RU2774477C1 - Rail fastening plate - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: railway track construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the construction of a railway track. Rail fastening plate contains heads for fastening to them clamps for pressing the rail track foot to the plate, holes in the plate for screw elements of fixing the plate to the sleeper, two pairs of guides, which are located longitudinally to the heads on opposite transverse sides of the plate and along it. Each hole is made between each pair of plate guides, while between each pair of guides a toothed surface is made around the hole, each tooth of which is located across the plate. The ends of each pair of guides and the toothed surface between them are displaced along the plate to its outer side from the head location plane by a distance V - the maximum possible distance of the plate movement to one of the sides in the longitudinal direction of the plate. A rectangular recess is made in the plate in the center of the head. The ends of each pair of guides are shifted away from the middle of the slab relative to the plane of location of the front part of the anchor head by a distance V - the maximum possible distance for the slab to move to one of the sides in the longitudinal direction of the slab.

EFFECT: reliability of the plate and the operation of the rail fastening of the rail track in difficult climatic conditions at increased dynamic loads is increased.

6 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The rail fastening plate refers to railway transport, in particular to the structure of the railway track, including the fastening points of the rails to the track bases (plates and sleepers), which have elements for fastening the plates to the base of the rail track, and we mean such rail fastenings in which the specified fastening points contain dowels fixed at the base of the track and screws screwed into them so that it is possible to move the plate relative to the screws in the transverse direction of the rail track in the process of changing the gauge

From the patent documentation, an upper support plate (plate) is known for resting a rail on it, connected to the lower foundation plate (base), the upper plate has the ability to move horizontally across the track and in vertical directions, while the lateral movement of the upper plate across the rail is limited by reinforced protruding flanges on the first pair of edges of the bottom plate. The reinforcement includes horizontal shelves extending outward from the upper edges of the raised shelves. Additional flanges on the second pair of lower edges of the plate provide additional reinforcement and limit the movement of the upper plate in the direction of the rail. Washers set the bottom plate for lateral control movement in pre-selected increments of various sizes (US 4715522 A, 1987-12-29).

Known plate of cast iron, located under the rail track and equipped with two removable units on the plate, which replace the anchors to hold the rail (CN 205443809 U, 2016-08-10).

A rail base plate is known, which has means for adjusting the distance of its fastening on a sleeper with screws screwed into dowels recessed in the sleeper (CN 212771759 U, 2021-03-23).

A rail fastening is known, containing a symmetrical lining, including sub-terminal sections with thrust walls, guide ribs, restrictive ledges located at the holes for the passage of fasteners, as well as a sub-rail section located between them, while the sub-terminal part at the ends of the guide ribs and the sub-rail section have different thickness, and the part of the lining, located under the end sections of the terminal along the axis of the fastener, has an elevation relative to the rest of the sub-terminal section, and on the thrust wall of the lining there are protrusions that are a continuation of its base (RU 183452U1, 09/24/2018).

A rail fastening is known, containing a base with an anchor and a positioning gasket, a dowel into which a screw is screwed, while the outer end of the anchor is located in the recess of the positioning gasket (RU 136441 U1, 10.01.2014).

A rail fastening is known, including a lining with holes for fastening elements of the lining to the sleeper with two side stops, the fastening has a terminal-bolt fastening of the rail to the lining and a control element installed on one side of the rail with the possibility of its rearrangement to the other side and fixing by means of a terminal-bolt fastenings (RU 2398923 C2, 09/10/2010).

A rail fastening is known, containing a double-flange lining installed on the under-rail base, terminal bolts installed in grooves made in the flanges of the lining, and on the left and right ends of the double-flange lining there are recesses with holes perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the lining, while the holes in the recesses have an oval shape, and on the upper side of the double-flange lining there are adjusting inserts with round holes made with an eccentricity, the value of which is equal to no more than the standard lateral wear of the rail head (RU 195061 U1, 14.01.2020).

A rail fastening plate is known, having a rectangular shape in a top view, on which anchor heads are made integral with it, each head having a central opening and side cradles for the loop and terminal branches, the plate has oval holes for the elements of the plate connection unit located in them with a sleeper, the anchor heads of the slab and the oval holes are located offset from the central axis and are located opposite each other diagonally in the slab in its corner zones (application WO 2019186097 A1, 03.10.2019 - prototype). The appearance of the slab disclosed in the prototype is presented by the assembled rail fastening in the source of information: https://berserkon.com/images/fast-clip-pandrol-fastclip-2.jpg, inspection date 10/14/2021.

