RU2773033C1 - Processing line for the production of granulated beet pulp using feed additives - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: feed industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the feed industry, in particular to a processing line for the production of granulated beet pulp with feed additives. The line contains a section in which a container for wet beet pulp, a screw mixer, a press for pre-extraction of moisture in wet beet pulp, a raising agent-recuperator, a press for final extraction of moisture in beet pulp, a belt conveyor, a drum dryer with cyclone traps, an elevator for feeding dried pulp into a collecting hopper and an exhaust fan, as well as a section that contains production hoppers for feed additive components with rotary dispensers, a collecting hopper, a mixer, a post-mixing hopper, a magnetic separator, a granulator, a countercurrent cooler, a sifter, load cells, a belt conveyor for shipping finished products to the warehouse. Moreover, the line is additionally equipped with an installation for the introduction of liquid fat/vitamin complexes, which are fed into the mixing hopper.

EFFECT: use of the invention will make it possible to obtain an easily digestible product for animals, as well as reduce energy consumption during its production.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the sugar and feed industry, namely the production of granulated beet pulp using feed additives and can be used in sugar beet factories, as well as in feed mills and workshops involved in keeping and growing farm animals and poultry.

The closest in technical essence and achieved effect is a method for the production of amido-mineral granulated beet pulp and a line for its implementation, which provides for heating molasses, its introduction in an amount of 13 ... , mixing, low-temperature drying of the resulting mixture to a solids content in the mixture of 24 ... 26% and further high-temperature drying to a solids content in the mixture of 88 ... 90%, followed by its supply for granulation. At the same time, a mixture preliminarily dissolved at a temperature of 10...15°C, including molasses, urea and microelement salts, is sent to granulation at the same time. Then the obtained granules are cooled. The line on which this method for the production of amido-mineral granulated beet pulp is implemented contains a heater, a mixer, a low-temperature and high-temperature dryer, a granulator, a cooler, and a heat exchanger-utilizer, a mixer-dissolver, a steam-jet refrigeration machine, including a steam generator, a counter-pressure turbine, and an ejector connected in series. , cold receiver, evaporator, superheater condenser, expansion valve. [Pat. No. 2674609 IPC A23K 10/30, A23K 10/30. A method for the production of amido-mineral granulated beet pulp and a line for its implementation Drannikov A.V., Shevtsov A.A., Kvasov A.V., Bubnov A.R., Kostina D.K. Patentee: Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies" (FGBOU VO "VGUIT") (RU) - No. 2017146690. Appl. 12/28/2017, publ. 12/11/2018, Bull. No. 35].

However, the known invention has the following disadvantages:

- significant energy costs due to the fact that a single pressing is used to remove moisture from beet chips, after which the pressed pulp has a high moisture content, for the evaporation of which a significant amount of energy is spent in the dryer;

- the use of a steam jet refrigeration machine as part of the line, including a steam generator, a backpressure turbine, an ejector, a cold receiver, an evaporator, a condenser-superheater, and a thermostatic expansion valve, significantly complicates and increases the cost of operating this line;

- the use of low-temperature drying of the resulting mixture to a solids content in the mixture of 24 ... 26% and high-temperature drying to a dry matter content in the mixture of 88 ... 90% significantly increases the cost and significantly reduces the nutritional value of the finished product.

The technical objective of the invention is a significant reduction in energy consumption in the production of granulated beet pulp through the use of double pressing and obtaining pressed pulp with a lower moisture content, the evaporation of which will require less thermal energy in the dryer; a significant increase in the nutritional value of the produced granulated beet pulp through the use of gentle temperature drying and various feed additives, which include molasses, urea, enzymes, biologically active additives (BAA), fat-vitamin complexes and other feed additives; increase in the range of products and technological capabilities of the line for the production of granulated sugar beet pulp using feed additives with programmable properties adapted for various types of farm animals; increase in energy efficiency and operational reliability of the line.

The task is achieved by the proposed technological line for the production of granulated beet pulp with feed additives, in which the novelty is that it contains a section in which a container for wet beet pulp, a screw mixer, a press for pre-squeezing moisture in the wet beet pulp are connected in series. beet pulp, baking powder-recuperator, press for the final extraction of moisture in beet pulp, belt conveyor, drum dryer with cyclones-traps, bucket elevator for supplying dried pulp to the overmixing hopper and exhaust fan, as well as a section that contains production bins for feed additive components with rotary batchers, a mixing hopper, a mixer, a mixing hopper, a magnetic separator, a granulator, a counterflow cooler, a sifter, a strain gauge, a belt conveyor for shipping finished products to the warehouse, and the line is additionally equipped with an installation for introducing liquid fats other complexes, which are fed into the overmixing hopper.

The proposed technological line for the production of granulated beet pulp using feed additives is shown in Fig. one.

