 of the soles 8 of the sleepers, as well as the elastomeric layers 10 of the intermediate layers 6, have been hatched in different ways. Each type of shading characterizes a particular hardness or softness of a given elastomeric layer 9 or 10, whereby the selected representation refers exclusively to the relationship to each other. In all images, the hardest elastomeric layers 9, respectively, 10 are shaded vertically. The average degrees of hardness, respectively, softness are shaded obliquely. The elastomeric layers 9 and 10 softest relative to them are indicated by horizontal shading.

FIG. 2 shows a vertical section along section line AA in a connection path region 15, in which the rails 2 are also referred to as connection rails 25. As already explained, there are two elastic levels vertically spaced apart. The lower elastic level is formed by the elastomeric layer 9 of the sole 8 of the sleeper. The upper elastic level is realized by the elastomeric layers 10 of the intermediate layers 6. By adjusting the elastic properties or the softness of each of the elastomeric layers 9 and 10 used, generally speaking, the overall resilience along the arrow 1 can be adapted to the local requirements in each case. In the area 15 of the connecting paths, the elasticity, respectively, the softness of the elastomeric layer 9 of the sole 8 of the sleeper over the entire longitudinal extent in the longitudinal direction 31 of the sleeper 4 is made constant. The elastomeric layers 10 located on the upper side 5 of the sleeper of the intermediate layers 6 are harder than the elastomeric layer 9 of the sole 8 of the sleeper, but are made equally soft, respectively, hard relative to each other.

FIG. 3 shows a vertical section along the section line BB in the longitudinal direction 13 of the arrow 1 of the same sleeper as in FIG.

Figure 4 shows a vertical section in the area 16 of the cross of the arrow 1 along the line CC of the section from figure 1 and, at the same time, along the sleeper 4, made in the form of an elongated sleeper, which is always loaded eccentrically when the train is crossing, since the train travels either along the main track 3, or on a branch track 18. This inevitably leads to a one-sided load and, at the same time, a tendency for the sleepers 4 to tip over in this area. To counteract this, the outer regions 11 of the elastomeric layer 9 of the sole 8 of the sleeper are made harder than the central region 12 of the elastomeric layer 9 of the sole 8 of the sleeper. But there are limits to this ability to compensate for rollover effects. In order to avoid excessive loading of these sleepers 4 in their middle section, the softness in the sole 8 of the sleeper, respectively, its elastomeric layer 9 in the area 12 cannot differ too much from the edge areas 11. In order to achieve, nevertheless, an ideal softness of the support of the second rails 30 in this middle region of the sleeper 4, the softness of the elastomeric layers 10 of the intermediate layers 6 in the longitudinal direction 31 of the sleeper 4 also varies. two areas 11 and 12 of different softness, with the harder area 11 of the elastomeric layer 9 of the sole 8 of the sleeper located under the first of the rails 29, and the softer area 12 of the elastomeric layer 9 of the sole 8 of the sleeper under the second of the rails 30, while the first of the rails 29 and the second of the rails 30 are fixed at a distance from each other on the upper side 5 of each sleeper 4, and the elastomeric layer 10 of the intermediate layer 6, located between the first of the rails 29 and the upper side 5 of this sleeper 4, and the elastomeric layer 10 of the intermediate layer 6 located between the second of the rails 30 and the upper side 5 of this sleeper 4, are different in hardness from each other, while here specifically provided, that the elastomeric layer 10 of the intermediate layer 6 located between the first of the rails 29 and the upper side 5 of this sleeper 4 is harder than the elastomeric layer 10 of the intermediate layer 6 located between the second of the rails 30 and the upper side 5 of this sleeper 4.

