RU2775279C1 - Organomineral fertilizer based on the zoocompost of the black lion fly material - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture. Organo-mineral fertilizer based on the zoocompost of the Black Lion fly larvae includes an organic part, and the organic part is used in the form of a zoocompost of the Black Lion fly larvae, as well as glauconite clay, citrogypsum, cement production waste - dust from kilns of electrostatic precipitators. All components are taken at a certain ratio.

EFFECT: invention makes it possible to create an organo-mineral fertilizer expanding the range of organo-mineral fertilizers with high quality indicators that provide consistently high yields.

1 cl, 1dwg, 10 tbl,1 ex

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used for the production of organomineral fertilizer intended for growing crops.

Known composition of the complex organomineral fertilizer described in the patent "Method of obtaining a complex organomineral fertilizer" [Patent application RU No. 2002108155, publ. 03/20/2004], including manure processing and the introduction of mineral fertilizers and trace elements. The decomposition products of two to four years old sludge from sewage treatment plants from pig, poultry and cattle droppings are crushed and separated into fractions of 2-5 mm, mixed and mixed with bischofite brine by fine spraying of drops onto the components in manure fractions, then the mixture is dried to moisture 16-22%.

The disadvantage of this composition of the complex organomineral fertilizer is the mandatory use of expensive mineral fertilizers and trace elements, the duration of the preliminary preparation of the organic components that make up the organomineral fertilizer, as well as the too laborious, complex and energy-consuming method of their production.

This technical solution does not take into account the possibility of using by-products of industrial production in the production of organomineral fertilizers.

The closest technical solution adopted for the prototype is the composition of the organomineral fertilizer proposed in the patent "Method for the production of organomineral fertilizer" [Patent RU No. 2426712 published 20.08. 2011 Bull. No. 23]. Organo-mineral fertilizer includes the organic part - composted bedding manure of cattle (cattle), cattle humus, intra-farm waste, phosphogypsum and straw. These components are laid in layers on a compacted clay platform with a deep bottom at the following ratio, wt.%: bedding cattle manure 65-75, cattle humus 3-7, farm waste 2-5, phosphogypsum 15-25, straw - the rest. An essential feature of this solution is the obligatory monthly mixing for 3.5-4 months before ripening with periodic moistening in the dry period, since without these conditions the components themselves do not provide an organomineral fertilizer containing a balanced amount of elements that ensure optimal growth and development of plants, and as a result do not provide a high yield.

The invention is aimed at creating a new organomineral fertilizer expanding the range of organomineral fertilizers, with high quality indicators that provide consistently high yields.

This is achieved by the fact that the organo-mineral fertilizer contains zoocompost of the Black Lion fly larvae, glauconite clay, citric acid production waste - citrogypsum, cement plant waste - dust of kilns of electrostatic precipitators with the following content of mass components %: zoocompost of the Black Lion fly larvae - 55-75, glauconite clay 5-15, citrogypsum 10-30, cement production waste - dust from kilns of electrostatic precipitators 5-10%.

A comparable analysis with the prototype shows that the inventive organomineral fertilizer differs in that it contains citric acid production waste - citrogypsum, cement production waste - electrostatic precipitator kiln dust, glauconite clay and zoocompost of the Black Lion fly larvae. Thus, the claimed solution meets the criterion of invention "novelty".

Comparison of the claimed solution not only with the prototype, but also with other known technical solutions in this field of technology did not confirm the presence in the latter of features that coincide with its distinctive features, or features that affect the achievement of the specified technical result. This made it possible to conclude that the invention meets the criterion of "inventive step".

With such a composition, due to the occurrence of chemical processes between all components, a new organomineral fertilizer is formed with high quality indicators and specified physical and chemical properties, while it is possible to utilize waste from various industries, which reduces the anthropogenic load on the environment. The use of industrial wastes allows them to be re-involved in the technological cycle, which contributes to the creation of low-waste and waste-free technologies.

Characteristics of the components.

Zoocompost of the Black Lion fly larvae is the organic part of the organomineral fertilizer, represented by processed Black Lion fly larvae organic waste. Organic waste is a wide range of food waste, primarily substandard grain products, substandard food products of retail chains. Packaging of any type is separated from the waste, then they are crushed and homogenized to a state of a homogeneous substance. The larvae grown in the incubator are added to this substance, which for several days process the substrate in which they are located. At the end of this period, larvae are separated from the processed waste by means of sifting. This recycled waste is used as an organic component in organic fertilizer.

The chemical composition of the zoocompost of the Black Lion fly larvae is presented in Table. one.