The technological line for the production of granulated beet pulp using feed additives includes a series-connected container with the original wet pulp 1; screw feeder 2; press 3 for preliminary squeezing out moisture; baking powder-recuperator 4; press 5 for the final squeezing of moisture; belt conveyor 6; drum dryer 7 with cyclone traps 8; exhaust fan 9; a block of production hoppers 10 with rotary feeders 11; overmixing hopper 12; mixer 13; mixing hopper 14; magnetic separator 15; granulator 16; countercurrent cooler 17, sifter 18; load balances 19, belt conveyor 20 for shipment to the warehouse of finished products and installation 21 for the input of liquid components; elevator 22.

The technological process for obtaining granulated beet pulp using feed additives includes the following operations:

- pressing the original beet pulp with an initial moisture content of 85-90% in the press 3 for preliminary squeezing out moisture to a moisture content of 68-76%;

- loosening pre-squeezed pulp and blowing clean after the cyclones-catchers 8 of the drum dryer 7 with air at a temperature of 70-80°C and additional removal of 1-2% moisture in the baking powder-recuperator 4;

- pressing loosened beet pulp with a moisture content of 67-73% in press 5 for the final extraction of moisture to a moisture content of 64-69%;

- drying the pressed pulp with a moisture content of 64-69% with a heat carrier (a mixture of air with natural gas combustion products having a temperature of 750 ° C) at a temperature of 110-140 ° C in a drum dryer 7 for 90-120 minutes to a final moisture content of 11-13% ;

- the pulp dried in the drum dryer 7 is fed with the help of a bucket elevator 22 into the overmixing hopper 12;

- dosing of feed additives and dried beet pulp into the mixer until uniform mixing is achieved within 2-4 minutes;

- cleaning of granules from metal-magnetic impurities on the magnetic separator 15;

- pulp granulation (granule diameter 10 mm) on granulator 16;

- cooling the granules in the counterflow cooler 17 to a temperature not exceeding the ambient temperature by more than 10 ... 15 ° C, i.e. up to a temperature not higher than 30-35°C;

- fractionation of granules into large and small fractions with a granule size of less than 10 mm in a sifter 18 with a cell size of 28×10 mm with the return of the latter for re-granulation;

- weighing on 19 weight scales and shipment by 20 belt conveyor of granulated beet pulp with feed additives to the finished product warehouse.

Beet pulp is the desugared chips that remain after the extraction of sucrose from it in a diffuse way and contains nutrients. These are crude protein, crude fiber, nitrogen-free extract substances, protein, vitamin C, essential amino acids (lysine, threanine, valine).

The proposed technological line for the production of granulated beet pulp using feed additives works as follows.

First, the original beet pulp with an initial moisture content of 85-90% from the tank 1 is sent to the press 3 for preliminary squeezing out moisture (for example, the Babbini press), in which the beet pulp is pressed to a moisture content of 68-76%. The screw conveyor 2 provides a continuous, adjustable and uniform supply of beet pulp to the press 3 for pre-moisture squeezing.

Then, the pre-pressed pulp is loosened with the help of needle agitators in the baking powder-recuperator 4, which is simultaneously supplied with air cleaned after cyclones 8 of the drum dryer 7 at a temperature of 70-80°C. When blowing a layer of pulp, 1-2% of moisture evaporates from it.

Further, this loosened beet pulp with a moisture content of 67-73% is fed into the press 5 for the final squeezing of moisture to a moisture content of 64-69%. From the press 5, the pressed pulp with a moisture content of 64-69% is sent by a belt conveyor 6 to a drum dryer 7, in which the pulp is dried with a heat carrier (a mixture of air with natural gas combustion products) at a temperature of 110-140 ° C for 90-120 minutes to the final moisture 11-13%. The dried pulp leaves the drum dryer 7 at a temperature of 50°C and is fed into the overmixing hopper 12 with the help of a bucket elevator 22.

Flue gases (combustion products of natural gas) having a temperature of 750°C are mixed with air in such a proportion that the mixture of air and flue gases has a temperature of 110-140°C. Exhaust gases with a temperature of 70-80°C are sucked out of the drum dryer 7 by an exhaust fan 9 and sent to a cyclone 8 to capture dried pulp particles carried away by the coolant.

The trapped small particles of dry pulp are accumulated in the lower part of the cyclone-catcher 8, from which they are sent to the overmixing hopper 12, and the flue gases with a temperature of 70-80°C from the cyclone-catcher 8 are sent to the baking powder-recuperator 4.

At the same time, individual components of feed additives (for example, feed carbamide CO (NH ₂ ) ₂ , feed yeast, multi-enzyme complexes, including enzymes such as phytase, glucanase, xylanase, amylase , protease, pectinase, mannase, etc.) into the overmixing hopper 12. In addition, the installation 21 for introducing liquid components supplies fat and vitamin supplements (aqueous solutions of vitamins and amino acids, dietary supplements, molasses, fat, oil, etc.) into the overmixing hopper 12.

Installation 21 includes a pump with a drive, a set of measuring and control equipment and instruments, pipeline fittings that allow you to set a certain flow rate of liquid components, control and, if necessary, correct it.