A second example, in which the softness of the elastomeric layers 9 and 10 varies both in the sole 8 of the sleeper and in the intermediate layers 6 in the longitudinal direction 31 of the sleeper 4, is shown in FIG. Here we are talking about a vertical section along the line DD of the section from figure 1, that is, about the vertical section of the half sleeper 21 immediately following the last continuous sleeper 20. These half sleepers 21 are prone to tipping, because due to the limited space on one side, the occupied area on one side they protrude less far beyond rail 2 than on the opposite side. This tipping effect can also be counteracted by varying the softness or hardness of the regions 11 and 12 of the elastomeric layer 9 of the sole 8 of the sleeper. However, measurements have shown that even though smoothing can be achieved, the introduced loads are still very uneven, so that various settlements can occur in the lower structure, i.e. here in the crushed stone base 28 . That is, here, too, with the help of the additionally available elastomeric layers 10 of the intermediate layers 6, with the help of the second elastic level, an additional fine matching of elasticities, respectively, softness in the longitudinal direction 31 along the sleeper 4 can be achieved, which generally leads to improved and more uniform unloading also in the area of these semi-sleepers 21 shortened on one side. And here it is preferably provided that over the softer area 12 of the sole 8 of the sleeper there is a softer intermediate layer 6, and over the harder area 11 of the sole 8 of the sleeper there is also a harder intermediate layer 6.

Figure 6 shows a longitudinal section parallel to the longitudinal direction 13 of the arrow 1, respectively, the main path 3 across the sleepers 4. Here, the principle is implemented that changes in elasticity in the elastomeric layers 9 and 10 of the sole 8 of the sleeper and the intermediate layer 6 are realized exclusively with a shift relative to each other friend, that is, not between the same sleepers 4. In this figure 6, it is provided that, when viewed in the longitudinal direction 13 across, preferably orthogonally to the sleepers 4, the elastomeric layers 9 of the soles 8 of at least two of the located one behind the other sleepers 4 are made with different softness from each other, as well as the elastomeric layers 10 of the intermediate layers 6 on at least two of the sleepers 4 arranged one behind the other also with different softness, while in the case of a change in the softness of the elastomeric layer 9 of the sole 8 sleepers from one of the sleepers 4 to the sleeper following it in the longitudinal direction 13 4 elastomeric layers 10 intermediate layers 6 on these two sleepers 4 equally soft, and/or in the case of a change in the softness of the elastomeric layer 10 of the intermediate layer 6 from one of the sleepers 4 to the sleeper 4 following it in the longitudinal direction, the elastomeric layers 9 of the soles 8 of the sleepers under these two sleepers 4 are equally soft. Due to the fact that changes in elasticity or softness during transitions in these two elastic levels in the longitudinal direction 13 occur with a shift relative to each other, spasmodic changes in the elastic properties along the arrow 1 are prevented. That is, there is a kind of lubrication or leveling effect. Figure 6 shows this as an example. Viewed from left to right, between the first and second sleeper 4, the elasticity of the elastomeric layer 10 of the intermediate layer 6 first changes, while the elasticity of the elastomeric layer 9 of the sole 8 of the sleeper remains the same in the transition from the first to the second sleeper 4. Then, from the second to the third sleeper 4, the elasticity or softness of the elastomeric layer 9 in the sole 9 of the sleeper changes, while at the transition between these two sleepers the elasticity or softness of the elastomeric layer 10 of the intermediate layer 6 remains unchanged. Then, between the third and fourth, as well as between the fourth and fifth sleepers 4, neither the elasticity of the elastomeric layer 9 nor the elasticity of the elastomeric layer 10 changes, while between the fifth and sixth sleepers 4 then the softness of the elastomeric layer 9 of the sole 8 of the sleeper changes, while while the softness of the elastomeric layer 10 of the intermediate layer 6 remains the same. Then, when moving from the sixth to the seventh sleeper 4, the softness of the elastomeric layer 10 of the intermediate layer 6 changes, while there is no further change in the softness of the elastomeric layer 9 of the sole 8 of the sleeper between these two sleepers 4. This principle is preferably implemented along the entire longitudinal extent of the arrow 1, that is, both in the main path 3 and in the branch path 18.