Table 1

Chemical composition of zoocompost of Black Lion fly larvae

N _{P2O5 _ K2O} Carbon Ash trace elements CaO MgO Water 2-3 1-3 1-3 15–45 5-6 1-6 0.7-2 0.3-0.5 20–50

Glauconite clay - a mineral that has a number of unique molecular sorption and ion-exchange properties, due to the large amount of potassium oxide in the composition and the ability to change the technological parameters of the mineral through chemical and structural modification, can be used in the production of organomineral fertilizer. The chemical composition is presented in table. 2.

table 2

Chemical composition of glauconite clay

Content of components, % _{SiO2 Al2O3 _ Fe2O3 _} FeO MgO _{K2O Na2O} water 47-52 5.5-23 6.1-23.6 0.8-8.6 2.4-4.5 4.4-9.4 0.0-3.5 4.9-13.5

Citrogypsum - is a waste product of citric acid production, the chemical composition of which is presented in Table. 3. It contains elements necessary for the life of plants, such as S, Si and Ca, Mg, which are well combined with the organic component of organomineral fertilizers and enhance their effectiveness.

Table 3

The chemical composition of citrogypsum

Content of components, % _SiO2 SO ₃ CaO MgO _R2O n.n.n. 0.2-1.7 38.3-45.5 29.7-32.6 0.1-0.4 0.3-1.2 22.0-28.4

Waste of cement production - dust from kilns of electrostatic precipitators. Its chemical composition is given in Table. 4. Dust from electrostatic precipitators of kilns of cement production, for example, CJSC Belgorodsky Cement, is mainly represented by oxides of calcium 45–54%, silicon 15%, potassium 6%, iron 6–7%. These elements are essential for the growth and development of plants.

Table 4

Chemical composition of dust from electric precipitator kilns, wt. %

_{Fe2O3 _} CaO _{SiO2 Al2O3 _} MgO _{K2O Na2O} SO ₃ chlorides ppp 6.4-7.1 44-53.5 14.3 1.3–6.2 0.5–6.3 5.3 0.3 2.3 2.3–2.6 4.8-6.0

The condition for the preparation of organomineral fertilizer is grinding, mechanical mixing of the initial components, followed by granulation. Were prepared compositions of organomineral fertilizer, which are presented in table. 5.

Table 5

Component composition of organomineral fertilizer, %

Compound Glauconite clay Kiln dust electrostatic precipitators Cytrogypsum Zoocompost
Black Lion fly larvae one 5 5 fifteen 75 2 ten ten ten 70 3 fifteen ten twenty 55 four 5 ten 25 60 5 ten 5 thirty 55 6 fifteen 5 twenty 60

Glauconite clay was mixed with citrogypsum, waste from cement production - dust from electrostatic precipitators and zoocompost in a paddle mixer for 5-7 minutes. If necessary, pre-crushed in a roller crusher for 3-5 minutes. The resulting mixture was then granulated in an extruder.

Example (composition No. 1, table. 5). We took 0.625 kg of glauconite clay and crushed it in a roller crusher for 5 minutes, then added 0.625 kg of cement production waste - dust from electric filter kilns, 1.875 kg of citrogypsum and 9.375 kg of zoocompost and mixed in a paddle mixer for 5 minutes, the resulting mass was passed through an extruder . Fig 1.

The primary qualitative characteristics of the obtained organomineral fertilizers were evaluated in a field small-plot experiment. Organo-mineral fertilizer was applied to the soil in autumn at a dose of 1-3 tons per hectare, evenly distributed over the surface of the plot, closing it to a depth of 15-25 cm with a bayonet shovel, the size of the plot was 1 m ² . The soil of the experimental plot is represented by a typical medium-thick, low-humus chernozem. Belgorod region, district. Belgorodsky, p. Erik, St. Farmer.

Tomato seedlings were sown in the prepared experimental plots; the scheme of the experiment is presented in Table. 6.

Table 6

Experiment scheme

1 ton of organic fertilizer 2 tons of organic fertilizer 3 tons of organic fertilizer Control
without fertilizer 3 tons of organic fertilizer 1 ton of organic fertilizer Control
without fertilizer 2 tons of organic fertilizer 2 tons of organic fertilizer Control
without fertilizer 1 ton of organic fertilizer 3 tons of organic fertilizer

Sowing of tomatoes was carried out by seedlings in May, in the second decade of the month.

Statistical analysis of the processing of a sample of the obtained data of organized repetition was carried out using the NIRSMAIN.EXE program.

The climatic conditions for the development of tomatoes in 2021 were characterized as relatively favorable. May, according to the average annual data, was normal in terms of temperature and rainy days, June, July and August were warmer than the norm by 2.5-3.2 degrees and were not provided with moisture from the average annual norm. What significantly affected the development of plants table. 7.