From the design of the rail fastening plate disclosed in the prototype, it follows that when the rail is moved across the rail track in the process of adjusting the track gauge under the determined temperature conditions, the sole of the rail will push the plate and at the same time rest against the side rail fastening insulator. The rail is moved with a dangerous force that can destroy the insulator moved together with the plate. In another case of rail movement, when the insulator is preliminarily removed, the base of the rail will abut against the places of the plate anchor that fit under the insulator with the risk of damaging these places. As a result, the rail fastening disclosed in the prototype does not fully correspond to the reliability of the plate operation at temperature differences ranging from +70ºС to -70ºС and the perception of dynamic loads by the plate when the rolling stock moves along the rail track at high speeds. The increase in travel speeds is associated with high-quality and safe adjustment of the track gauge.

The technical result of the invention presented in this description is to increase the reliability of the plate and the operation of the rail fastening in severe climatic conditions in the mode of increased dynamic loads.

Another result obtained is the improvement of the quality of adjustment work, which affects the positioning accuracy of the slab and rail fastening in the process of moving the slab across the rail track in cases of changing the track gauge.

The technical result is obtained by a rail fastening plate, monolithically made of cast iron or a durable composite non-oxidizable material, while the plate has a rectangular shape in the top view, corresponding to the loads of thickness t, heads for attaching to them the clamps for pressing the sole of the rail track to the plate, as well as made in the slab there are oval holes for the screw elements of fastening the slab to the sleeper, and on top the slab has two pairs of guides, which are located longitudinally to the heads on opposite transverse sides of the slab and along it, each oval hole is made between each pair of guides of the plate, the major axis of symmetry of each oval hole is parallel each pair of guides of each pair and parallel to the central axis of the plate, while between each pair of guides around the oval hole there is a toothed surface, each tooth of which is located across the plate, while the lower surface of the plate and the upper surface of the plate, located between plate heads and toothed surfaces are made smooth, and the plate heads, pairs of guides, oval holes and toothed surfaces are located offset from the central longitudinal axis of the plate so that pairs of guides and heads are located diagonally in the corner zones of the plate and opposite each other, and the ends of each pairs of guides and the toothed surface between them are displaced along the plate to its outer side from the plane of the head location by a distance V - the maximum possible distance of the plate movement to one of the sides in the longitudinal direction of the plate.

Each plate head has a central opening for the terminal loop located in it and side lodgements symmetrically located with respect to this opening for the terminal branches located in them, while between the lodgements and the central opening there is a rectangular recess open from above.

The ends of each pair of guides are shifted away from the middle of the slab relative to the plane of the front part of the anchor head by a distance V - the maximum possible distance of the slab moving to one side in the longitudinal direction of the slab to limit the movement of the slab in the transverse direction in the process of adjusting the track gauge by a distance V in one of the directions of movement within V=1-6 mm.

The larger size of each oval hole has the limits Dv + 2V, where V is the maximum possible distance for moving the plate to one of the sides in the longitudinal direction of the plate within 1.0-6.0 mm, and Dv is the diameter of the sleeve located in the oval hole with the it with a screw having a diameter D.

The width of the oval hole 6 is equal to the diameter Dv of the bushing.

The plate has a length L and a width H, the center of each oval hole is located at a distance Lo=2.2D from the edge of the transverse side of the plate and at a distance Ho=1.5D from the edge of the longitudinal side of the plate, where D is the diameter of the screw, while the width of the plate is within H=(0.4-0.6) L, and the thickness t of the plate is within t=(0.5-2.5)D.

In FIG. 1 shows a rail fastening plate in front view.

In FIG. 2 - plate top view along arrow A in Fig.1.

In FIG. 3 - plate side view along arrow B in Fig.1.

In FIG. 4 - plate bottom view along arrow B in Fig.1.

In FIG. 5 - layout of the bushing of the slab attachment to the sleeper in

oval hole plate.

In FIG. 6 - plate in axonometry, top view rotated by ¾.

Plate 1 rail fastening is a monolithic part of complex shape, preferably made of cast iron or any other durable composite non-oxidizing material. The slab is connected with fasteners - screws to a sleeper or a slab of a rail track.

The slab has a rectangular shape in the top view and thickness t corresponding to the loads on the slab, heads 2 and 3, made integral with it, are located on top of the slab, designed to attach to them the clamps for pressing the sole of the rail track to the slab (terminals not shown).