In the principles described so far with the aid of FIGS. 4-6, it is generally preferred that, with the modulus of the ballast bed of the elastomeric layer 9 of the sole 8 of the sleeper in the range of 0.02-0.2 N/mm ^{3 ,} the rigidity of the elastomeric layer 10 of the intermediate layer lies within the range from 5 to 150 kN/mm. If the modulus of the ballast bed of the elastomeric layer 9 of the sole 8 of the sleeper is in the range of 0.2 to 0.3 N/mm ³ , then the elastomeric layer 10 of the intermediate layer 6 in such embodiments preferably has a stiffness in the range of 10 to 200 kN/mm. If the modulus of the ballast bed of the elastomer layer 9 of the sole 8 of the sleeper lies, in contrast, in the range from 0.3 to 0.6 N/mm ³ , then the elastomer layer 10 of the intermediate layer 6 in the said embodiments preferably has a stiffness in the range of 15 up to 250 kN/mm.

Figure 7 shows a section of ZZ from figure 1 in the area 14 of the wit. In order to guarantee a correspondingly high resistance to transverse displacement between each sleeper 4 and the substructure, here in the form of a gravel bed 28, sleeper soles 8 whose elastomeric layers 10 have viscoelastic properties are preferably used here. The EPM index of the elastomeric layers 9 of soles 8 of sleepers in this area is preferably in the range of 10% to 25%, preferably 10% to 20%. The modulus of the ballast bed of the elastomeric layers 9 of the soles 8 of the sleepers in this area 14 of the wit lies preferably in the range from 0.1 to 0.6 N/mm ³ . In order to nevertheless achieve a sufficiently soft support of the rails 2 in the vertical direction, the intermediate layers 6 in this point area 14 are preferably designed to be suitably soft. The elastomeric layers 10 of the intermediate layers 6 here preferably have a stiffness in the range of 20 to 200 kN/mm, preferably 40 to 100 kN/mm. In this case, in general, in the area 14 of the point of the arrow 1, it is advantageously provided that the elastomeric layer 10 of the intermediate layer 6 on each of the sleepers 4 is softer than the elastomeric layer 9 of the sole 8 of the sleeper under this sleeper 4.

In the cross sections shown so far, the intermediate layer 6 consists in each case of a single elastomeric layer 10. However, as already explained above, the intermediate layer 6 can also be multi-layered and consist of different materials. Such an example is shown in FIG. Here, the intermediate layer 6 has a metal plate 32 in addition to the elastomeric layer 10. A rail 2 is fixed to the metal plate 32. Such metal plates 32 can, for example, be used to increase the area over which the intermediate layer 6 is pressed against the elastomeric layer 10. Of course, there are numerous other ways in which the intermediate layer 6 can be multi-layered. This also applies to the sole 8 of the sleeper, and here, in particular, reference is made to the prior art already mentioned above, which represents multilayer soles 8 of the sleepers.

LIST OF REFERENCES

1 - Arrow

2 - Rail

3 - Main path

4 - Sleeper

5 - Upper side of the sleeper

6 - Intermediate layer

7 - Underside of the sleeper

8 - Sole of the sleeper

9 - Elastomeric layer

10 - Elastomeric layer

11 - Region

12 - Region

13 - Longitudinal direction

14 - Wit's area

15 - Area of connecting paths

16 - Cross section

17 - Cross

18 - Branch path

19 - Guide rail

20 - LDS (PSSh, last solid sleeper)

21 - Half sleeper

22 - Witty rails

23 - Pointed rail hinge

24 - Frame rails

25 - Connecting rails

26 - Guard rails

27 - Adjacent rails

28 - Rubble bed

29 - First rail

30 - Second rail

31 - Longitudinal direction

32 - Metal plate.