Table 7 .

Climatic characteristics of the development of tomatoes

Meteorological data for 2021 Month Average monthly temperature Norm Off + - Amount of precipitation, mm Norm in % to normal May 14.6 14.6 - 69.6 47 148 June 20.4 17.9 2.5 77.7 63 123 July 23.1 19.9 3.2 24 69 34.7 August 21.8 18.8 3.0 51.8 56 92.5 September 10.6 13.4 2.8 26.2 40 65.5

The assessment of the effect of fertilizers on tomatoes was studied by the survival rate of seedlings. The survival rate of tomatoes in experimental plots is presented in Table. eight.

Table 8 .

Influence of organomineral fertilizers on the value

survival rate of tomatoes, %

Survival rate of tomatoes, % Doses of organomineral fertilizers t/ha one 2 3 control 100 100 100 75 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 76 mean 100 100 100 84 +16 +16 +16 Deviations from control

Table 8 shows that organomineral fertilizers affect the survival rate of tomato plants in natural conditions, increases the survival rate of tomato plants by 16 percent.

Tomatoes were grown on experimental plots from May to September 2021. without watering and additional feeding with other fertilizers. In order to influence organomineral fertilizers on the growth and development of tomato plants, their productivity and disease susceptibility were determined.

It was found that the first ripening of tomato fruits was noted in plots with the application of the proposed organomineral fertilizers on July 24, in the control variant, the first ripe tomato crop was harvested on August 3, 10 days later. It can be noted that the developed organomineral fertilizer has a positive effect on the ripening of tomato fruits (accelerates ripening by 10 days).

Tomato fruits were harvested as they ripened, on average 1 time in 2-3 days, the weight of the fruit ranged from 19.75 g to 96.04 g.

In order to study the effect of the developed organomineral fertilizer on the fruit formation of tomatoes, their number from 1 plant was counted. quantitative indicators are presented in Table 9.

Table 9 .

Influence of organomineral fertilizer on quantitative

indicators of tomato fruits

Number of tomatoes, pcs/1 plant Doses of organomineral fertilizers t/ha one 2 3 to 22 23 22 fifteen twenty 19 23 13 22 twenty 25 fourteen mean twenty 21 23 fourteen +6 +7 +9 Deviations from control

Table 9 shows that in the control variant, 14 tomato fruits were harvested from 1 plant, when the developed organomineral fertilizer based on the zoocompost of the Black Lion fly larvae was applied, the number of fruits increased from 6 to 9 pieces. The largest number of tomatoes was obtained by applying organomineral fertilizer in the amount of 3 tons per hectare.

In order to study the effect of organomineral fertilizer on the yield, we studied the yield of 1 plant and the average yield of tomato fruits from the plot. Yield indicators are presented in table. ten.

Table 10 .

Yield of tomato plants kg.

Mass of tomatoes, kg. Doses of organomineral fertilizer t/ha one 2 3 to 5.280 5.520 5.280 3,600 4,800 4,560 5.520 3.120 5.280 4,800 6,000 3.360 mean 5.120 4,960 5.620 3.360 +1,760 +1,600 +2,240 Deviations from control

Analysis of the data in table 10 shows reliable data on the increase in tomato yield. It can be seen that organomineral fertilizer has a positive effect on the yield of tomatoes, increases the average yield. It should be noted that the maximum increase in yield was obtained by applying a triple dose of organomineral fertilizer (3 tons per ha).

The last tomato harvesting was on September 17, analyzing the yield data of tomatoes from the accounting area of the plot, we can conclude that the increase in yield in relation to the control was in the range of 1.760-2.240 kg, which is 67%, the largest increase in yield was noted in experimental plots with a dose of 3 tons of organic fertilizer.

Studies have shown that when the developed compositions of organomineral fertilizers are introduced into the soil, the yield increases significantly and exceeds the performance of control soil samples without fertilizers, so they can be used to grow plants under production conditions.

The created organomineral fertilizer reduces the harmful impact on the environment by eliminating the storage of industrial waste, allows them to be re-involved in the technological cycle, which contributes to the creation of low-waste and waste-free technologies.

Claims (2)

Organo-mineral fertilizer based on the zoocompost of the Black Lion fly larvae, including the organic part, characterized in that the organic part is used in the form of the zoocompost of the Black Lion fly larvae, and also contains glauconite clay, citrogypsum, cement production waste - dust from kilns of electrostatic precipitators, with the following content of components , wt. %: zoocompost of Black Lion fly larvae 55-75 glauconite clay 5-15 citrogypsum 10-30 waste of cement production - dust from kilns of electrostatic precipitators 5-10

Images