The top plate has two pairs of guides 4 and 5 (figure 2), which are located on opposite transverse sides of the plate and are made in one piece with it. Each guide is in the form of a rectangular ledge that rises above the slab, extends along the slab parallel to the longitudinal axis 10 of the slab. Facing inside the plate ends of the guides 4 and 5 are located in the plane 21 (figure 2). A pair of guides, located along the slab, is designed to hold the screws 19 (Fig.5) in the design position for attaching the slab to the sleeper, as well as for stable movement of the slab 1 across the rail track relative to the fixed screws screwed into the dowels of the track base. Each screw 19 is located in the round hole shown in the diagram (figure 5) of the sleeve 20, which is located with the possibility of sliding in the oval hole 6 of the plate 1. (The screw 19 and the sleeve 20 are not included in the design of the plate).

The oval hole 6 (figure 4) is symmetrically located between each pair of guides 4 and 5, while the major axis 16 of the oval hole 6 is located along the plate 1, and the minor axis 17 of the oval hole 6 is located across the plate. In the light, the larger size along the axis 16 of each oval hole 6 has a length of Dв + 2v, where Dв is the diameter or width of that part of the sleeve that is located in the oval hole of the plate, and v is the maximum possible distance of the plate moving to one of the sides in the longitudinal direction of the plate relative to the fixed sleeve 20 and the fixed screw 19 located in it, fixed in the sleeper.

The plate has a length L and a width H (figure 4), and the center 18 of each oval hole 6 (figure 4) is located at a distance Lo=2.2D from the edge of the transverse side of the plate and at a distance Ho=1.5D from the edge of the longitudinal side plate, where D is the diameter of the screw, while the width of the plate is within H=(0.4-0.6) L, and the thickness t of plate 1 (Fig.1) is within t=(0.5-2, 5)D. Such ratios allow the most compact distribution of all rail fastening elements on the plate.

The diameter D of the screw depends on the thickness t of the plate, the material of the screw and plate, and on the maximum possible dynamic loads on the plate when the rolling stock moves along the track.

On top of the plate, between each pair of guides 4 and 5, and the edge of each hole 6, a toothed surface 7 is made, and each tooth of this surface is located across the plate. The lower surface 8 of the plate is made smooth, the upper surface 9 of the plate, which is located between the heads 2 and 3 of the plate and the surfaces 7, is also made smooth. Toothed surface 7 is designed to engage with the toothed washer of the joint between the slab and the sleeper (the washer is not shown).

Heads 2 and 3 of the plate, guides 4 and 5, as well as oval holes 6 and jagged surfaces 7 are located offset to the sides of the plate from its central longitudinal axis 10 so that the oval holes, heads 2 and 3 and pairs of guides 4 and 5 are located diagonally across the slab in its corner zones, opposite each other.

Each plate head has a central opening 11 for the terminal loop located in it and side lodgements 12 symmetrically located with respect to the opening 11 for the terminal branches of the terminal located in them. In the plate 1, between the lodgements 12 of each head, a notch 13 is made in the form of a cutout in order to save metal. In another version, the recess 13 can be made in the form of a rectangular recess with a bottom (not shown), while such a recess is open from the outer end side of the plate and from its upper side in order to increase the strength of the plate in the area of the plate head.

To explain the operation of the plate, in front of the heads 2 and 3 of the plate are shown (conditionally) places 14 for removable side insulators (figure 1), which determine the relative position of the elements of the plate. The surface of the front wall of each insulator is located in the plane 15 (figure 2), and the ends of each pair of guides 4 and 5 and the toothed surface 7 between them are offset by a distance V to the outer side of the plate from the plane 15. The distance V between the plane 21 and the plane 15 is within V=14-18 mm - the size of the place for the location of the lugs of the rail pad (not shown). The distance V is in the range of 6-10 mm, it is regulated within these limits by the safety conditions. In the process of moving the rails (with the insulators removed), the ends of the guides 4 and 5 go to the middle of the slab and are located outside the location of each slab head in order to prevent damage to the end of the rail sole of the slab head when the rail and its sole are moved in the process of adjusting the track gauge.

The plate works as follows. In the conditions of the production of sleeper gratings, each plate 1 is installed on each sleeper of the sleeper grating and at the same time the dowels embedded in the sleeper are combined with the centers of the oval holes 6. surface 7 of the plate 1. Insert the sleeve 20 into the washer hole and place its lower part in the oval hole. A screw 19 is inserted into the hole of the bushing 20 and screwed into the dowel of the sleeper. Side insulators 14 are put on heads 2 and 3, between which a rail pad (not shown) is placed and a rail is placed on it. Then the sole of the rail is pressed against the plate with a spring terminal (not shown) inserted into the opening 11 and the lodgements 12 of the heads 2 and 3.