Claims (10)

1. An arrow (1) for a track for rail vehicles, this arrow (1) having rails (2) and a sequence of sleepers (4), and in each case on the upper side (5) of each sleeper (4) in pairs opposite each other each other, at least two of the rails (2) are fixed, and between each of the rails (2) and the upper side (5) of each sleeper is located along the intermediate layer (6), and the sleepers (4) on their lower sides (7), opposite their respective upper sides (5), each have a sleeper sole (8), and these sleeper soles (8) each have at least one elastomeric layer (9), characterized in that the intermediate layers (6) have at least one elastomeric layer (10), moreover, the elastomeric layer (9) of the sole (8) of the sleeper of each of the sleepers (4) has at least two regions (11, 12) of different softness, while the harder region (11) of the elastomeric layer (9) of the sole (8) of the sleeper is located under the first of the rails (2, 29), and the softer area (12) of the elastomeric layer (9) of the sole (8) of the sleeper is under the second of the rails (2, 30), while the first of the rails (2, 29) and the second of the rails (2, 30) are fixed at a distance from each other on the upper side (5) of each sleeper (4), and the elastomeric layer (10) of the intermediate layer (6) located between the first of the rails (2, 29) and the upper side (5) of this sleeper (4), and the elastomeric layer (10) of the intermediate layer (6) located between the second of the rails (2, 30) and the upper side (5) of this sleeper (4) have different softness . 2. An arrow (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that in the arrow (1) the elastomeric layers (9) of at least two different soles (8) of the sleepers have a ballast bed modulus that differs from each other and / or that in the arrow ( 1) elastomeric layers (10) of at least two different intermediate layers (6) have different rigidity from each other. 3. Arrow (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the elastomeric layer (9) of each sole (8) of the sleeper has a ballast bed modulus ranging from 0.02 N/mm ³ to 0.6 N/mm ³ , preferably 0.1 N/mm ³ to 0.5 N/mm ³ , particularly preferably 0.15 N/mm ³ to 0.4 N/mm ³ , and/or that the elastomeric layer (10) of each intermediate layer (6) has a stiffness in the range of 5 kN/mm to 1000 kN/mm, preferably 10 kN/mm to 300 kN/mm, particularly preferably 20 kN/mm to 200 kN/mm. 4. Arrow (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the elastomeric layer (10) of each intermediate layer (6) and/or the elastomeric layer (9) of each sole (8) of the sleeper contains, preferably foamed, polyurethane or rubber or a mixture comprising, preferably foamed, polyurethane and/or rubber, or consists of them. 5. An arrow (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the elastomeric layer (10) of the intermediate layer (6) located between the first of the rails (2, 29) and the upper side (5) of this sleeper (4 ) is harder than the elastomeric layer (10) of the intermediate layer (6) located between the second of the rails (2, 30) and the upper side (5) of this sleeper (4). 6. Arrow (1) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that when viewed in the longitudinal direction (13) across, preferably orthogonally to the sleepers (4), the elastomeric layers (9) of the soles (8) of at least two of the sleepers (4) arranged one behind the other have different softness, and also the elastomeric layers (10) of the intermediate layers (6) on at least two of the sleepers (4) arranged one behind the other are made with different softness, at the same time, in the case of a change in the softness of the elastomeric layer (9) of the sole (8) of the sleeper from one of the sleepers (4) to the sleeper (4) following it in the longitudinal direction (13), the elastomeric layers (10) of the intermediate layers (6) on these two sleepers (4) are equally soft, and / or in the case of a change in the softness of the elastomeric layer (10) of the intermediate layer (6) from one of the sleepers (4) to the sleeper (4) following it in the longitudinal direction (13), elastomeric layers (9) the soles (8) of the sleepers under these two sleepers (4) are equally soft. 7. Arrow (1) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that in particular in the area (14) of the sharp point of the arrow (1), the elastomeric layer (10) of the intermediate layer (6) on each of the sleepers (4) is softer than the elastomeric layer (9) of the sole (8) of the sleeper under this sleeper (4). 8. Arrow (1) according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that in particular in the area (14) of the point of the arrow (1), the elastomeric layers (10) of the sole (8) of the sleeper are made viscoelastic and have an EPM index in the range 10% to 25%, preferably 10% to 20%. 9. Arrow (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that in particular in the region (14) of the sharp point of the arrow (1), the elastomeric layers (10) of the intermediate layers (6) have a stiffness ranging from 20 kN/ mm to 200 kN/mm, preferably from 40 kN/mm to 100 kN/mm.

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