Feed carbamide CO(NH ₂ ) ₂ is used to compensate for the lack of digestible protein in the diet. Feeding urea to dairy cattle with an average productivity of 15-20 liters per day, provided that all the necessary ingredients are present in the main diet, leads to an increase in daily milk yield by 1-1.3 liters. At the same time, the fat content in milk increases by 0.25-0.3%, and protein - by 0.07%.

When feeding carbamide to young cattle, it is possible to increase its average daily weight gain by 10-13% compared to the usual gains obtained when feeding without this supplement. The use of carbamide in feeding young sheep older than 6 months of age can increase daily weight gain by 7-8%. The composition of the main feed urea should be no more than 4%.

Dried pulp from the drum dryer 7 is also fed into the overmixing hopper 12 using a bucket elevator 22. Then the loaded components from the overmixing hopper 12 are sent to the mixer 13, where the components are mixed in a quasi-weightless mode. The used quasi-weightless mixing mode takes into account the basic requirements of the mixing process to the maximum extent: uniform distribution of the starting materials among themselves, prevention of the formation of lumps and voids in the mixture, also takes into account the influence of the following main factors of the mixing process: physical properties of materials, specific gravity of components, quantitative ratio of components); design factors of the mixer (direction of action of the working bodies, the design of the mixer and its working body, the degree of filling of the mixer); kinematic factors of the mixing process (speed of movement of the working parts of the mixer, mixing time, mixing method, modes and technological parameters of the process). Mixing the components in a quasi-weightless mode, which ensures high homogeneity of the resulting mixture, will make it possible to reduce the coefficient of heterogeneity to 3%, improve the physical qualities of the mixture; reduce energy costs by 12-15% due to a significant reduction in the mixing time from 90 s to 45-60 s and by taking into account the mechanical, physical and chemical properties of the mixed components and the kinematic and design parameters of the process.

The resulting homogeneous mixture of components is unloaded from the mixer 13 into the mixing hopper 14, from which, passing through the magnetic separator 15, it is cleaned of ferromagnetic impurities and fed into the granulator 16. In it, the mixture of components is pressed into granules, the size of which depends on the size of the holes of the matrix (usually in within 6, 8 and 10 mm).

The temperature of the granules after the granulator 16 is 70-80°C, so they are sent to the counterflow cooler 17, which provides effective cooling of the granulated feed granules with the help of ambient air. Ambient cooled air is fed vertically into the bed of pellets. In this case, the outlet temperature of the granules should not reach a temperature above 10 ... 15 ° C of the environment.

From the 17 counterflow cooler, the chilled feed granules are fed into the 18 sifter to separate small particles from the granules. The fine fraction is returned to the granulator 16 for re-granulation.

The sifted granules of sugar beet pulp with the use of feed additives are fed to 19 weight scales for weighing and then are shipped by a 20 belt conveyor to the finished product warehouse.

The technology for the production of granulated beet pulp using feed additives improves the technological properties of the product - an increase in bulk density by more than 1.5 times compared to loose pulp, improving its flowability, which prevents the product from caking and the possibility of storing it in silos. Granulated pulp is a valuable source of easily digestible carbohydrates, fiber and improves the palatability of feed.

The line for the production of granulated beet pulp using feed additives will increase the productivity of animals by 7-10% while saving grain raw materials by 5-8%.

Thus, the use of the invention will allow:

- to expand the range of manufactured granulated beet pulp through the use of various feed additives (molasses, urea, biologically active additives (BAA), fat-vitamin complexes, fodder yeast, multi-enzyme complexes, etc.) with programmable properties, adapted for various types of farm animals;

- expand the technological capabilities of the line for the production of granulated beet pulp using feed additives;

- a significant reduction in energy consumption in the production of granulated beet pulp due to the use of double pressing and obtaining pressed pulp with a lower moisture content, the evaporation of which requires less thermal energy in the dryer;

- a significant increase in the nutritional value of the produced granulated sugar beet pulp through the use of gentle temperature drying and various feed additives;

- increase in energy efficiency and operational reliability of the line.

Claims (1)

Technological line for the production of granulated beet pulp with feed additives, characterized in that it contains a section in which a tank for wet beet pulp, a screw mixer, a press for preliminary squeezing out moisture in wet beet pulp, a baking powder-recuperator, a press for final pressing are connected in series moisture content in beet pulp, a belt conveyor, a drum dryer with cyclone traps, a bucket elevator for supplying dried pulp to the overmixing hopper and an exhaust fan, as well as a section that contains production bins for feed additive components with rotary batchers, an overmixing bin, a mixer, an overmixing bin , magnetic separator, granulator, counterflow cooler, sifter, strain gauges, belt conveyor for shipment to the warehouse of finished products, moreover, the line is additionally equipped with an installation for introducing liquid fat-vitamin complexes, which are fed into the overmixing bunker R.

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