When moving along the rails of a rolling stock rail track, the slab perceives vertical compression loads towards the sleeper and loads on the separation of the slab from the sleeper, and when accelerating or decelerating the movement of the rolling stock, the slab perceives shear loads of the slab acting in the plane of the plate to the sleeper. The indicated loads are transferred to each bushing 20 (Fig.5) and the screw 19 located in its hole, while in order to prevent the plate from shifting relative to the screws and to ensure sufficient adhesion of the plate surface to the fasteners, the toothed surfaces 7 prevent the plate from sliding relative to the mating teeth of the rectangular washers rail fastening (washers not shown). As a result, the reliability of the connection of the slab with the sleeper with screws is achieved.

During operation of the rail track, the side surfaces of the rail heads wear out. With excessive lateral wear and an increase in the track gauge, as well as with a change in the design layout of the track, the track width and the location of the rails are adjusted by shifting the rails in the appropriate directions.

The track width is adjusted as follows. Screws of fixing the plate to the sleeper are unscrewed, the teeth of the rail fastening washer are disengaged from the teeth of the toothed surface 7 of the plate, the terminals are dismantled, the side rail fastening insulators are removed, the rail is shifted in the specified direction, and new side insulators are installed on the heads with a thickness of shelves ranging from 6 mm to 10 mm. After the performed operations, the terminals are set to the working position, the screws are screwed and the plate is fixed on the sleeper. The plate and the rail are fixed in a new position by replacing the side insulators having a greater or lesser thickness of the side insulator shelf.

In order to ensure the safety of the rail track and the movement of rolling stock along it, it is assumed that the normative maximum possible movement of the rail and the slab together with it in the process of changing the track gauge is the distance V = 6 mm, while the movement of the rail together with the slab is possible from 1 mm to 6 mm to either side in the transverse direction of the track.

As a result, the quality of adjustment work is significantly improved, which affects the positioning accuracy of the plate and rail fastening, and the accuracy of adjusting the track gauge.

As a result, the reliability of the plate, the reliability of the rail fastening, operating in severe climatic conditions at increased dynamic loads, is increased.

Claims (6)

1. A rail fastening plate, monolithically made of cast iron or a durable composite non-oxidizing material, having a rectangular shape in the top view, corresponding to the loads of thickness t, heads for attaching to them the terminals for pressing the sole of the rail track to the plate, as well as oval holes made in the plate under the screw elements for fastening the slab to the sleeper, characterized in that the slab has two pairs of guides on top, which are located longitudinally to the heads on opposite transverse sides of the slab and along it, each oval hole is made between each pair of slab guides, the major axis of symmetry of each oval hole is parallel to each guide of each pair and parallel to the central axis of the plate, while between each pair of guides around the oval hole there is a toothed surface, each tooth of which is located across the plate, while the lower surface of the plate and the upper surface of the plate, located between the heads of the plate and the toothed and surfaces are made smooth, moreover, the plate heads, pairs of guides, oval holes and jagged surfaces are located with an offset from the central longitudinal axis of the plate so that pairs of guides and heads are located diagonally in the corner zones of the plate and opposite each other, and the ends of each pair of guides and the jagged surface between them are displaced along the plate to its outer side from the plane of the head location by a distance V - the maximum possible distance of the plate movement to one of the sides in the longitudinal direction of the plate. 2. The plate according to claim 1, characterized in that each plate head has a central opening for the terminal loop located in it and side lodgements symmetrically located with respect to this opening for the terminal branches located in them, while between the lodgements and the central opening there is a rectangular hole open at the top. 3. The plate according to claim 1, characterized in that the ends of each pair of guides are shifted away from the middle of the plate relative to the plane of the front part of the anchor head by a distance V - the maximum possible distance of movement of the plate to one side in the longitudinal direction of the plate to limit the movement of the plate in the transverse direction in the process of adjusting the track gauge for a distance V in one of the directions of movement within V = 1-6 mm. 4. The plate according to claim 1, characterized in that the larger size of each oval hole has limits Dv + 2V, where V is the maximum possible distance of movement of the plate in one of the sides in the longitudinal direction of the plate within 1.0-6.0 mm, and Dv is the diameter of the bushing located in the oval hole with a screw located in it, having a diameter D. 5. Plate according to claim 1, characterized in that the width of the oval hole is equal to the diameter Dv of the bushing. 6. The plate according to claim 1, characterized in that the plate has a length L and a width H, the center of each oval hole is located at a distance Lo=2.2D from the edge of the transverse side of the plate and at a distance Ho=1.5D from the edge of the longitudinal side of the plate , where D is the diameter of the screw, while the width of the plate is in the range H=(0.4-0.6)L, and the thickness t of the plate is in the range t=(0.5-2.5)D.

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